全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2873篇 |
免费 | 444篇 |
国内免费 | 916篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 413篇 |
废物处理 | 88篇 |
环保管理 | 288篇 |
综合类 | 2050篇 |
基础理论 | 436篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 444篇 |
评价与监测 | 116篇 |
社会与环境 | 172篇 |
灾害及防治 | 225篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 16篇 |
2023年 | 76篇 |
2022年 | 175篇 |
2021年 | 183篇 |
2020年 | 214篇 |
2019年 | 167篇 |
2018年 | 149篇 |
2017年 | 195篇 |
2016年 | 143篇 |
2015年 | 202篇 |
2014年 | 215篇 |
2013年 | 252篇 |
2012年 | 282篇 |
2011年 | 269篇 |
2010年 | 250篇 |
2009年 | 231篇 |
2008年 | 229篇 |
2007年 | 198篇 |
2006年 | 191篇 |
2005年 | 136篇 |
2004年 | 97篇 |
2003年 | 75篇 |
2002年 | 64篇 |
2001年 | 43篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 33篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1932年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4233条查询结果,搜索用时 468 毫秒
231.
补充型过度捕捞的确认及其对渔业管理的启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生物学参考点用来指导渔业管理决策,通常以捕捞死亡系数来表达。补充型过度捕捞常常被理解为一个种群被捕捞至补充量出现实质性减少或失败时才发生。该定义很含糊,不能建立生物学参考点,它与捕捞死亡系数挂钩。因此,提出从减少一个世代亲体量的捕捞压力水平出发,定义补充型过度捕捞即是捕捞死亡系数使产卵群体低于其亲代平均生物量的临界点。常规的模型和亲体补充量数据都可确定这一参考点,并与亲体量的更替联系起来,从而实现渔业资源的可持续发展。以印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼渔业为例,计算了其补充型过度捕捞的生物学参考点,提出限制围网诱鱼装置作业,减少幼鱼资源的过度开发,防止补充型过度捕捞发生引起资源的衰退。 相似文献
232.
简要分析了合肥市城乡边缘带土地的开发利用现状及存在问题,如农业用地和非农业用地矛盾突出,耕地资源迅速减少,土地浪费和污染现象严重等。针对合肥市城乡边缘带土地利用存在的问题,提出了相应的对策和措施:集约利用土地,实现土地的可持续利用;明确土地权属,综合整治环境污染;合理规划土地利用,加强土地执法监督;控制人口流量,严格保护耕地;科学制定城市土地利用规划,期望以此促进合肥市城乡边缘带土地的可持续利用。 相似文献
233.
234.
235.
利用JX-400过程分散控制系统(DCS),开发出300MW石灰石-石膏法脱硫控制系统,并对控制系统DCS的硬件配置、主要模拟量控制、顺序控制、辅助系统及烟气监测系统等作了简单介绍。 相似文献
236.
Fang Zhang Lingxi Zhou Bo Yao Martin. K. Vollmer Brian R. Greally Peter G. Simmonds Stefan Reimann Frode Stordal Michela Maione Lin Xu Xiaochun Zhang 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(35):4454-4462
In-situ measurements of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) can be used to the assess their global and regional emissions and to check for compliance with phase-out schedules under Montreal protocol and its amendments. The atmospheric mixing ratios of CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2) and CFC-113 (CCl2F–CClF2) have been measured by an automated in-situ GC-ECDs system at the regional Chinese Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station Shangdianzi (SDZ), from November 2006 to October 2009. The time series for these three principal CFCs showed large episodic events and background conditions occurred for approximately 30% (CFC-11), 52% (CFC-12) and 56% (CFC-113) of the measurements. The mean background mixing ratios for CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 were 244.8 ppt (parts per trillion, 10?12, molar) 539.6 ppt and 76.8 ppt, respectively, for 2006–2009. The enhanced CFC mixing ratios compared to AGAGE sites such as Trinidad Head (THD), US and Mace Head (MHD), Ireland suggest regional influences even during background conditions at SDZ, which is much closer to highly-populated areas. Between 2006 and 2009 background CFCs exhibited downward trends at rates of ?2.0 ppt yr?1 for CFC-11, ?2.5 ppt yr?1 for CFC-12 and ?0.7 ppt yr?1 for CFC-113. De-trended 3-year average background seasonal cycles displayed small fluctuations with peak-to-trough amplitudes of 1.0 ± 0.02 ppt (0.4%) for background CFC-11, 1.3 ± 2.1 ppt (0.3%) for CFC-12 and 0.2 ± 0.4 ppt (0.3%) for CFC-113. On the other hand, during pollution periods these CFCs showed much larger seasonal cycles of 11.2 ± 10.7 ppt (5%) for CFC-11, 7.5 ± 6.5 ppt (2%) for CFC-12 and 1.0 ± 1.2 ppt (1.2%) for CFC-113, with apparent winter minima and early summer maxima. This enhancement was attributed to prevailing wind directions from urban regions in summer and to enhanced anthropogenic sources during the warm season. In general, horizontal winds from northeast showed negative contribution to atmospheric CFCs loading, whereas South Western advection (urban sector: Beijing) had positive contributions. 相似文献
237.
