潜流式人工湿地净化农村生活污水特性研究

试验结果表明组合基质人工湿地在水力负荷较小时表现出较高的有机物和氮磷去除效率,当水力负荷提高后去除率明显降低,而煤渣基质人工湿地在低水力负荷时去除率相对较低,但对水力负荷的变化有较好的抗冲击能力。人工湿地的前端对有机物去除的贡献率在50%以上。     

常温条件下UASB+SBR工艺处理甲胺、甲醇废水试验研究

甲胺、甲醇及其产品均具有较强的毒性和危险性,因此含甲胺的废水须经一定处理达标后才能排放.以山东肥城某化工厂含甲胺、甲醇混合(体积比1∶1)废水.在常温条件下,采用厌氧 好氧(UASB SBR)2级串联组合工艺进行处理.该甲胺,甲醇混合废水呈酸性,COD浓度较高.其BOD与COD比值为0.64.可生化性良好.试验中调整、控制UASB和SBR反应器的各运行参数,通过检测处理效果比较得出该工艺在常温条件下处理该化工废水的最佳运行参数值.试验结果表明UASB在常温下运行81d,启动基本完成.UASB最佳水力停留时间为24h整个工艺对COD有机物有一定的去除效果,COD平均去除率为68.14%;系统的TN去除效率较为稳定.平均去除率可达72.3%.出水TN浓度在16.56mg/L以下;系统有一定的抗冲击负荷能力,但不是很强;系统有一定的耐低温性,低温环境下(9.0～14.2'C.平均为12.3℃)系统COD平均去除率为55.80%,UASB反应器未发生酸化现象.     

四川地区高含硫化氨气田钻完井风险因素分析

通过对川东北地区钻完井事故资料的统计,分析了影响高含硫化氢气田钻完井安全的主要风险因素。     

人水和谐理念下城市河涌整治的环境社会学思考

导致城市河涌污染和不健康的因素众多,不仅具有生态学的根源,而且还具有社会学的根源。河涌整治已经成为许多城市环境治理的重点。文章依据环境社会学的理论和人水和谐的理念,分析当前河涌整治的模式及优缺点,重点探讨政府、企业、市民、传媒等利益相关者在城市水环境污染与治理中的角色、作用以及相互之间的互动与整合,为城市河涌综合整治建立长效社会机制提供依据。     

职业安全亟待立法保障

立法重心:从劳动安全到生产安全? 1981年,我国的《劳动安全卫生法》(《劳动保护法》)进入正式起草阶段,与之同步的有《劳动安全监察条例》.此前,《女职工劳动保护条例》、《矿山安全卫生法》已完成起草呈报国务院.鉴于《矿山安全卫生法》已完成起草,当时,国家劳动总局考虑起草《工厂安全卫生法》;后来,为了避免一事多法,国务院决定将几部法律法规合并,法名改为《劳动安全卫生法》(《劳动保护法》),由国家劳动总局牵头,化工部、冶金部、煤炭部、农业部、轻工部、全总等12个部门的负责人组成了起草领导小组.     

Seasonal variation effects on the formation of trihalomethane during chlorination of water from Yangtze River and associated cancer risk assessment

For the system of water samples collected from Yangtze River,the effects of seasonal variation and Fe(III) concentrations on the formation and distribution of trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorination have been investigated.The corresponding lifetime cancer risk of the formed THMs to human beings was estimated using the parameters and procedure issued by the US EPA.The results indicated that the average concentration of THMs (100.81 μg/L) in spring was significantly higher than that in other seasons,which ...     

Catalytic oxidation of gas-phase elemental mercury by nano-Fe2O3

Heterogeneous oxidation of gas-phase Hg0 by nano-Fe2O3 was investigated on a fixed bed reactor, and the e ects of oxygen concentration, bed temperature, water vapour concentration and particle size have been discussed. The results showed that Hg0 could be oxidized by active oxygen atom on the surface of nano-Fe2O3 as well as lattice oxygen in nano-Fe2O3. Among the factors that a ect Hg0 oxidation by nano-Fe2O3, bed temperature plays an important role. More than 40% of total mercury was oxidized at 300°C, however, the test temperature at 400°C could cause sintering of nano-catalyst, which led to a lower e ciency of Hg0 oxidation. The increase of oxygen concentration could promote mercury oxidation and led to higher Hg0 oxidation e ciency. No obvious mercury oxidation was detected in the pure N2 atmosphere, which indicates that oxygen is required in the gas stream for mercury oxidation. The presence of water vapour showed di erent e ects on mercury oxidation depending on its concentration. The lower content of water vapour could promote mercury oxidation, while the higher content of water vapour inhibits mercury oxidation.     

氮形态对人工湿地氮去除效果的影响

采用水平潜流人工湿地处理TN质量浓度为20～25 mgL,氮形态分别以NH4+-N,NO3--N和有机氮为主的生活污水,分析了氮形态时人工湿地N去除效果的影响.试验结果显示:相应的TN去除率分别为47.2%,71.6%和33.1%.表明人工湿地主要适用于水的深度处理,实现污水中N的无机化特别是将N转化为NO3--N,可显著提高人工湿地的N去除效果.     

海岸带生态环境基础质量遥感评价研究——以上海南汇东滩为例

基于遥感信息获取技术,以上海南汇东滩为例,建立了海岸带生态环境基础质量遥感评价指标体系,对城市生态环境遥感评价模型增加海洋专家打分权重进行改进,并开发海岸带生态环境评价的信息管理工具,实现了研究区生态环境遥感多个年份的定量评价,分析研究区生态环境质量变化原因,为构建更好的海岸带管理决策支持系统,从而更好地管理海岸带资源...