臭氧氧化—湿式钙法吸收工艺对烟气的同时脱硫脱硝

采用臭氧氧化—湿式钙法吸收工艺对模拟烟气进行同时脱硫脱硝处理。O₃于150 ℃下具有较高的热稳定性,可将NO氧化为高价态氮氧化物,且NO氧化率随n（O₃）∶n（NO）的增大而逐渐提高。烟气中SO₂和H₂O的存在对NO氧化率的影响不大。O₃对SO₂的氧化率较低,约为5%。3%（w）石灰石浆液对SO₂的吸收率接近100%,NO_x吸收率随n（O₃）∶n（NO）的增大而逐渐提高,当n（O₃）∶n（NO）为1.6时NO_x吸收率可达约65%。SO₂能促进吸收液对NO_x的脱除。石灰石浆液中加入0.2%（w）的（NH₄）₂SO₃或Na₂SO₃后NO_x吸收率可达约85%或82%,且吸收率随添加剂加入量的增加而提高,添加（NH₄）₂SO₃的NO_x吸收率略高于添加Na₂SO₃。     

合肥市臭氧及其前体物污染特征及源解析

利用合肥市臭氧和VOCs连续观测数据分析了合肥市臭氧及其前体物污染特征,并使用NAQPMS模型研究了合肥市不同季节臭氧来源情况。结果表明:O₃已经成为影响合肥市环境质量的主要污染因子,O₃高值区主要集中在5—6月和9月。合肥市大气VOCs中烷烃含量最丰富,其次是烯烃、芳香烃和炔烃;主要物种为乙烷、丙烷、乙炔、正戊烷、乙烯、环戊烷、异戊烷、正丁烷、异丁烷和甲苯。合肥市O₃生成主要受VOCs控制,其中,烯烃是合肥市O₃生成贡献最大的关键活性组分,乙烯的OFP贡献率居首位。合肥市不同季节O₃来源差异较大,其中,本地排放是主要来源,夏季占比为50%,其余季节占比为30%~45%,O₃存在跨省长距离输送特征,主导风向的变化是造成合肥市臭氧来源季节性变化的重要因素。     

Diurnal and spatial variations of soil NOx fluxes in the northern steppe of China

NO_x emissions from biogenic sources in soils play a significant role in the gaseous loss of soil nitrogen and consequent changes in tropospheric chemistry. In order to investigate the characteristics of NO_x fluxes and factors influencing these fluxes in degraded sandy grasslands in northern China, diurnal and spatial variations of NO_x fluxes were measured in situ. A dynamic flux chamber method was used at eight sites with various vegetation coverages and soil types in the northern steppe of China in the summer season of 2010. Fluxes of NO_x from soils with plant covers were generally higher than those in the corresponding bare vegetation-free soils, indicating that the canopy plays an important role in the exchange of NO_x between soil and air. The fluxes of NO_x increased in the daytime, and decreased during the nighttime, with peak emissions occurring between 12:00 and 14:00. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the diurnal variation of NO_x fluxes was positively correlated with soil temperature (P < 0.05) and negatively with soil moisture content (P < 0.05). Based on measurement over a season, the overall variation in NO_x flux was lower than that of soil nitrogen contents, suggesting that the gaseous loss of N fromthe grasslands of northern China was not a significant contributor to the high C/N in the northern steppe of China. The concentration of NO_x emitted from soils in the region did not exceed the 1-hr National Ambient Air Quality Standard (0.25 mg/m³).     

郑州市PM2.5组分、来源及其演变特征

为探究郑州市PM_2.5主要来源以及季节差异特征,本研究于2019年进行PM_2.5周期采样,并分析PM_2.5中的无机水溶性离子、碳组分和元素浓度.结果表明,郑州市2019年采样膜样品的PM_2.5平均浓度为（67.0±37.2）μg·m^-3,冬季浓度最高,夏季最低.PM_2.5中主要组分依次为：硝酸根、铵根、硫酸根、有机物（OM）、地壳物质和元素碳,春秋季节受地壳物质影响较大,夏季主要受硫酸盐影响,冬季有机物与硝酸盐浓度显著增高.二次转化是硫酸盐和硝酸盐的主要来源,夏季受光化学反应贡献显著,冬季受高湿条件下的液相反应影响明显.NO₃^-/SO₄^2-和OC/EC的值表明郑州市PM_2.5受汽车尾气排放、煤炭燃烧以及生物质燃烧影响较大.源解析结果表明,2019年二次源贡献最高（49.8%）,其中在冬季贡献达到56.5%;一次源中,扬尘在春季（15.2%）和秋季（11.4%）占比略高,机动车源在夏季贡献最大（12.3%）,冬季受燃煤源影响较大（13.2%）.2014~2019年郑州市PM_2.5受二次源影响逐年升高;工业源、生物质燃烧源和燃煤源整体呈下降趋势.     