Björn Scholz-Starke Richard Ottermanns Ursula Rings Tilman Floehr Henner Hollert Junli Hou Bo Li Ling Ling Wu Xingzhong Yuan Katrin Strauch Hu Wei Stefan Norra Andreas Holbach Bernhard Westrich Andreas Schäffer Martina Roß-Nickoll 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(10):7009-7026
The impounding of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) at the Yangtze River caused large flooding of urban, industrial, and agricultural areas, and profound land use changes took place. Consequently, substantial amounts of organic and inorganic pollutants were released into the reservoir. Additionally, contaminants and nutrients are entering the reservoir by drift, drainage, and runoff from adjacent agricultural areas as well as from sewage of industry, aquacultures, and households. The main aim of the presented research project is a deeper understanding of the processes that determines the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of organic pollutants, i.e., mainly pesticides, in aquatic food webs under the newly developing conditions of the TGR. The project is part of the Yangtze-Hydro environmental program, financed by the German Ministry of Education and Science. In order to test combinations of environmental factors like nutrients and pollution, we use an integrated modeling approach to study the potential accumulation and biomagnification. We describe the integrative modeling approach and the consecutive adaption of the AQUATOX model, used as modeling framework for ecological risk assessment. As a starting point, pre-calibrated simulations were adapted to Yangtze-specific conditions (regionalization). Two exemplary food webs were developed by a thorough review of the pertinent literature. The first typical for the flowing conditions of the original Yangtze River and the Daning River near the city of Wushan, and the second for the stagnant reservoir characteristics of the aforementioned region that is marked by an intermediate between lake and large river communities of aquatic organisms. In close cooperation with German and Chinese partners of the Yangtze-Hydro Research Association, other site-specific parameters were estimated. The MINIBAT project contributed to the calibration of physicochemical and bathymetric parameters, and the TRANSMIC project delivered hydrodynamic models for water volume and flow velocity conditions. The research questions were firstly focused on the definition of scenarios that could depict representative situations regarding food webs, pollution, and flow conditions in the TGR. The food webs and the abiotic site conditions in the main study area near the city of Wushan that determine the environmental preconditions for the organisms were defined. In our conceptual approach, we used the pesticide propanil as a model substance. 相似文献
238.
239.
采用置换沉积法制备了纳米钯/铝双金属催化剂,氢解还原去除水相中难降解有毒有机物3-氯酚(3-CP),考察了溶液pH、钯负载量、纳米钯/铝双金属投加量、反应温度对脱氯效果的影响并解析相关反应机制。结果表明:(1)初始pH 3.0时,沉积液中93.25%(质量分数,下同)~96.67%的钯可有效负载于铝材上。(2)在pH为3.0、纳米钯/铝双金属投加量为2g/L、钯负载量为1.16%(质量分数)、反应温度为25℃下降解初始摩尔浓度为0.389mmol/L的3-CP,反应终了时脱氯率在99%以上。利用纳米钯/铝双金属降解氯代有机污染物具有高效低耗的优势,在实际应用上具有较好的前景。 相似文献
240.
Xiaojiao Chen Minjian Chen Bo Xu Rong Tang Xiumei Han Yufeng Qin Bin Xu Bo Hang Zhilei Mao Weiwei Huo Yankai Xia Zhengfeng Xu Xinru Wang 《Chemosphere》2013
Widespread use of phenols has led to ubiquitous exposure to phenols. In experimental animals, phenols increased resorptions, reduced live litter size and fetal body weights. However, there are limited epidemiological evidences of the relationships between exposure to phenols and pregnancy outcomes. We evaluated the associations between parental urinary levels of various phenols and spontaneous abortion in a Chinese population residing in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. A case-control study was conducted that included 70 case couples with medically unexplained spontaneous abortion and 180 control couples who did not have a history of spontaneous abortion and had at least one living child. Both parental urinary phenols were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry including bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 2,3,4-trichlorophenol (2,3,4-TCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 4-n-octylphenol (4-n-OP) and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP). Compared with the low exposure group, there was an increased risk of spontaneous abortion with high paternal urinary PCP concentration [odds ratio (OR) = 2.09, 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.05–4.14], and maternal exposure to 4-n-OP and alkylphenol(s) also significantly increased the risk of spontaneous abortion (OR = 2.21, 95% CI, 1.02–4.80; OR = 2.81, 95% CI, 1.39–5.65, respectively). Our study firstly provides the evidence that paternal PCP exposure, maternal 4-n-OP and alkylphenol(s) exposure are associated with spontaneous abortion in humans. 相似文献