pH敏感性β-环糊精微球的制备及其吸附性能

采用反相微悬浮乳液聚合技术制备了β-环糊精(β-CD)微球,用丁二酸酐对β-CD微球进行化学改性,制备了pH敏感性β-CD(pH-β-CD)微球.通过傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜对微球的结构、粒径和形貌进行了表征.探讨了亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水pH、吸附时间和微球加入量对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明,在亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水pH为10.0、吸附时间为90 min的条件下,当pH-β-CD微球加入量为50 mg时,pH-β-CD微球吸附量为16.1 mg/g;当pH-β-CD微球加入量为250 mg时,pH-β-CD微球对亚甲基蓝的脱色率达96.2%.     

微电解-催化氧化法处理高浓度甲醇废水

采用微电解一催化氧化法处理某化工厂的高浓度甲醇生产废水。实验结果表明：在进水pH为2．0、铁炭质量比为2、微电解时间为14h、空气流量为500mL／min的条件下,废水经微电解处理后,出水COD由原来的约7000mg/L降至约1000mg／L,COD去除率达85％以上;在过滤后微电解出水COD约为950mg／L、微电解出水pH为6．5、空气流量为300mL／min、催化氧化时间为3h时的条件下,经催化氧化处理后,出水COD降至100mg/L以下,出水水质达到GB8978--1996《污水综合排放标准》的二级标准。     

四氯化钛精制除钒废弃物的综合利用

对四氯化钛铜丝除钒精制过程中产生的废弃物,采用酸碱联合法回收其中的铜和钒。考察了关键的碱处理及盐酸沉钒过程的影响因素。实验结果为：在碱处理溶液pH12．0—13．0,碱处理温度60℃,碱处理时间1h,沉钒溶液pH1．0～1．5,沉钒温度60℃,沉钒时间1h的条件下,铜和钒的回收率分别达到90％和75％以匕,获得的阴极铜和五氧化二钒的产品质量均达到国家标准。     

Quantitative analysis of CO2 embodiment in international trade: An overview of emerging literatures

The increasing volume of CO₂ embodiment in international trade adds a layer of complexity to environmental policies and has raised arguments on the traditional production based responsibility for CO₂ emissions. In order to help understand the quantity of CO₂ embodiment in trade and its policy implications, this paper gives observations to recently emerging literatures that quantitatively discuss CO₂ embodiment in trade. The analytical approaches share the principle of using input and output modeling but vary dramatically in study boundary and estimation accuracy. The calculations can be roughly categorized into three types: direct quantification of CO₂ embodiments in multiregional trade, direct quantification of CO₂ embodiment in bilateral trade, and indirect analysis by comparing the scenarios with or without trade. The practical estimations strongly rely on trade partner selection and data availability. An obvious imbalance of net CO₂ embodiment in the commodity trade between major developed countries and developing economies as a whole was confirmed by these literatures. Carbon taxes and other possible limitations on CO₂ emissions have been addressed. The consistency across the calculations could be enhanced by systematic analyses in more detail to convince the international community to take binding commitments for the reduction of global CO₂ emissions.     

聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/膨润土/腐植酸钠三维网络凝胶吸附剂对Cd2+吸附性能研究

制备了一种聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/膨润土/腐植酸钠三维网络凝胶吸附剂,重点考察了吸附剂对Cd2+吸附的pH依赖性、吸附动力学和吸附等温线.结果表明,Cd2+溶液pH值对吸附容量有较大影响.在pH=8、吸附时间30 min、Cd2+溶液初始浓度0.02 mol/L和吸附剂用量0.10 g的条件下,吸附剂对Cd2+的饱和吸附量可达294.7 mg/g.与膨润土相比,三维网络凝胶吸附剂具有更高的吸附容量和更快的吸附速率.     

