全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10670篇 |
免费 | 874篇 |
国内免费 | 3800篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 1102篇 |
废物处理 | 563篇 |
环保管理 | 851篇 |
综合类 | 6658篇 |
基础理论 | 1747篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 2863篇 |
评价与监测 | 586篇 |
社会与环境 | 518篇 |
灾害及防治 | 454篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 46篇 |
2023年 | 224篇 |
2022年 | 621篇 |
2021年 | 600篇 |
2020年 | 603篇 |
2019年 | 473篇 |
2018年 | 534篇 |
2017年 | 616篇 |
2016年 | 549篇 |
2015年 | 649篇 |
2014年 | 808篇 |
2013年 | 1096篇 |
2012年 | 1010篇 |
2011年 | 975篇 |
2010年 | 767篇 |
2009年 | 714篇 |
2008年 | 712篇 |
2007年 | 696篇 |
2006年 | 582篇 |
2005年 | 405篇 |
2004年 | 296篇 |
2003年 | 323篇 |
2002年 | 294篇 |
2001年 | 241篇 |
2000年 | 233篇 |
1999年 | 240篇 |
1998年 | 197篇 |
1997年 | 182篇 |
1996年 | 163篇 |
1995年 | 104篇 |
1994年 | 113篇 |
1993年 | 78篇 |
1992年 | 55篇 |
1991年 | 38篇 |
1990年 | 24篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 547 毫秒
931.
为探讨PM_(2.5)(particulate matter 2.5)对人肺癌细胞A549迁移、侵袭能力的影响并探讨相关机制,采用含有不同浓度PM_(2.5)的无血清及抗生素培养液对A549细胞培养72 h,利用MTT法检测A549细胞的增殖抑制率。根据MTT实验结果,选择适当的PM_(2.5)暴露浓度用于后续实验,以细胞划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,transwell小室实验检测细胞迁移、侵袭能力,Western Blotting法检测细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)、转录因子snail和slug、基质金属蛋白酶-2(matrix metalloproteinase-2,MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)及胞核内β-链蛋白(β-catenin)的蛋白表达水平。结果显示:细胞划痕实验结果显示10μg·m L-1PM_(2.5)组A549细胞划痕创面愈合率为(46.34%±5.19%),与对照组比较显著增高(P<0.05);transwell小室法迁移和侵袭实验结果显示10μg·m L-1PM_(2.5)组穿膜细胞数平均为(165.67±6.62)个和(47.83±2.04)个,与对照组比较显著增多(P<0.05);Western Blotting实验结果显示PM_(2.5)(10μg·m L-1)可显著上调A549细胞cyclin D1、snail、slug、MMP-2、MMP-9和胞核内β-catenin蛋白表达水平。因此,PM_(2.5)可通过提高Wnt/β-catenin通路活性及其下游cyclin D1、snail、slug、MMP-2和MMP-9的蛋白表达而增强A549细胞的迁移、侵袭能力。 相似文献
932.
Yan Song Robert Olshansky Yang Zhang Yu Xiao 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(12):2192-2216
This article examines local recovery plans that were created in response to the Wenchuan earthquake and then suggests ways that planners can better apply the concept of sustainability to the recovery process. We utilize a plan evaluation protocol to analyze 16 recovery plans in counties and towns that were severely affected by the earthquake. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with public officials and planners, with the qualitative data gleaned from these interviews being used to supplement the plan quality assessment. The results reveal that local recovery plans do not appear to have incorporated sufficiently the concepts of sustainability. We conclude the paper with the following recommendations: emphasizing sustainability as a policy priority during vision and goal development; developing solid databases and planning techniques; designing a diversified set of regulatory- and incentive-based policy tools suitable for local governments; enhancing social and institutional learning; and further integrating multi-level and interagency governmental units. 相似文献
933.
934.
