环境条件和化学物质对叶类蔬菜硝酸盐的效应研究

在人工气候室和常温栽培条件下，研究了不同生长期化学物质赤霉素和钼酸铵对莴笋，小白菜硝酸盐含量和营养品质的效应。结果表明，两种环境下外源化学物质明显提高莴笋株高和小白菜根重，但却使莴笋叶绿素含量降低。两种环境Ｇ２和Ｍ２均明显提高两种叶类蔬菜ＡＡ的Ｖｃ含量，因而是Ｇ和Ｍ的最适施用时期。     

油田化学品废水催化氧化—生化法处理试验研究

油田化学品生产废水污染物浓度高，极难处理，在常温条件下，本研究进行了两组平行试验。第一组试验以复合化学混凝为辅生化法为主；第二组试验以复合化学混凝及Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试验催化氧为辅生化法为主。结果表明，第一组试验对主要污染物ＣＯＤｃｒ总去除率为５７．１３％，第二组试验对ＣＯＤｃｒ总去除率９４．７％，是处理油田化学品生产废水可行的技术。     

康滇地轴东缘铅锌矿床铅硫同位素地球化学研究

康滇地轴东缘不同时代碳酸盐地层中铅锌矿床的铅同位素研究表明 ,其2 0 7Pb/2 0 4 Pb与2 0 6 Pb/ 2 0 4 Pb呈良好线性关系 ,2 0 7Pb/ 2 0 6 Pb和2 0 8Pb/ 2 0 6 Pb为一常数。结合对本区矿床的稀土元素及成矿流体地球化学的研究 ,判定不同层位铅锌矿床是在同一个成矿体系同时形成的 ,一次成矿 ,其成矿年龄为 2 4 5Ma(峨眉运动 ) ;同时说明不同矿床成矿金属有相同的来源 ,主要来自上地幔。成矿硫以来自地层中的硫酸盐还原硫为主 ,幔源硫次之。本区铅锌矿床的成矿作用与峨眉山玄武岩的喷流关系密切 ,这是与著名的MVT型铅锌矿床的显著区别。     

东莞市蔬菜硝酸盐污染现状研究

通过对东莞市11种蔬菜48个样品中硝酸盐质量分数的分析，初步摸清了东莞市蔬菜硝酸盐的污染状况。分析结果表明，硝酸盐检出率为100％，其中21个样品的硝酸盐质量分数超标，超标率为46．5％；叶菜类最高检出值为国家标准的2．6倍；瓜果类最高检出值为国家标准的2．98倍。     

多元工业副产物复合配料煅烧硅酸盐水泥熟料研究

利用重晶石尾矿，铅锌尾矿和硅钙渣复合配料煅烧硅酸盐水泥熟料。研究结果表明，多元工业副产物能显著改善水泥生料易烧性，加速水泥熟料的形成，提高水泥熟料的强度，尤其是早期强度，１天抗压强度可达２０ＭＰａ以上，可用此种配料工艺生产早强水泥。     

Towards the harmonization of water-related policies for managing drought risks across the EU

Drought is recognized as a major issue in the EU, particularly in the Mediterranean region, posing risks to the environment as well as to local and regional economies. The EU policy on water management is continuously evolving, particularly in relation to water scarcity and drought. Starting with the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), which sets the general policy framework for water management across the EU, the EC Communication on Water Scarcity and Drought COM(2007) 414 final set the priorities for managing water scarcity and drought risks. Three follow-up reports (COM(2008) 875 final, COM(2010) 228 final and COM(2011) 133) highlighted achievements and yearly progress within the context of the implementation of the Water Framework Directive, whereas guidance has further been provided through the issue of Technical Reports (e.g. the EC Water Scarcity Drafting Group Technical Report 2008–023 on Drought Management, Including agricultural, drought indicators and climate change aspects). The 2012 EU Water Review (“Blue Print for Safeguarding European Waters” will assess achievements and identify further requirements towards long-term sustainable water use across the EU. However, a harmonized approach on drought risk management at the EU level is still lacking, whereas drought risk in several countries and regions has not been yet fully integrated in water management and relevant sectoral policies.This paper focuses on a proposed paradigm shift from crisis to risk management, which is currently gaining ground as a means of reducing societal vulnerability to droughts. The paper underlines the importance of engaging into risk assessment and management practices and identifies policy gaps and requirements for further improvement of the drought management policy framework at all levels of governance: at the EU, at the national and at the river basin and regional levels.     

