基于范数指数的农药对虹鳟急性毒性的的定量构效关系模型

由于农药的过度使用,水生生态环境正在受到威胁。虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）的水生毒性在农用化学品环境风险评价中起着重要作用。本文提出了两个范数指数公式,并由此导出几个范数描述符,建立了定量结构-活性关系（QSAR）模型用于预测各种农药对虹鳟的急性毒性（LC50）。结果表明,目前的QSAR模型的R2为0.8053。同时,内部验证（QLOO2=0.7606）、外部验证（Rtraining2=0.8011,Rtesting2=0.8108）、Y-随机化试验和适用域分析进一步证明了该QSAR模型的稳定性、可靠性和广泛的应用领域。因此,这些范数描述符可能适用于描述农药结构以预测水生生物急性毒性。     

Effects of cultivation strategies on the cultivation of Chlorella sp. HQ in photoreactors

Heterotrophic cultivation caused high level of ROS and high lipids accumulation. HMTC is the best culture strategy for improving the microalgal biomass. Chlorella sp. HQ had great nutrient removal capacity under five culture strategies. The effects of cultivation strategies (including autotrophic cultivation (AC), heterotrophic cultivation (HC), fed-batch cultivation (FC), heterotrophic+ autotrophic two-stage cultivation (HATC), and heterotrophic+ mixotrophic two-stage cultivation (HMTC)) on the growth and lipid accumulation of Chlorella sp. HQ and its total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal in secondary effluent were investigated in column photoreactors. The results showed that the TN and TP removal rates ranged between 93.72%–95.82% and 92.73%–100%, respectively, under the five different strategies. The microalgal growth potential evaluated by the maximal growth rate (R_max) was in the order of HMTC>HC>FC>AC>HATC. The values of biomass, total lipid yield, triacylglycerols (TAGs) yield, and total lipid content of the microalga cultivated in the last 5 d increased significantly, but the TAGs productivities of the five strategies were lower than those in the first 7 d. Compared with all the other cultivation strategies, the TAGs productivity and yield after 12 d of cultivation under the heterotrophic condition reached the highest values accompanying the highest level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), in which the TAGs yield reached 40.81 mg/L at the end of the cultivation period. The peaks in TAGs yield and ROS level suggested that HC was beneficial for lipids accumulation via regulating the cellular redox status and exerting ROS stress on microalgal cells. In summary, HMTC was the best cultivation strategy for improving the microalgal biomass and HC was the best strategy for microalgal TAGs accumulation to produce biodiesel.     

Contamination characteristics of trace metals in dust from different levels of roads of a heavily air-polluted city in north China

Concentrations of eight trace metals (TMs) in road dust (RD) (particles?<?25 μm) from urban areas of Xinxiang, China, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The geometric mean concentrations of Zn, Mn, Pb, As, Cu, Cr, Ni and Cd were 489, 350, 114, 101, 60.0, 39.7, 31.6, and 5.1 mg kg^?1, respectively. When compared with TM levels in background soil, the samples generally display elevated TM concentrations, except for Cr and Mn, and for Cd the enrichment value was 69.6. Spatial variations indicated TMs in RD from park path would have similar sources with main roads, collector streets and bypasses. Average daily exposure doses of the studied TMs were about three orders of magnitude higher for hand-to-mouth ingestion than dermal contact, and the exposure doses for children were 9.33 times higher than that for adults. The decreasing trend of calculated hazard indexes (HI) for the eight elements was As?>?Pb?>?Cr?>?Mn?>?Cd?>?Zn?>?Ni?>?Cu for both children and adults.     

Protective effects of dietary betaine on intestinal barrier function and cecal microbial community in indigenous broiler chickens exposed to high temperature environment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - High temperature environment causes reduction in productivity in broilers by disrupting the intestinal barrier function. This study aimed to...     

Sulfate-enhanced degradation of Rhodamine B in the hydrogen peroxide/hydroxylamine system

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Hydroxyl radicals are commonly produced either by metal activation or by using external energy. However, the application of these methods is limited by low working...     

