BDD电极电化学氧化降解废乳化液

废乳化液是机械加工过程产生的一种高浓度有机废液,属于危险废物.通过实验研究了 BDD电极电化学氧化处理废乳化液的降解效果,考察了电流密度、电解质种类及浓度、初始pH值和反应温度对降解效率的影响.结果表明:BDD电极电化学氧化可有效降解废乳化液中的有机物,当采用Na2S2O8为电解质,电流密度超过60 mA/cm2时,降...     

Modified explosive diagram for determining gas-mixture explosibility

Determination of mine gas explosibility is definitely a significant work for mine safety especially when any mine rescue strategies are under planning or implementing. In detail, its importance can be well understood by the following two aspects: First, if a coal mine's production is under the normal conditions, the underground mine atmosphere must be monitored as a timely matter and its explosibility should also be determined shortly due to the continuous emission of methane or other combustible gases. Thus, the critical time which means a time period that combustible gases could build up to reach the lower flammable limit and then pass the upper flammable limit can be effectively watched and controlled. Second, when facing a mine rescue work or mitigating a hazard of mine accidents (gas explosion, coal fire, etc.), the explosibility determination is also very critical for miners' lives. In this paper, a widely used mine gas explosibility determination method, the Coward diagram, is going to be modified to improve its accuracy. The improvements made in this research effort include: (1) expanding the original Coward diagram; (2) correcting flammable limits; (3) redefining the nose limit for each combustible gas; (4) developing an equation to predict the excess amount of inert gas for individual combustible gas. Finally, the flowchart of the modified Coward explosibility diagram method is listed. By a cross-verification study, it shows that the modified Coward method has better accuracy and reliability and could be applied in practices.     

Screening and prioritizing the precursors of improvised explosive devices from commodity chemicals being controlled under Korean regulations

Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have become an alternative method for terrorists or criminals who face difficulties in obtaining traditional explosives as threatening tools. The ease of obtaining precursor materials from commodity chemicals in the free market and the ease of generating bombs through the hands of novices have created problems. Controlling the potential precursors to defeat illegal acquisition is not trivial due to their widespread use as common merchandise among chemical industries and consumers. However, efforts to identify the potential precursors may be the first step for devising appropriate control measures. In this study, we proposed a systematic screening method for identifying potential IED precursors (IEDPs) from commodity chemicals, which are regulated by Korean controls. We identified 25 potential IEDPs from 3980 candidate chemicals that can be diverted into IEDs or homemade bombs but are not likely to be solely used as an IED. We also developed a methodology of prioritizing the potential precursor chemicals to assess the urgency of controls using a scoring system with four criteria: previous listing as an official precursor; past record of being encountered in criminal use; volume of commercial circulation, which denotes the probability of exposure to individuals; and the degree of regulatory counter-measures against illegal acquisitions that are currently effective in Korea.     

广东省能源消费与经济增长动态关系研究——基于环境库兹涅茨曲线假说

基于库兹涅茨曲线模型,对广东1980-2010年经济增长与能源消费的动态关系进行了实证研究.结果表明,在整个研究期间,广东省人均能源消费与人均经济增长协整关系呈单调正相关,1999年的结构断点使两者的协整关系发生变化,断点分隔的两个时间段内均符合倒“U”型模型,但曲线拐点后移.广东省现处于倒“U”型曲线的左端,EKC理论拐点为23253元（1978年不变价）.广东省应采取积极有效的节能减排政策,引导促进倒“U”型曲线弧度降低,让拐点提前到来.     