Influence of benomyl and prometryn on the soil microbial activities and community structures in pasture grasslands of Slovakia

The effects of pesticides (a herbicide and a fungicide) on the microbial community structure and their activity were analyzed in soil from four alpine pasture grasslands in Slovakia. Specifically, the effects of the herbicide, Gesagard (prometryn active ingredient), and fungicide, Fundazol 50 WP (benomyl active ingredient), on the microbial respiration activity (CO₂ production), the numbers of selective microbial physiological groups (CFU.g^?1) and the structure (relative abundance) of soil microbial communities [(phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA)] were analyzed under controlled laboratory conditions. All treatments including the treatments with pesticides increased (statistically significantly) the production of CO₂ in all fields during 21 days of incubation and posed a statistically insignificant negative influence on the numbers of the observed physiological groups of microorganisms. The significantly negative influence was evaluated only in the numbers of two physiological groups; spores of bacteria utilizing organic nitrogen and bacteria, and their spores utilizing inorganic nitrogen. A shift in the microbial composition was evident when the PLFA patterns of samples from different sites and treatments were compared by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). According to the second component PCA 2 (15.95 %) the locations were grouped into two clusters. The first one involved the Donovaly and Dubakovo sites and the second one contained the Velka Fatra and Mala Fatra locations. The PLFA composition of the soils showed important changes after the treatment with pesticides according to PCA 1 (66.06 %). Other treatments had not had a significant effect on the soil microbial community with the exception of the population of fungi. The lower relative abundance (significant effect) of Gram-positive bacteria, actinomycetes and general group of bacteria were determined in samples treated by the herbicide Gesagard. The application of fungicide Fundazol decreased (statistically significantly) the relative abundance of actinomycetes and general group of bacteria and paradoxically increased the population of fungi.     

模锻件编码系统及其应用

应用成组技术原理,建立了模锻件分类编码系统,并用计算机对某厂136个锻件进行了分类编码处理,获得了企业的产品频谱等信息。     

Fetal cells in the uterine cervix: a source for early non-invasive prenatal diagnosis

Various non-invasive techniques for prenatal diagnosis have been under investigation. We evaluated the success of fetal sexing using a non-invasive technique for obtaining fetal cells, uterine cervix brushing, in combination with FISH. Thirty pregnant women who completed between 6 and 10 weeks of gestation and who were scheduled to undergo pregnancy termination were included in the study. A Pap smear cytobrush was inserted through the external os to a maximum depth of 2 cm and removed while rotating it a full turn. The material that was caught on the brush was spread on four microscope slides. Two-color FISH was used for fetal sexing. Following pregnancy termination, a placental sample was used for full karyotyping. In 29/30 cases FISH diagnosis was confirmed by chromosomal analysis. The only male case in which a Y chromosome was not seen was from a pregnancy of 6 weeks 6 days gestational age. One case was mosaic of 46,XY/47,XXY (25%). In most cases (7/13) the Y chromosome was already identified in the first analyzed slide. With the use of a cytobrush fetal cells can be easily obtained for the purpose of prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal disorders. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimization of an artificial neural network for identifying fishing set positions from VMS data: An example from the Peruvian anchovy purse seine fishery

The spatial behavior of numerous fishing fleets is nowadays well documented thanks to satellite Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS). Vessel positions are recorded on a frequent and regular basis which opens promising perspectives for improving fishing effort estimation and management. However, no specific information is provided on whether the vessel is fishing or not. To answer that question, existing works on VMS data usually apply simple criteria (e.g. threshold on speed). Those simple criteria generally focus in detecting true positives (a true fishing set detected as a fishing set); conversely, estimation errors are given no attention. For our case study, the Peruvian anchovy fishery, those criteria overestimate the total number of fishing sets by 182%. To overcome this problem an artificial neural network (ANN) approach is presented here. In order to set both the optimal parameterization and use “rules” for this ANN, we perform an extensive sensitivity analysis on the optimization of (1) the internal structure and training algorithm of the ANN and (2) the “rules” used for choosing both the relative size and the composition of the databases (DBs) used for training and inferring with the ANN. The “optimized” ANN greatly improves the estimates of the number and location of fishing events. For our case study, ANN reduces the total estimation error on the number of fishing sets to 1% (in average) and obtains 76% of true positives. This spatially explicit information on effort, provided with error estimation, should greatly reduce misleading interpretations of catch per unit effort and thus significantly improve the adaptive management of fisheries. While fitted on Peruvian anchovy fishery data, this type of neural network approach has wider potential and could be implemented in any fishery relying on both VMS and at-sea observer data. In order to increase the accuracy of the ANN results, we also suggest some criteria for improving sampling design by at-sea observers and VMS data.