Yang Liu Martina G. Vijver Bo Pan Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2017,11(2):10
Observed effects of metal mixtures on animals and plants often differ from the estimates, which are commonly calculated by adding up the biological responses of individual metals. This difference from additivity is commonly referred to as being a consequence of specific interactions between metals. The science of how to quantify metal interactions and whether to include them in risk assessment models is in its infancy. This review summarizes the existing predictive tools for evaluating the combined toxicity of metals present in mixtures and indicates the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We intend to provide eco-toxicologists with background information on how to make good use of the tools and how to advance the methods for assessing toxicity of metal mixtures. It is concluded that statistically significant deviations from additivity are not necessarily biologically relevant. Incorporation of interactions between metals in a model does not on forehand mean that the model is more accurate than a model developed based on additivity only. It is recommended to first use a relatively simple method for effect prediction of uninvestigated metal mixtures. To improve the reliability of toxicity modeling for metal mixtures, further efforts should focus on balancing the relationship between the significance of statistics and the biological meaning, and unraveling the toxicity mechanisms of metals and their mixtures.
相似文献
935.
Ana S. Vaz Christoph Kueffer Christian A. Kull David M. Richardson Stefan Schindler A. Jesús Muñoz-Pajares Joana R. Vicente João Martins Cang Hui Ingolf Kühn João P. Honrado 《Ambio》2017,46(4):428-442
Interdisciplinarity is needed to gain knowledge of the ecology of invasive species and invaded ecosystems, and of the human dimensions of biological invasions. We combine a quantitative literature review with a qualitative historical narrative to document the progress of interdisciplinarity in invasion science since 1950. Our review shows that 92.4% of interdisciplinary publications (out of 9192) focus on ecological questions, 4.4% on social ones, and 3.2% on social–ecological ones. The emergence of invasion science out of ecology might explain why interdisciplinarity has remained mostly within the natural sciences. Nevertheless, invasion science is attracting social–ecological collaborations to understand ecological challenges, and to develop novel approaches to address new ideas, concepts, and invasion-related questions between scholars and stakeholders. We discuss ways to reframe invasion science as a field centred on interlinked social–ecological dynamics to bring science, governance and society together in a common effort to deal with invasions. 相似文献
936.
Yang-ying Zhao Fan-xin Kong Zhi Wang Hong-wei Yang Xiao-mao Wang Yuefeng F. Xie T. David Waite 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2017,11(6):20
This study was conducted to assess the merits and limitations of various high-pressure membranes, tight nanofiltration (NF) membranes in particular, for the removal of trace organic compounds (TrOCs). The performance of a low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) membrane (ESPA1), a tight NF membrane (NF90) and two loose NF membranes (HL and NF270) was compared for the rejection of 23 different pharmaceuticals (PhACs). Efforts were also devoted to understand the effect of adsorption on the rejection performance of each membrane. Difference in hydrogen bond formation potential (HFP) was taken into consideration. Results showed that NF90 performed similarly to ESPA1 with mean rejection higher than 95%. NF270 outperformed HL in terms of both water permeability and PhAC rejection higher than 90%. Electrostatic effects were more significant in PhAC rejection by loose NF membranes than tight NF and LPRO membranes. The adverse effect of adsorption on rejection by HL and ESPA1 was more substantial than NF270 and NF90, which could not be simply explained by the difference in membrane surface hydrophobicity, selective layer thickness or pore size. The HL membrane had a lower rejection of PhACs of higher hydrophobicity (log D>0) and higher HFP (>0.02). Nevertheless, the effects of PhAC hydrophobicity and HFP on rejection by ESPA1 could not be discerned. Poor rejection of certain PhACs could generally be explained by aspects of steric hindrance, electrostatic interactions and adsorption. High-pressure membranes like NF90 and NF270 have a high promise in TrOC removal from contaminated water. 相似文献
937.
The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with a high fraction of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) and 3-hydroxy-2-methylvalerate (3H2MV) from mixed culture enriched by valerate-dominant hydrolysate was evaluated in this study. After long-term enrichment, the culture showed strong ability to synthesize 3HV and 3H2MV, even with acetate-dominant substrate. The ultilization of single or mixed iso-/n-valerate by the enriched culture showed that the mixture of iso-valerate and n-valerate was more efficient substrate than any single in terms of balancing microbial growth and PHAs synthesis. Besides, through comparing the kinetics and stoichiometry of the tests supplying valerate and propionate, the enriched culture with equivalent valerate and propionate (1:1 molar ratio) exhibited superior PHAs production performances to pure valerate or propionate, attaining more than 70 mol% of 3HVand 3H2MV. The above findings reveal that valerate-dominant hydrolysate is a kind of suitable substrate to enrich PHAs producing culture with great capability to synthesize 3HV and 3H2MV monomers, thus improving product properties than pure poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB); also 3HV and 3H2MV production behaviors can be regulated by the type of odd-carbon VFAs in the substrate. 相似文献
938.
