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751.
为研究有机氯农药在食物中的残留及人群的摄食暴露,在2015年5月采集了南京市居民普遍食用的10种蔬菜,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行检测。研究表明滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs)在蔬菜中均有检出,∑DDTs的残留量为1.78~5.29 ng·g~(-1),∑HCHs的残留量为0.21~4.77 ng·g~(-1),其中∑10OCPs(有机氯农药)含量最高的蔬菜是藕(10.07 ng·g~(-1)),含量最低的是青菜(2.32 ng·g~(-1))。通过来源分析发现,蔬菜中DDTs可能有新的输入,而HCHs则主要源于历史残留。通过对不同人群的每日摄取量(EDI)进行摄食暴露分析发现,儿童的摄食暴露量要高于同性别其他年龄段人群,在儿童和未成年阶段,男性的暴露量普遍高于女性,而在成年和老年阶段,男性的暴露量低于女性。平均而言,各年龄段人群对γ-HCH和DDTs的日均口摄暴露量(EDI)值远低于联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)所规定的ADI值,表明在目前蔬菜消费量下,南京市居民通过摄入蔬菜引起的健康风险水平较低。 相似文献
752.
采用物种敏感度排序法(SSR)对我国铅的淡水水生生物安全基准进行推导,并以太湖为例进行了流域水生生物安全基准推导。对于难以获得的本土生物毒性数据,开展了相应的毒性试验。获得了我国国家与太湖流域铅的水生生物安全基准值,基准最大浓度(CMC)分别为63.92、104.26μg·L-1,基准连续浓度(CCC)分别为1.21、4.06μg·L-1。同时,对我国主要河流以及太湖流域进行了铅的生态风险评价,联合概率曲线法显示影响5%水生生物种类的概率分别为66.22%和43.19%,熵值法则显示中国主要河流存在较大的铅暴露风险,因此,我国铅的潜在生态风险较大,主要河流与太湖流域存在铅污染问题。 相似文献
753.
Jiachuang Shao Penghui Shao Mingming Peng Min Li Ziwei Yao Xiuqin Xiong Caiting Qiu Yufan Zheng Liming Yang Xubiao Luo 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(3):33
754.
755.
神经网络及其在水库调洪演算中的应用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
结合洪水灾害管理的特点建立了水库调洪演算的人工神经网络模型,阐述了其基本原理及算法,并结合某水库调洪演算实例说明了其应用。 相似文献
756.
The concentrations, distribution and sources of PAHs in agricultural soils and vegetables from Shunde, Guangdong, China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Li YT Li FB Chen JJ Yang GY Wan HF Zhang TB Zeng XD Liu JM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,139(1-3):61-76
The concentrations, distribution and sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 30 agricultural
soil and 16 vegetable samples collected from subtropical Shunde area, an important manufacturing center in China. The total
PAHs ranged from 33.7 to 350 μg/kg in soils, and 82 to 1,258 μg/kg in vegetables. The most abundant individual PAHs are phenanthrene,
fluoranthene, chrysene, pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene for soil samples, and anthracene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene
and chrysene for vegetable samples. Average vegetable–soil ratios of total PAHs were 2.20 for leafy vegetables and 1.27 for
fruity vegetables. Total PAHs in vegetable samples are not significantly correlated to those in corresponding soil samples.
Principal component analyses were conducted to distinguish samples on basis of their distribution in each town, soil type
and vegetable specie. Relatively abundant soil PAHs were found in town Jun’an, Beijiao, Chencun, Lecong and Ronggui, while
abundant vegetable PAHs were observed in town Jun’an, Lecong, Xingtan, Daliang and Chenchun. The highest level of total PAHs
were found in vegetable soil, followed by pond sediment and “stacked soil” on pond banks. The PAHs contents in leafy vegetables
are higher than those in fruity vegetables. Some PAH compound ratios suggest the PAHs derived from incomplete combustion of
petroleum, coal and refuse from power generation and ceramic manufacturing, and paint spraying on furniture, as well as sewage
irrigation from textile industries. Soil PAHs contents have significant logarithmic correlation with total organic carbon,
which demonstrates the importance of soil organic matter as sorbent to prevent losses of PAHs. 相似文献
757.
