Differences in Eye and Hand Movements of Novice and Experienced Press Operators

Presses are very widely used in industrial and commercial companies and are often the source of serious accidents occurring during operation. Most of the accidents are due to inadequate training of novice operators. Continuous recordings of eye and hand movements of five novice operators and five experienced operators in press operation were made. Significant difference between novice and experienced operators was observed in eye fixation time, eye movement patterns, hand dwell time, and eye-hand coordination. Also, differences were observed in spatial distribution of eye fixations during the die-closing portion of a stroke. There were no significant differences between novice and experienced operators in the eye and the hand movement time. The results could be used as basic data to establish a guide determining the method and training period to train novice operators.     

提高基层班组JSA质量的管理实践

工作安全分析(简称JSA)作为有效的危害识别和风险控制工具被广泛使用,但基层班组员工所做JSA的质量一直不高,具体表现为员工虽然清楚JSA的各个环节,却不能高质量的完成.尽管这在一定程度上与基层员工文化素质低,文字表达能力差有关,但也是管理者缺乏具体和优秀的指导所致.针对实施JSA的各个环节,分析制约质量提升的具体原因,以标准规范为基础提出具体可行的改进措施,实施效果良好.     

高可视性服装标准ISO 20471：2013简介及应对策略

高可视服装国际标准ISO 20471：2013正式生效,该标准规定了警示服的设计和材料的性能要求,以保证使用者在高风险环境中的日间夜间条件下的可视性。该标准相对于曾经执行的标准EN 471：2003＋A1：2007进行了多处修改和调整,了解这些标准中的变化对于出口欧盟等国家的成衣制造商应对服装的设计和材料的要求将有非常好的借鉴意义。     

白炽灯灯丝残骸微观形貌分析

本文模拟火灾中不同情况,制备普通白炽灯破坏的灯丝残骸,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析灯丝残骸的微观形貌,研究灯丝在不同情况下破坏的特征。发现通电状态下破坏的灯丝氧化严重,与未通电状态的灯丝具有明显的区别。即使经历了高温或火焰灼烧作用后,微观形貌特征仍具有明显的差别。根据这种微观特征可以判断火场中白炽灯的通电状态。     

滑坡体三维构造及稳定性分析

采用体元技术建立滑坡体真三维模型,通过基本三棱柱体构建具有复杂曲面结构的空间组合体,每个单元都赋予不同的属性,为滑坡体三维稳定性分析提供基本的前、后处理功能.以此为基础,并结合三维极限平衡分析计算方法,开发了相关的滑坡三维模拟与稳定性分析软件,并成功应用于清江库岸大型滑坡的三维仿真计算.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and n-alkane pollution characteristics and structural and functional perturbations to the microbial community: a case-study of historically petroleum-contaminated soil

Characterization of the typical petroleum pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes, and indigenous microbial community structure and function in historically contaminated soil at petrol stations is critical. Five soil samples were collected from a petrol station in Beijing, China. The concentrations of 16 PAHs and 31 n-alkanes were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total concentrations of PAHs and n-alkanes ranged from 973 ± 55 to 2667 ± 183 μg/kg and 6.40 ± 0.38 to 8.65 ± 0.59 mg/kg (dry weight), respectively, which increased with depth. According to the observed molecular indices, PAHs and n-alkanes originated mostly from petroleum-related sources. The levels of ΣPAHs and the total toxic benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (ranging from 6.41 to 72.54 μg/kg) might exert adverse biological effects. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was employed to investigate the indigenous microbial community structure and function. The results revealed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla, and Nocardioides and Microbacterium were the important genera. Based on COG and KEGG annotations, the highly abundant functional classes were identified, and these functions were involved in allowing microorganisms to adapt to the pressure from contaminants. Five petroleum hydrocarbon degradation-related genes were annotated, revealing the distribution of degrading microorganisms. This work facilitates the understanding of the composition, source, and potential ecological impacts of residual PAHs and n-alkanes in historically contaminated soil.

     

Biodegradable microplastics (BMPs): a new cause for concern?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the increasingly serious pollution of plastics, biodegradable plastics (BDPs) have attracted attention as a new material that can replace...     

How air pollution lowers the domestic value-added ratio in exports: an empirical study of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper analyzes the theoretical mechanism and transmission channel for the impact of air pollution on firms’ domestic value-added ratio...     

黏土地层联络通道冻结壁厚度优化设计及应用研究*

为解决传统冻结壁设计方法不能真实、合理地反映黏土地层中联络通道冻结壁实际受力情况,进而导致冻结壁厚度设计过于保守的问题,结合黏土地层直墙拱形冻结壁实际受力特点,基于对冻结壁支护压力的合理计算,提出1种适用于黏土地层冻结壁厚度设计的优化方法。结果表明:与传统设计方法相比,该方法所确定冻结壁支护压力与实际施工环境中冻结壁受力状态吻合效果更好,并且能够提供合理的安全储备;经数值计算和现场应用验证,计算所得冻结壁设计方案可以满足施工环境中的承载力及变形稳定性要求;且相较传统设计方案,所得方案兼具安全性与经济性,可有效规避因设计过于保守和冻结周期过长引起的冻胀、融沉变形过大等工程灾害的风险;该方法高效、易行,可为传统冻结壁设计方法提供必要补充,亦可为类似工程的施工设计提供有益参考。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定大米粉中的硒形态

建立了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(HPLC-ICP-MS)测定大米粉中硒代胱氨酸(SeCys_2)、甲基-硒代半胱氨酸(MeSeCys)、亚硒酸根(Se(Ⅳ))、硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)、硒酸根(Se(Ⅵ))等5种硒形态的分析方法.采用Hamilton PRP-X100分析柱,以pH 4和pH 6的20 mmol·L~(-1)的柠檬酸溶液辅以少量甲醇为流动相,在梯度洗脱条件下,9 min内可实现5种硒形态完全分离.SeCys_2、MeSeCys、Se(Ⅳ)、SeMet、Se(Ⅵ)的检出限分别为0.88、0.69、1.00、0.90、0.82μg·L~(-1).利用富硒小麦粉标准物质RM8436探讨了不同提取方式的提取效果.最终确定75 mmol·L~(-1) Tris-HCl(pH 7.5)添加XIV蛋白酶和Driselase酶作为提取剂,在37℃振荡提取3 h为大米样品前处理方法.利用该方法分析了富硒地区大米粉中的硒形态,结果表明,大米粉中的硒主要以有机硒形态为主,其中SeMet是最主要的硒形态,占总硒的90%左右.