Xinmou Wu Minqing Liang Zhao Yang Min Su Bin Yang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(31):24201-24206
Increasingly, epidemiological evidences indicate chemosynthetic perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), an environmental pollutant, induces potential adverse effect on human health after long-term exposure. However, less study has been performed for assessment of acute effect of PFOA exposure on metabolic homeostasis. In experimental designs, PFOA-exposed liver cells in vivo and in vitro were used to discuss underlying mechanism related to PFOA-induced metabolic dysfunction. In serological tests, PFOA-exposed mice showed increased treads of liver functional enzymes in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and total bilirubin (T-BIL), trypsinase, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and insulin, while blood glucose, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and glucagon levels were reduced. In histocytological observations, PFOA-exposed liver showed visible cytoplasmic vesicles, and intact pancreatic islets were observed in PFOA-exposed pancreas. Additionally, increased insulin-positive cells and reduced glucagon-positive cells were detected in PFOA-exposed islets. As shown in immunoassays, PFOA-exposed liver resulted in elevations of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-labeled cells and CD36 protein. In mouse liver cell study, PFOA-exposed cells showed increased cell apoptotic count, and increased phosphorylated levels of Bcl-2 and Bad in the cells. Furthermore, PFOA-exposed liver cells exhibited elevations of CD36-labeled cells and CD36 protein. Taken together, the present data demonstrate that acute exposure to PFOA-impaired liver function is associated with inducting CD36 expression and apoptosis, as well as disrupting key hormones in the pancreas. 相似文献
939.
Jian Yang Hui Sun Yu Qian Jie Yang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(22):18160-18167
During ovary maturation of crabs, vitellogenin (Vg), a precursor molecule of vitellin (Vn) needed for embryogenesis, can be produced in large quantities in the hepatopancreas and then transported to the ovary by the hemolymph. In the present study, effects of Cd on Vg accumulation in the hepatopancreas and Vg transportation of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense were investigated. We also studied the impacts of Cd on the mRNA expression of genes involved in energy metabolism, protein metabolism, and metallothionein (MT) and glutathione (GSH) synthesis. After Cd treatment, the Vg concentration and the Vg mRNA expression in the hepatopancreas were downregulated. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that the Vg level in the hepatopancreas correlated positively with those of the ovary and hemolymph (correlation coefficients 0.844 and 0.749, respectively), suggesting that the Vg transport from the hepatopancreas to the ovary can be impaired by Cd. The levels of carbohydrate and protein in the hepatopancreas of Cd-exposed crabs were decreased, and an inhibited protein metabolism was also observed. Energy production related isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome C oxidase mRNA expressions, and MT and GSH synthesis increased after 10 days of Cd treatment and decreased after 20 days. Cd also caused a time-dependent upregulation of malondialdehyde. Our findings showed that Cd decreased Vg accumulation in the hepatopancreas due to partially excessive energy consumption and an activated defense system in the hepatopancreas, suggesting a possible regulatory mechanism in S. henanense which is the competitive advantage of energy reserves in metabolic Cd stress responses over the high-energy flux during vitellogenesis to ensure a continuous supply of metabolic energy. Moreover, the damage of Vg accumulation in the hepatopancreas caused by Cd could lead to an insufficient accumulation of Vn in the ovary and cause a retardation of oocyte development. 相似文献
940.
Tang Lin Luo Weijun Chen Weikang He Zhenli Gurajala Hanumanth Kumar Hamid Yasir Deng Meihua Yang Xiaoe 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(23):19293-19305
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phytoremediation coupled with crop rotation (PCC) is a feasible strategy for remediation of contaminated soil without interrupting crop production.... 相似文献