生物砂滤池处理生活污水的研究

选取不同粒径的河砂及填料厚度构筑生物砂滤池,研究生活污水主要污染组分的去除规律.结果表明:(1)COD的去除主要发生在生物砂滤池的中上部,在距填料顶部1.1 m处,COD已降到较低的水平,实验第1、3、7天COD分别为67.07、52.63、74.67 mg/L,COD去除率分别达到64.98%、69.05%及68.1...     

Development of a livestock odor dispersion model: part I. Model theory and development

A livestock odor dispersion model (LODM) was developed to predict mean odor concentration, odor frequency, instantaneous odor concentration, and peak odor concentration from livestock operations. This model is based on the Gaussian fluctuating plume model and has the ability to consider the instantaneous concentration fluctuations and the differences between odor and traditional air pollutants. It can predict odor frequency from the routine hourly meteorological data input and deal with different types of sources and multiple sources. Also, the relationship between odor intensity and odor concentration was incorporated into the model.     

Investigation of solution chemistry effects on sorption behavior of Cu(II) on ZSM-5 zeolite

The sorption of Cu(II) from an aqueous solution using ZSM-5 zeolite was investigated by batch technique under ambient conditions. Sorption was investigated as a function of pH, ionic strength, foreign ions, humic substances, and temperature. The results indicate that the sorption of Cu(II) on ZSM-5 zeolite is strongly dependent on pH. Sorption is dependent on ionic strength at low pH, but independent of ionic strength at high pH values. The presence of humic/fluvic acid (HA/FA) enhances the sorption of Cu(II) on ZSM-5 zeolite at low pH values, and reduces Cu(II) sorption at high pH values. Sorption isotherms were well simulated by the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic parameters (i.e., deltaH0, deltaS0 and deltaG0) for the sorption of Cu(II) were determined from temperature-dependent sorption isotherms at 293.15, 313.15, and 333.15 K, respectively. Results indicate that the sorption process of Cu(II) on ZSM-5 zeolite is spontaneous and endothermic.     

O3-BAC组合工艺深度净化MBR出水的中试研究

采用臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)组合工艺对某工业园区再生水厂MBR出水进行了深度净化的中试研究,主要考察了组合工艺各节点对常规指标的处理效果.结果表明,臭氧投加量约3 mg/L(H2O)、臭氧接触塔接触时间为30min、活性炭滤池空床接触时间(BECT)为15 min时,O3-BAC组合工艺能有效去除水中色度、浊度...     

再生水厂原水水质在线预警系统研究与应用

再生水原水水质在线预警系统能够为再生水工艺安全、稳定的运行提供保障.以中国北方T市某再生水厂为例,分析再生水厂进水主要污染指标的变化规律,根据再生水厂的MBR处理工艺特征及要求,确定6项预警指标为pH、COD、TN、NH3-N、TP和SS.在原水水质在线监测系统的基础上,建立了基于神经网络的水质预测方法.结合实际运行情...     

日本城市污水再生利用方面的经验分析

日本开展污水再生利用工作已经有30年的历史,经过多年的积累,在综合管理、技术开发应用等方面取得了一定的成果.对日本在再生水政策标准、生产模式、处理技术和技术经济性、安全输配和水质安全性等方面的概况进行了汇总分析,并对缺水地区--福冈、东京都和横滨的再生水生产利用实例进行了介绍,以期对我国城市污水再生利用具有一定的借鉴.     

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化中硬脂酸钙的形成及作用

在稳定运行的餐厨垃圾单相厌氧消化体系中,出现白色颗粒状物质,且随着负荷的提高,其数量和粒径不断增加。利用能谱技术分析白色颗粒的元素组成,结合傅里叶红外光谱和13C核磁共振技术分析白色颗粒中的官能基团。经过研究分析认为,该白色颗粒的主要成分为长链羧酸钙盐,具体为硬脂酸钙。同时,对其形成过程进行了分析。该物质的形成对餐厨垃圾中油脂的去除提供了新的思路和途径。     

A hybrid method for quasi-three-dimensional slope stability analysis in a municipal solid waste landfill

Limited space for accommodating the ever increasing mounds of municipal solid waste (MSW) demands the capacity of MSW landfill be maximized by building landfills to greater heights with steeper slopes. This situation has raised concerns regarding the stability of high MSW landfills. A hybrid method for quasi-three-dimensional slope stability analysis based on the finite element stress analysis was applied in a case study at a MSW landfill in north-east Spain. Potential slides can be assumed to be located within the waste mass due to the lack of weak foundation soils and geosynthetic membranes at the landfill base. The only triggering factor of deep-seated slope failure is the higher leachate level and the relatively high and steep slope in the front. The valley-shaped geometry and layered construction procedure at the site make three-dimensional slope stability analyses necessary for this landfill. In the finite element stress analysis, variations of leachate level during construction and continuous settlement of the landfill were taken into account. The "equivalent" three-dimensional factor of safety (FoS) was computed from the individual result of the two-dimensional analysis for a series of evenly spaced cross sections within the potential sliding body. Results indicate that the hybrid method for quasi-three-dimensional slope stability analysis adopted in this paper is capable of locating roughly the spatial position of the potential sliding mass. This easy to manipulate method can serve as an engineering tool in the preliminary estimate of the FoS as well as the approximate position and extent of the potential sliding mass. The result that FoS obtained from three-dimensional analysis increases as much as 50% compared to that from two-dimensional analysis implies the significance of the three-dimensional effect for this study-case. Influences of shear parameters, time elapse after landfill closure, leachate level as well as unit weight of waste on FoS were also investigated in this paper. These sensitivity analyses serve as the guidelines of construction practices and operating procedures for the MSW landfill under study.     

Bioconversion of dairy manure by black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) for biodiesel and sugar production

Modern dairies cause the accumulation of considerable quantity of dairy manure which is a potential hazard to the environment. Dairy manure can also act as a principal larval resource for many insects such as the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens. The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are considered as a new biotechnology to convert dairy manure into biodiesel and sugar. BSFL are a common colonizer of large variety of decomposing organic material in temperate and tropical areas. Adults do not need to be fed, except to take water, and acquired enough nutrition during larval development for reproduction. Dairy manure treated by BSFL is an economical way in animal facilities. Grease could be extracted from BSFL by petroleum ether, and then be treated with a two-step method to produce biodiesel. The digested dairy manure was hydrolyzed into sugar. In this study, approximately 1248.6 g fresh dairy manure was converted into 273.4 g dry residue by 1200 BSFL in 21 days. Approximately 15.8 g of biodiesel was gained from 70.8 g dry BSFL, and 96.2 g sugar was obtained from the digested dairy manure. The residual dry BSFL after grease extraction can be used as protein feedstuff.     

竹炭对废水中Cu2+的吸附

探讨了竹炭粒径、加入量、溶液 pH、吸附时间、Cu2+初始质量浓度等因素对竹炭吸附 Cu2+效果的影响.实验结果表明:竹炭对废水中Cu2+有很好的吸附效果,当竹炭粒径小于0.15 mm、加入量为 16 g/L、溶液 pH 为 6.0、Cu2+初始质量浓度 25 mg/L、吸附时间为 1.5 h 时,竹炭对 Cu2+的去...