Electrocatalytic oxidation of ciprofloxacin by Co-Ce-Zr/γ-Al2O3 three-dimensional particle electrode

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, Co-Ce-Zr/γ-Al2O33 particle electrodes were prepared for the efficient degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). Co-Ce-Zr/γ-Al2O3...     

硅/铝掺杂纤铁矿的表面性质及对F-的吸附性能

纤铁矿是土壤中重要的活性矿物组分,常与硅、铝元素共存,对土壤污染物的迁移有重要的影响。采用氧化水解法制备了不掺杂和硅、铝掺杂的纤铁矿(分别记为Lep、Si-Lep、Al-Lep),通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、N2吸附/脱附、质子电位滴定等方法对样品进行表征和表面性质分析,并研究了3种样品对F~-的吸附性能。结果表明:与Lep相比,Si-Lep、Al-Lep的结晶度降低且铝掺杂显著抑制了纤铁矿向针铁矿转化。Lep、Si-Lep和Al-Lep的BET比表面积分别为25.37、28.18、32.51m2/g,孔体积、平均孔径和表面分形度均依次增大。Lep、Si-Lep和Al-Lep样品的电荷零点(pHPZC)依次为7.10、6.80、6.50;3种样品的表面羟基密度分别为0.33、0.32、0.36mmol/g。Lep、Si-Lep和Al-Lep对F~-的最大吸附量分别为6.58、7.32、9.88mg/g;与Lep相比,Si-Lep和Al-Lep对F~-的准二级动力学速率常数分别降低至0.013、0.014g/(mg·min);Si-Lep对F~-的吸附亲和力增大,而Al-Lep对F~-的吸附亲和力降低。     

Progress in the ecology and conservation of giant pandas

Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) conservation is a possible success story in the making. If extinction of this iconic endangered species can be avoided, the species will become a showcase program for the Chinese government and its collaborators. We reviewed the major advancements in ecological science for the giant panda, examining how these advancements have contributed to panda conservation. Pandas’ morphological and behavioral adaptations to a diet of bamboo, which bear strong influence on movement ecology, have been well studied, providing knowledge to guide management actions ranging from reserve design to climate change mitigation. Foraging ecology has also provided essential information used in the creation of landscape models of panda habitat. Because habitat loss and fragmentation are major drivers of the panda population decline, efforts have been made to help identify core habitat areas, establish where habitat corridors are needed, and prioritize areas for protection and restoration. Thus, habitat models have provided guidance for the Chinese governments’ creation of 67 protected areas. Behavioral research has revealed a complex and efficient communication system and documented the need for protection of habitat that serves as a communication platform for bringing the sexes together for mating. Further research shows that den sites in old‐growth forests may be a limiting resource, indicating potential value in providing alternative den sites for rearing offspring. Advancements in molecular ecology have been revolutionary and have been applied to population census, determining population structure and genetic diversity, evaluating connectivity following habitat fragmentation, and understanding dispersal patterns. These advancements form a foundation for increasing the application of adaptive management approaches to move panda conservation forward more rapidly. Although the Chinese government has made great progress in setting aside protected areas, future emphasis will be improved management of pandas and their habitat.     

Driver’s mental workload prediction model based on physiological indices

Developing an early warning model to predict the driver’s mental workload (MWL) is critical and helpful, especially for new or less experienced drivers. The present study aims to investigate the correlation between new drivers’ MWL and their work performance, regarding the number of errors. Additionally, the group method of data handling is used to establish the driver’s MWL predictive model based on subjective rating (NASA task load index [NASA-TLX]) and six physiological indices. The results indicate that the NASA-TLX and the number of errors are positively correlated, and the predictive model shows the validity of the proposed model with an R² value of 0.745. The proposed model is expected to provide a reference value for the new drivers of their MWL by providing the physiological indices, and the driving lesson plans can be proposed to sustain an appropriate MWL as well as improve the driver’s work performance.