超声前处理强化活性炭吸附活性艳红X-3B染料废水

探究了超声前处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水强化活性炭吸附降解性能及不同超声参数的影响规律,包括超声功率和超声时间。研究结果表明,超声前处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水可通过空化效应使有机大分子裂解为小分子易于被活性炭吸附,同时可强化其到活性炭微孔中传输,提高了活性炭吸附降解性能,最佳超声功率为320 W。浓度越高,所需超声时间越长,当超声达到一定时间后,继续超声不会影响染料分子的吸附。超声前处理虽然不会改变吸附平衡时间,但可有效增加活性炭处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水的饱和吸附量。     

Advanced treatment of wet-spun acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater using three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation

A three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation(3D-EC) reactor with introduction of activated carbon(AC) as particle micro-electrodes was applied for the advanced treatment of secondary wastewater effluent of a wet-spun acrylic fiber manufacturing plant. Under the optimized conditions(current density of 500 A/m~2, circulation rate of 5 mL/min, AC dosage of 50 g, and chloride concentration of 1.0 g/L), the average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand(COD_(cr)), NH3–N, total organic carbon(TOC), and ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm(UV_(254)) of the 3D-EC reactor were 64.5%, 60.8%, 46.4%, and 64.8%, respectively; while the corresponding effluent concentrations of COD_(cr), NH_3–N, TOC, and UV_(254) were 76.6, 20.1, and42.5 mg/L, and 0.08 Abs/cm, respectively. The effluent concentration of COD_(cr) was less than 100 mg/L, which showed that the treated wastewater satisfied the demand of the integrated wastewater discharge standard(GB 8978-1996). The 3D-EC process remarkably improved the treatment efficiencies with synergistic effects for COD_(cr), NH_3–N, TOC, and UV_(254) during the stable stage of 44.5%, 38.8%, 27.2%, and 10.9%, respectively, as compared with the sum of the efficiencies of a two-dimensional electrochemical oxidation(2D-EC) reactor and an AC adsorption process, which was ascribed to the numerous micro-electrodes of AC in the 3D-EC reactor. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis revealed that electrochemical treatment did not generate more toxic organics, and it was proved that the increase in acute biotoxicity was caused primarily by the production of free chlorine.     

一种改进的边界层参数化模式

在能量平衡方法的基础上提出一套利用常规气象资料求取边界层参数的改进方案。利用中国科学院大气物理研究所铁塔观测资料,与廓线法进行对比分析,表明这种方案具有输入要求少,输出信息量大,结果合理的优点。此外,对此方案中的4个可变参数作了敏感性试验,结果表明湿度变化参数α的敏感性较强,在使用时应当合理选择其数值。该方案可以满足新一代空气质量模式对边界层参数化的需求。同时,由于仅需常规气象资料就能求取所有的边界层参数,因此特别适合于空气质量模式的法规应用。     

重点污染行业实施环境管理体系绩效评价指标体系构建及应用

本文针对重点污染行业特点,从能资源消耗、综合利用、环境污染和社会反响四个方面构建了重点污染行业实施环境管理体系绩效评价指标体系,并以化工行业为研究对象,评估了14家企业体系实施前与实施后的绩效。结果表明,实施环境管理体系,有利于提高企业环境效益。     

HRT对固定床厌氧反应器运行效果的影响

为了考察水力停留时间(HRT)对炭纤维载体固定床厌氧反应器运行效果的影响,在进水COD分别为20 000~25 000 mg/L和40 000~45 000 mg/L2个浓度范围下,研究了不同HRT对反应器运行效果的影响。结果表明,通过HRT的调整,在达到相同有机负荷(OLR)下,进水COD为20 000~25 000 mg/L的COD去除率和产气量,明显比进水COD为40 000~45 000 mg/L的运行效果好;进水COD为20 000~25 000 mg/L,HRT为14 h,相应的OLR为41.09 kgCOD/(m3.d)时,COD去除率仍然维持在68%以上,沼气容积产气率达到14.55 m3/(m3.d)。炭纤维载体固定床厌氧反应器具有较高的COD去除率、产气效率以及抵抗低pH、高负荷冲击的能力,运行过程中没有发生反应器堵塞的现象。