以经济学实验研究处罚机制对排污收费政策执行的影响

为研究处罚机制对排污收费政策执行效果的影响,建立了排污收费政策下风险中性企业的最优决策模型,设计了经济学实验.采用数据统计、线性随机效应模型、单因素不等重复实验方差分析等方法分析实验数据,验证了该模型得出的假设.结果表明,边际处罚期望对于企业的违法量和排放量决策均有显著负影响;企业边际减排成本对于企业的排放量决策有显著正影响,对于违法量决策没有显著影响;相同边际处罚期望下,监测频率越高,企业的服从率越高,且在边际处罚期望较高时,更为明显.因此,提高边际处罚期望可同时改善企业违法行为与促进企业减排.同时,为降低执行成本,在边际处罚期望较低时,可首先将线性罚款向梯级罚款转变.当边际处罚期望上升到较高水平时,则应注重监测频率的提高,并应重点监控那些排污量大而不是边际减排成本高的企业.     

淮南煤矿区地表水和地下水水化学特征及控制因素

为厘清淮南矿区地表水和地下水水化学特征和控制因素,采集115组地下水和30组地表水样品,基于数理统计、 Piper三线图、 Gibbs图、矿物稳定场图和离子比例系数等方法,分析了淮南煤矿区地表水和地下水的水文地球化学特征,研究了其水化学特征演变规律.结果表明,淮南煤矿区地下水和地表水呈弱碱性,地表水和地下水中优势阴阳离子为HCO^-₃、 Ca⁺和Na⁺.HCO₃-Ca型和HCO₃-Ca·Na·Mg型为地表水和地下水的主要水化学类型.地下水和地表水的水化学特征主要受岩石风化作用控制,阳离子交替吸附和蒸发对其有一定的促进作用.水岩作用以硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物的溶解为主,碳酸盐岩的溶解制约Ca²⁺、 Mg²⁺和HCO^-₃等离子的变化.地表水和地下水中Cl^-、 SO₄^2-、 NO^-₃     

核废物的来源、特性与分类原则的研讨

本文阐述了核废物的产生，特性和环境影响；对核废物的分类，处理和处置原则进行了讨论。     

Productive utilization of pig farm wastes: a case study for developing countries

This paper presents a case study on pig farm waste management in which pig manure is stabilized in two-stage anaerobic reactors (to produce methane), while pig farm wastewater is treated in water hyacinth ponds from which the harvested water hyacinth plants are used in the production of silage (animal feed) or compost fertilizer. The results suggest the technical feasibility of applying these technologies to treat and recycle pig farm wastes. Cost/benefit analysis reveals the option to produce methane gas and silage to be financially viable after 15 years of operation. A management concept of waste recycling programs is presented, including relationships among objectives, constraints and implementation plan. Decision on a waste recycling program should not be based only on cost/benefit analysis, but also on the pollution control and public health improvement to be gained.     

五氯酚对环境污染及居民健康影响研究

中国长期以来使用五氯酚纳盐杀灭亡血吸虫的中间宿主──—钉螺．为评价它对环境的污染及居民健康危害，１９９０－１９９３年在我省开展了五氯酚环境污染及对居民健康影响研究．在研究区采集环境样品（空气、水体、土壤及底泥、蔬菜、肉、蛋、鱼等）共１７３份；生物材料（人血、尿）共４５７份，分析五氯酚浓度．结果在明，在五氯酚使用区，环境中ＰＣＰ浓度稍高于对照区，而生物材料尿、血中ＰＣＰ浓度明显高于对照区．全血胆碱脂酶活性用药区明显低于对照区，统计学分析有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００１），证实了长期低剂量使用可造成环境及生物蓄积．     

鞍山市城市综合防灾研究实施方案和系统框图

该项研究的实施方案强调实干、真干和适当超前,研究的目标是建立鞍山市城市综合防灾智能辅助决策系统,为发展建设和减轻灾害服务。