Characteristics of geological hazards in South China coastal areas and impact on regional sustainable development

Prevention and treatment of geological hazards is important for the sustainable development of human society. Surface geological hazards alone caused direct economic losses of ¥3.47 billion, with 768 deaths and 785 injuries in Guangdong Province, South China, from 1994 to 2005. The major factors causing geological hazards can be categorised into three types: geo-environmental, climatic-meteorological and human activity. Accompanied by rapid economic development and population growth, human activities can cause geological hazards that are as serious as those caused by natural factors. The authors propose some suggestions for prevention and treatment of geological hazards to achieve sustainable development on the Chinese coast.     

Different responses of photosynthesis and flow cytometric signals to iron limitation and nitrogen source in coastal and oceanic Synechococcus strains (Cyanophyceae)

Iron plays an important role in marine primary productivity, and Synechococcus species as major contributors to the total photosynthetic biomass in the world’s oceans might be limited by iron supply in some regions. The present study aimed to compare the photosynthesis and flow cytometric signals of four Synechococcus strains grown under different iron concentrations with either nitrate or ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. Two oceanic strains were much more sensitive to iron limitation than two coastal strains. The inhibition of iron limitation on the growth, maximal PSII photochemical yield, maximal rate of relative electron transport and photochemical quenching of the two oceanic strains was higher than for their coastal counterparts. Under iron limitation condition, the connectivity factor between individual photosynthetic units (ρ) increased for the two coastal strains, while decreased for the two oceanic strains. Furthermore, iron limitation accelerated the Q _A re-oxidation of the two oceanic strains and the PQ pool re-oxidation of the two coastal strains. Under iron limitation condition, the cell size of the two coastal strains and intracellular pigment concentrations of the two oceanic strains decreased, while the side light scatter/front light scatter (SS/FS) ratio of the two coastal strains increased. In contrast to iron limitation, nitrogen source only marginally affected the photosynthesis of the four Synechococcus strains. Ammonium enhanced the growth of the two coastal strains under iron-replete condition. For the two oceanic strains, ammonium increased their cell size and decreased their SS/FS ratio and intracellular pigment concentrations under iron-deplete and iron-replete conditions.     

经典化学法结合pH/ORP自控系统处理电镀废水的工程应用

电镀废水是我国三大工业污染废水之一,该废水污染严重、水质复杂、水量大。针对该废水的特点,实行清污分流,各类废水先预处理再综合处理的原则,并采用经典化学法结合pH/ORP自控系统处理技术,废水经处理后可达GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准。     

沈阳地区霾的环境特征研究

利用沈阳市1961—2009年的气象资料,分析了霾天气出现的年季特征及其天气形势特征。利用边界层气象资料与污染物质量浓度资料对特定的霾过程从边界层到污染物质量浓度条件进行了分析。结果表明：沈阳地区霾的出现呈现逐年上升的趋势,近5 a平均每年为120 d左右,目前霾天数已经占到了全年的30%~40%。冬秋季节出现霾天气较多,秋冬两季霾日数占全年霾日总数的75%。凌晨到上午是霾出现的高发期,02—08时霾出现频率占总霾数的44.5%。霾的出现主要发生在冬秋季节冷空气势力不强,大气扩散能力较弱,边界层出现逆温时刻。接地逆温层厚度常常稳定在200~300 m高度左右,PM10质量浓度与能见度（霾）呈负相关,相关系数-0.402 7。风速与能见度（霾）呈正相关,相关系数为0.886 4。     

警用防暴装备的研究进展及应用分析

在警员执法过程中,来自刀具、钝器等器材的暴力伤害无处不在。防暴装备作为一种重要的警用防护器材是保护警员的重要手段。本文对各类防暴装备的相关标准和研究进展进行了介绍,分析和比较了各类防暴装备的防暴机理及防暴性能,阐述了各类防暴装备的应用范围,最后对防暴装备的应用和研究提出了建议。     

软质防弹材料的发展

近年来,软质防弹材料发展非常迅猛,本文系统地分析了软质防弹材料的防弹机理及其影响因素,提出了防弹装备设计的关注点。     

驾驶员脑电模糊熵与酒后驾车交通事故倾向相关性研究

少数驾驶员适度饮酒后安全驾驶能力不降反升和不同人对酒精作用存在个体差异的事实表明:利用血液酒精浓度(BAC)判定酒后驾车行为的技术方案存在不足。为探索新型量化参数,结合酒后状态诱发试验和模拟驾驶测试,测取12位驾驶员不同程度饮酒后的脑电(EEG)和规范化交通事故倾向指标。结果发现:随着饮酒量的增加,驾驶员左额叶区EEG的瞬时复杂度和长时周期度都增加。结合模糊熵算法构造并计算EEG特征参数。相关性分析表明:在驾驶员从未饮酒到重度饮酒的过程中,其左额叶区EEG模糊熵和规范化事故倾向指标间的平均相关系数为0.76,二者正相关。因此,根据该模糊熵变化能判断其酒后安全驾驶能力的变化。     

典型进口废物循环利用技术园区投资建设模式研究

随着社会经济的快速发展、资源及原材料需求量的不断增加,以进口废物为原料进行加工利用的循环经济园区也随之蓬勃发展。循环经济产业园区建设过程中有投资巨大、资本回收周期长、投资主体众多的特点。在考虑经济效益的同时,也要统筹考虑社会效益和环境效益,因此选择何种投资建设模式来指导园区建设具有十分重大的意义。本文通过对国内三省的四个园区投资建设模式的调查研究,分析对比了不同投资建设模式的典型特征,总结概括了不同模式之间的优缺点,为同类园区的开发建设提供了有益参考。     

绥棱县城镇环境噪声变化趋势的研究

绥棱县环境监测站自1987年以来,每年对城镇环境噪声进行一次监测。经过多年监测,获得监测数据30多万个,通过对比得出：工业噪声源的影响在逐年变小,工业声源影响构成百分比由20年前的38%降至现在的20%,但局部地区对附近居民的影响依旧存在;随着城镇建设速度的加快,建筑施工噪声源的影响在逐年加大,施工声源构成百分比由20年前的2%增加到12%;随着交通运输业的发展,车流量的逐年增多,道路交通噪声污染在逐年加重,超标路段由20年前的13.7%上升到现在的32.3%;目前处于超标环境中的面积率和人口率分别为51.9%和69.2%,白天居民生活居住区和混合区噪声污染较重,夜间有三分之一居住混合区污染还很严重。     

苏北农房易损性分析研究

分析研究农村房屋易损性是防震减灾工作中必不可少的一部分.本文通过对苏北地区自然村民房的随机调查,分析其存在的问题,对其做出易损性的分析研究.苏北地区农房抗震性能总体水平较低.随着农村经济的发展和提高,应加强农村民居防震减灾工作指导,提高农村民居抗震能力.