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901.
水体表面微层的环境化学研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
水体表面微层是大气和水体间的界面,其物理、化学和生物特性可影响水体中各种物质的存在形式及最终归缩。本文总结了近几十年的参考文献,对表面微层的采样及各类物质的表面微层的行为做了系统的论述,指出了研究的难点和今后的发展方向。 相似文献
902.
Biotreatment of H2S- and NH3-containing waste gases by co-immobilized cells biofilter 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Gas mixture of H2S and NH3 in this study has been the focus in the research area concerning gases generated from the animal husbandry and the anaerobic wastewater lagoons used for their treatment. A specific microflora (mixture of Thiobacillus thioparus CH11 for H2S and Nitrosomonas europaea for NH3) was immobilized with Ca-alginate and packed inside a glass column to decompose H2S and NH3. The biofilter packed with co-immobilized cells was continuously supplied with H2S and NH3 gas mixtures of various ratios, and the removal efficiency, removal kinetics, and pressure drop in the biofilter was monitored. The results showed that the efficiency remained above 95% regardless of the ratios of H2S and NH3 used. The NH3 concentration has little effect on H2S removal efficiency, however, both high NH3 and H2S concentrations significantly suppress the NH3 removal. Through product analysis, we found that controlling the inlet ratio of the H2S/NH3 could prevent the biofilter from acidification, and, therefore, enhance the operational stability. Conclusions from bioaerosol analysis and pressure drop in the biofilter suggest that the immobilized cell technique creates less environmental impact and improves pure culture operational stability. The criteria for the biofilter operation to meet the current H2S and NH3 emission standards were also established. To reach Taiwan's current ambient air standards of H2S and NH3 (0.1 and 1 ppm, respectively), the maximum inlet concentrations should not exceed 58 ppm for H2S and 164 ppm for NH3, and the residence time be kept at 72 s. 相似文献
903.
Study on the kinetics of cerium(III) adsorption-desorption on different soils of China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The kinetics of Ce(III) adsorption-desorption on four typical soils in China has been studied by using the batch method with the radioactive nuclide 141Ce. Results indicated that Ce(III) adsorption was rapid and nearly finished in less than 0.5 min. Desorption procedure was about completed in 1-30 min in the tested soils. Ce(III) desorption equilibrium times vary with different soils. The amounts of Ce(III) desorption on different soils in the same time were different. The Elovich equation proved to be the best models for fitting the data of Ce(III) desorption reactions in fluvo-aquic soil and black soil; and the parabolic-diffusion equation was the best model in red earth and loess soil. 相似文献
904.
The toxic effect of a combined sewer overflow (CSO) on the phytoplankton community of the river Seine has been studied by means of short-term primary production measurements. As the discharged solids usually do not remain in the water column, only filtered or centrifugated fractions were tested. The collected phytoplankton were grown in the laboratory for 2 days, after addition of N, P and EDTA. Stock cultures in exponential growth were directly tested with heavy metals, but resuspended algal cells were used for effluent testing. The results show an increase of EC50 value for the single metal species in the order Cu相似文献
905.
Kinetics of quinoline degradation by O3/UV in aqueous phase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The kinetics of quinoline degradation by O3/UV in aqueous phase was studied in this paper. It was found that the stoichiometric factor for the number of ozone molecule consumed by per quinoline molecule was 1. The second-order rate constants at 15 degrees C for the direct reaction of quinoline with ozone and that for the reaction of quinoline with *OH were determined to be 51.0 and 7.24 x 10(9) M(-1)s(-1), respectively. In O3/UV reaction system, *OH was the more important oxidant to degrade quinoline than ozone. For a comparison, in O3 reaction system, the relative importance of the two oxidants depended on the pH value greatly. To make the degradation of quinoline more practical, improvement of the concentration of *OH is more feasible. 相似文献
906.
907.
This paper presents the incineration tests of municipal solid waste (MSW) in a fluidized bed and the adsorption of activated carbon (AC) on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). An extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was used to analyze the concentrations of the 16 US EPA specified PAHs contained in raw MSW, flue gas, fly ash, and bottom ash. The aim of this work was to decide the influence of AC on the distribution of PAHs during the incineration of MSW. Experimental researches show that there were a few PAHs in MSW and bottom ash. With the increase of AC feeding rate, the concentrations of three- to six-ring PAHs in fly ash increased, and the concentration of two-ring PAH decreased. The total-PAHs in flue gas were dominated by three-, and four-ring PAHs, but a few two-, five-ring PAHs and no six-ring PAHs were found. PAHs could be removed effectively from flue gas by using in-duct AC injection and the removal efficiencies of PAHs were about 76-91%. In addition, the total toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of PAH in raw MSW, bottom ash, fly ash, and flue gas were 1.24 mg TEQ kg-1, 0.25 mg TEQ kg-1, 6.89-9.67 mg TEQ kg-1, and 0.36-1.50 microg TEQ Nm-3, respectively. 相似文献
908.
909.
910.
Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and 4-chlorophenol in the presence of modified activated carbons 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The objective of this research was to examine the heterogeneous catalytic decomposition of H(2)O(2) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) in the presence of activated carbons modified with chemical pretreatments. The decomposition of H(2)O(2) was suppressed significantly by the change of surface properties including the decreased pH(pzc) modified with oxidizing agent and the reduced active sites occupied by the adsorption of 4-CP. The apparent reaction rate of H(2)O(2) decomposition was dominated by the intrinsic reaction rates on the surface of activated carbon rather than the mass transfer rate of H(2)O(2) to the solid surface. By the detection of chloride ion in suspension, the reduction of 4-CP was not only attributed to the advanced adsorption but also the degradation of 4-CP. The catalytic activity toward 4-CP for the activated carbon followed the inverse sequence of the activity toward H(2)O(2), suggesting that acidic surface functional group could retard the H(2)O(2) loss and reduce the effect of surface scavenging resulting in the increase of the 4-CP degradation efficiency. Few effective radicals were expected to react with 4-CP for the strong effect of surface scavenging, which could explain why the degradation rate of 4-CP observed in this study was so slow and the dechlorination efficiency was independent of the 4-CP concentration in aqueous phase. Results show that the combination of H(2)O(2) and granular activated carbon (GAC) did increase the total removal of 4-CP than that by single GAC adsorption. 相似文献