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381.
Summary Female dance-flies, Empis borealis L., gather to swarm, and males carrying nuptial gifts visit swarms for mating. Field observations and experiments were performed on this behaviorally sex-role reversed species to test models of lekking behavior. The key predictions were: (1) female preference model: male visiting rate and mating rate should increase with the number of females in swarm (swarm size), (2) hotspot model: male visiting rate should be independent of swarm size, and (3) hotshot model: swarm size should be positively correlated with the body size of the largest female in swarm. We found that male visiting rate and mating rate increased with swarm size, and that mating rate per female increased with swarm size. Males also mated more often in larger swarms than in smaller ones. Both males and females visited swarm sites even in the absence of other individuals. When females were successively removed from swarm sites more males than females on average arrived at these sites: 2.25 males per female. When no individuals were present at the swarm site, arriving males moved on to another site, whereas arriving females generally stayed. Larger experimental swarm-markers attracted both more males and more females and even more males when swarming females were present. There was no correlation between mean or median female size in swarms and the number of females in swarms. Thus, the female preference model and the hotspot model were corroborated, while other models were judged unlikely to explain swarming behavior in E. borealis.
Correspondence to: B.G. Svensson 相似文献
382.
川西亚高山针叶林土壤硝化作用及其影响因素 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用BarometricProcessSeparation(BaPS)技术对川西亚高山针叶林土壤总硝化作用速率的季节动态进行了研究,并分析了各影响因素与总硝化速率的关系.通过土壤温度和水分含量的控制实验,对温度和水分含量与总硝化速率之间的关系进行了一次线性和曲线模拟.结果表明,6至10月各月份之间的总硝化速率存在显著差异(P<0.01),在7月总硝化速率达到最大值;土壤温度和水分含量与总硝化速率显著正相关(P<0.05),对总硝化速率的影响存在明显的交互作用,水分含量可能对总硝化速率的影响更大,在季节变化中温度和水分含量可能对硝化过程产生直接和间接两种作用;pH值与总硝化速率之间的相关性不明显;森林凋落量与总硝化速率间没有显著相关性,但若仅考虑6至9月,森林凋落量与总硝化速率极显著相关(P<0.01).总之,土壤温度和水分含量很可能是影响总硝化速率的两个最主要的因素.图6表2参31 相似文献
383.
Scenarios of major terrestrial ecosystems in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The spatial pattern and mean-center shift of major terrestrial ecosystems, termed Holdridge Life Zones (HLZ), during the periods from 1961 to 1990 (T1), from 2010 to 2039 (T2), from 2040 to 2069 (T3) and from 2070 to 2099 (T4) were analyzed by combining the zonal patterns of climatic change in China and the climatic change scenarios of HadCM2 and HadCM3. The results showed that nival area would decrease rapidly with temperature increase in the future. HadCM2 and HadCM3 predicted that the nival areas might disappear in 552 years and 204 years, respectively. Using both HadCM2 and HadCM3, the five HLZ types with the largest areal extent are nival zone, cool temperate moist forest, warm temperate moist forest, subtropical moist forest and boreal wet forest, which collectively account for more than 50% of China's land mass. Among these five HLZ types, nival zone, warm temperate moist forest and boreal wet forest would decrease continuously, whereas subtropical moist forest and cool temperate forest would increase continuously during the four periods. HLZ diversity and patch connectivity would increase continuously in the 21st century. The shift distances of mean centers of HLZ types simulated using HadCM3 were markedly greater than those simulated using HadCM2, in general. The results from both HadCM2 and HadCM3 showed that boreal wet forest, subtropical moist forest, tropical dry forest, warm temperate moist forest and subtropical wet forest had bigger shift ranges, indicating that these HLZ types are more sensitive to the climatic change scenarios of HadCM2 and HadCM3. 相似文献
384.
Bo Terning Hansen Lars Erik Johannessen Tore Slagsvold 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(8):1203-1209
Imprinting plays a key role in the development of species recognition, with young imprinting upon the morphological characters
of their parents. However, the potential role that cultural transmission might play in species recognition remains largely
uninvestigated. Great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) do not normally perceive each other as sexual competitors or potential partners. However, after reciprocal interspecific
cross-fostering, both species may perceive individuals of the foster species as potential rivals or mates. Although the experience
of being raised by heterospecifics clearly has affected the species recognition of cross-fostered birds, some of them breed
naturally with conspecifics. The offspring of such cross-fostered birds (OCF) are hence raised by parents that look like ordinary
conspecifics but display deviant species recognition as compared to controls in terms of aggressive response towards rivals.
Comparing the aggressive behavior of OCF, cross-fostered birds and controls towards territorial intruders may thus help tease
apart the influence of morphological vs behavioral cues of parents in the development of offspring species recognition. To
this end, we compared birds from all three treatments with respect to their aggressive response to territorial intruders of
both species during the breeding season. OCF and controls did not differ in their pattern of response towards heterospecific
and conspecific stimuli. Compared to cross-fostered birds, OCF and controls showed less aggression towards heterospecific
intruders, while the response towards conspecific intruders did not differ between treatments. These results demonstrate that
both tit species imprint on the morphological characters of their parents, but that parental behavior is not important for
the development of species recognition in terms of aggressive response towards territorial intruders. 相似文献
385.
在明析盈余管理概念的基础上,分析了盈余管理产生的内在基础及存在的外部条件.指出应正视盈余管理的客观存在及可能的危害,最后通过对盈余管理的规范化,探讨了其相应的措施与对策. 相似文献
386.
拟面积多波长数据线性双组合解析萘,1—萘酚和2—萘酚同步荧光光谱的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究了Δλ(λem-λex)为130nm和PH12.0条件下,萘、1-萘粉和2-萘酚混合物的同步荧光光谱,获三者同步荧光峰信息,且萘被完全分辨,另外,提出用拟面积多波长线性双组合计算解析重叠的1-萘酚和2-萘酚同步荧光光谱,解析结果的精密度、组份间浓度比范围均较多波长线性回归、双峰增配平和一阶导数解析混合物同步荧光光谱结果为优。 相似文献
387.
388.
389.
中国的太阳能资源及应用潜力 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
太阳能资源被认为是21世纪最引人注目的可再生能源和洁净能源,为了经济的可持续发展,应该把环境保护和长期利益作为研究目标,文章估算了中国14个城市的太阳能资源,分析了太阳能热水系统和PIVP系统的经济性,研究结果表明,中国的太阳能利用潜力很大,政府应该对其发展发挥重要作用。 相似文献
390.
松胞素B对人血淋巴细胞和CHL细胞微核率的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了不同浓度的松胞素B对人血淋巴细胞和中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞(CHL)分裂吉周期和微核率的影响。结果表明,松胞素B浓度增高过高能引起细胞微核率增高。在本研究中,对CHL细胞微核率试验以3μg/mL松胞素B较适合;而对人血淋巴细胞微核试验,松胞素B浓度以2-4μg/mL为宜,松胞表B浓度过高会提高微核背景值,降低试验的灵敏度和精确性。 相似文献