广西不同石漠化等级下SPAC水势梯度及其环境效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以野外观测为基础,对广西不同石漠化等级(无石漠化、轻度石漠化、中度石漠化和重度石漠化)下土壤-植被-大气连续体(Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum,简称SPAC)系统中的水势日变化、气象因子日变化过程进行了研究。结果表明:随着石漠化程度的增加,大气水势降低,大气水势对不同石漠化程度的反应敏感。岩溶区石漠化等级下植物和土壤水势较低,不同石漠化条件下的植物叶水势在-7.79±0.43~-2.68±0.11 Mpa之间,土壤水势在-4.00±0~-0.08±0.04 Mpa之间,重度石漠化等级下植物处于萎蔫状态。植物在正午受到的水分亏缺程度为:重度石漠化中度石漠化无石漠化轻度石漠化。无石漠化下植物叶片水势与大气温度呈正相关关系,与大气相对湿度呈负相关关系,轻度石漠化、中度石漠化和重度石漠化下植物叶片水势与大气温度呈负相关关系,与大气相对湿度呈正相关关系。水分在SPAC系统中运移,其能量消耗主要集中在叶片-大气的过程。叶-气水势差差值大小为:中度石漠化重度石漠化轻度石漠化无石漠化。随着石漠化程度的增加,SPAC水势梯度提高,各介质层水势差的增大,提高了水分循环和能量交换的强度。 相似文献
758.
The formation of toxic nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs), such as nitrosamines, halonitromethanes and haloacetonitriles, from reactions between chlorine/chloramine and dissolved organic nitrogen in drinking water has caused great concern with regarding public health. This study revealed the occurrence of 17 aliphatic amines, some of which have been confirmed to be the precursors of N-DBPs, in source water across China. A sensitive method based on benzenesulfonyl chloride derivatization and liquid-liquid extraction followed by GC-MS analysis was established for the simultaneous analysis of the selected amines in aqueous samples. In total, 37 source water samples from the capital cities of 20 provinces were collected for the survey. Among the 17 amines, 14 were detected with an average frequency of detection of 36%. The most relevant amines in terms of frequency and maximum concentrations detected were dimethylamine (100%, 24.82 μg/L), methylamine (78%, 0.92 μg/L), N-methylethylamine (70%, 8.84 μg/L), propylamine (59%, 10.69 μg/L), diethylamine (54%, 3.76 μg/L), N-methylbutylamine (35%, 3.07 μg/L), N-ethylpropylamine (35%, 0.52 μg/L), and piperidine (32%, 2.35 μg/L). This is the first large scale survey of the aliphatic amines occurrence in source water in the world. The wide presence of nitrosamine precursors like dimethylamine, N-methylethylamine and diethylamine, and the precursors of haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes like methylamine and propylamine suggests that better source water management is required to ensure the safety of drinking water. 相似文献
759.
760.
Yangtze River Delta(YRD) area is one of the important economic zones in China. However,this area faces increasing environmental problems. In this study, we use ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS) network in Eastern China to retrieve variations of NO_2, SO_2, and formaldehyde(HCHO) in the YRD area. Three cities of YRD(Hefei, Nanjing, and Shanghai) were selected for long-term observations. This paper presents technical performance and characteristics of instruments, their distribution in YRD, and results of vertical column densities(VCDs) and profiles of NO_2, SO_2, and HCHO.Average diurnal variations of tropospheric NO_2 and SO_2 in different seasons over the three stations yielded minimum values at noon or in the early afternoon, whereas tropospheric HCHO reached the maximum during midday hours. Slight reduction of the pollutants in weekends occurred in all the three sites. In general trace gas concentrations gradually reduced from Shanghai to Hefei. Tropospheric VCDs of NO_2, SO_2, and HCHO were compared with those from Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI) satellite observations, resulting in R~2 of 0.606, 0.5432, and 0.5566, respectively. According to analysis of regional transports of pollutants, pollution process happened in YRD under the north wind with the pollution dissipating in the southeast wind. The feature is significant in exploring transport of tropospheric trace gas pollution in YRD, and provides basis for satellite and model validation. 相似文献