砷锑钼蓝分光光度法快速测定水和废水中的微量砷

研究了砷锑钼三元杂多酸的形成条件及其还原产物的光度性质。结果表明：显色体系呈大吸收位于８６５ｕｍ处,ε＇（８６５）＝２．１×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ（－１）·ｃｍ（－１）。在室温下能稳定２４ｈ。砷量在０—４０μｇ／１０ｍｌ遵守比尔定律,ｒ＝０．９９９１。用丘氏定砷器使砷呈ＡｓＨ３逸出分离。     

石灰石脱硫反应动力学研究

用热重分析法（TGA）研究了石灰石脱硫反应特性,得出了影响氧化钙转化率的各种因素,包括反应温度、石灰石粒径、SO₂浓度和反应时间等。对反应机理进行分析并建立了反应动力学模型。     

植物激素“802”对凤眼莲耐寒及去污能力的影响

叶面喷施“802”能提高凤眼莲耐寒和去污能力,“802”的喷施浓度以100mg/l为宜。但“802”不能提高凤眼莲对水温的极端忍受限,水温低于5℃时风眼莲仍会死亡。     

凹凸棒石粘土吸附剂去除磷酸盐的研究

以天然凹凸棒石粘土为吸附剂,采用恒温振荡间歇式吸附处理方法,讨论磷酸盐去除特性。通过对粘土的热处理和表面处理,优化出加工凹凸棒石粘土为除磷吸附剂的适宜处理条件。即通过3 mol/L碱处理12h,并在300℃下灼烧2h可获得对磷酸盐的最佳处理效果。该吸附剂除磷的动力学和热力学性能可分别用扩散控制模式和稳定状态固定反应吸附等温式得到较好的描述,求得单分子层最大吸附量为8.62mg/g。      

用超滤技术评价絮凝法处理制浆废水最佳COD去除效果的探讨

利用超滤的分离特性剖析制浆洗漂废水及其絮凝上清液的COD的分子量分布,以探讨、评价絮凝法处理此类废水所能达到的最佳COD去除效果。研究结果表明,洗漂废水中MW>10000与MW<3000的物质是COD值的主要组成部分,占76％;COD最佳去除效果为70.3％。     

掺铁TiO2对庚烷气相光催化活性的研究

以乙酰丙酮铁和钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,制备掺铁TiO2复合光催化剂,以光催化降解正庚烷为反应模型,测定掺铁对TiO2光催化剂的结构、光吸收和光催化活性的影响．XRD的表征结果显示,焙烧温度升高,锐钛矿型TiO2转化成金红石型,且在700℃下有铁板钛矿生成;UV-Vis的结果表明,TiO2掺铁后增强了在可见光区的吸收,并且随着含铁量的增大,红移增大,提高了对可见光的利用率．相同掺铁量(Fe／Ti=0．07)下,500℃焙烧的光催化剂对庚烷的光催化降解活性最高,300℃次之,700℃最差．相同焙烧温度下,掺铁量在0．007-0．07范围内,光催化活性随掺杂量的增大而下降．     

环境水中灭多威的固相萃取和气相色谱测定

戌一炭固相萃取环境水中微量灭多威,然后用气相色谱法直接测定,方法简便、灵敏、准确。灭多威的检测限为０．２ｎｇ,水样中的了低检出浓度为０．２μｇ／Ｌ,平均加标回收率为９５．８－１００．７％,高、中、低３种浓度的变异系数均小于５％。     

综合评定苯并（a）芘低浓度污染有毒危险性的研究

在细胞遗传损伤和免疫功能综合指标中,观察对苯并（a）芘（BaP）敏感并适用于人群检测的指标。结果显示外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换（SCE）率与尿中BaP含量呈正相关;并在BP低于10μg/100M³的接触人群中观察到SCE率增高;血清IgG和补体C³与血中BaP含量呈负相关。以SCE率增高、IgG降低和尿中BaP负荷量增高综合评定BaP污染的有危毒险性有应用前景,饮用中华猕猴桃饮料,有助于SCE率增高的恢复和体内BaP的排出。     

Detection of phosphorus species in sediments of artificial landscape lakes in China by fractionation and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Phosphorus (P) pollution in the sediments of seven artificial landscape lakes was studied via fractionation and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P NMR) spectroscopy. The lake sediments accumulated significant amounts of P from supplementation with reclaimed water and from runoff from the golf course lawns. The differences in total sediment P among lakes were correlated to the varied pollution extent from the lawns. One striking feature of the artificial lake sediments was the insufficiency of NaOH-extracted Al, which plays an important role in avoiding internal P release during anoxia. Another characteristic was the dominance of orthophosphate in the NaOH-EDTA extractants of the sediments, due to the heavy external P pollution. Phytate, considered prevalent in many soils and lake sediments, as well as polyphosphates and phosphonates which have appeared in some natural lake sediments, was not detected. The rank order of present biogenic P species was monoester-P>DNA-P>pyrophosphate>lipid-P.     

Competitive biodegradation of dichlobenil and atrazine coexisting in soil amended with a char and citrate

The role of char nutrients in the biodegradation of coexisting dichlobenil and atrazine in a soil by their respective bacterial degraders, DDN and ADP, was evaluated. Under growing conditions, their degradation in soil extract was slow with <40% and <20% degraded within 64 h, respectively. The degradation in extracts and slurries of char-amended solids increased with increasing char content, due to nutritional stimulation on microbial activities. By supplementing soil extract with various major nutrients, the measured degradation demonstrated that P was the exclusive limiting nutrient. The reduction in the degradation of coexisting dichlobenil and atrazine resulted apparently from the competitive utilization of P by DDN and ADP. With a shorter lag phase, ADP commenced growing earlier than DDN with the advantage of utilizing P first in insufficient supply. This resulted in an inhibition on the growth of DDN and thus suppression on dichlobenil degradation.