钢铁行业烧结烟气脱硫脱硝联合治理技术

分析了烧结烟气的特点,介绍了当前几种主要的烧结球团烟气脱硫脱硝联合治理技术,从技术原理、特点、适用条件及工程应用等方面进行了叙述,提出了钢铁行业烧结烟气污染物治理技术的发展方向。     

废钻井液固化剂的筛选实验

针对目前许多废钻井液固化剂产品达不到降低污染物浓度的要求,而效果较好的产品价格昂贵,处理成本高,难以推广使用的问题,选取了9种固化剂进行固化实验,通过针入度测定仪、固化效果比对,参考相应市场价格,筛选出经济效益较高的固化剂,为同行业开展固化处理提供参考和借鉴。     

城市水土资源利用碳排放系统动力学仿真研究——以天津市为例

为实现城市低碳可持续发展,分析土地利用、水资源利用、经济发展、人口增长及能源消费与城市碳排放的相互反馈机制,以构建城市水土资源利用碳排放模型.利用系统动力学建模方法,构建城市水土资源利用碳排放系统动力学模型,模拟预测天津市水土资源利用碳排放量变化趋势,分析不同因素对水土资源利用碳排放量的影响,设置并对比不同综合减排方案的减排效果.结果 表明:构建的城市水土资源利用碳排放模型有效;若系统按现有趋势发展,天津市水土资源净碳排放量在2020-2030年将保持逐年上升趋势;经济快速发展、人口加速增长能显著提高水土资源利用碳排放量,土地利用结构优化、产业结构优化、产业能源效率提升是实现水土资源利用减排的有效途径,产业节水发展对减少城市水土资源利用碳排放作用较小,但由于水资源是城市发展的限制性因素,仍应引起足够重视;在水资源约束和经济稳步发展的前提下,通过实施水土资源利用碳排放综合调控方案,天津于2025年左右水土资源利用碳排放达峰.未来城市发展应主动优化土地利用结构和产业结构,推动产业实现低碳绿色发展,同时重视水资源底线的约束作用.     

重金属抗性菌Bacillus cereus HQ-1对银离子的生物吸附-微沉淀成晶作用

发现1株对银离子有强吸附能力的蜡状芽孢杆菌HQ-1,研究了其对银离子的吸附特性及吸附机理.结果表明,菌体对银的吸附量可达91.75 mg/g,吸附过程符合Pseudo-second Order吸附动力学模型,相关系数高达0.999 9;吸附热力学很好地符合Freundlich吸附等温模型,相关系数为0.99;考察菌体浓度和温度对吸附的影响发现,菌体浓度增加有利于对银离子的吸附,温度对吸附影响较小;FTIR、SEM及EDAX实验结果表明吸附存在2种吸附机理,一为菌体表面一些含氮氧的基团对Ag⁺的络合作用,二为菌体分泌的胞外多糖等物质对Ag⁺的微沉淀成晶作用.     

内蒙古农业灌区夏、秋浇的氮磷流失变化

通过对内蒙古农业灌区引黄灌溉的2次主要大规模灌溉（夏浇、秋浇）的跟踪监测,研究了农业灌区的氮磷流失情况.分析了2次灌溉期的各引水渠和排水渠中总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH4＋-N）、硝氮（NO3--N）、总磷（TP）、溶解性无机磷（DIP）、溶解性有机磷（DOP）、颗粒磷（PP）的变化情况.研究表明：夏浇时,由于植物吸收、灌水量小等因素,基本不产生污染.而秋浇期间,由于灌水量大、土地裸露成为非点源污染产生的主要时期.在对第8排域的TN、TP的连续监测中发现,排干沟中的总氮总磷含量基本维持在4.16mg.L^-1和0.1725mg.L^-1,且氮为主要的污染控制因子;排干沟中的N/P为24,排入乌梁素海中极易引起水华发生.结合河套农业灌区的自然条件、耕作方式等因素,综合分析了河套灌区在夏浇及秋浇时期的非点源污染产生过程及污染特点.为该地区非点源污染管理和控制提供科学依据.     

白腐真菌发酵中胞外蛋白酶对MnP的产生及其稳定性的影响

在摇瓶试验中通过投加4种对应不同蛋白酶的抑制剂,研究了白腐真菌 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 固定化发酵过程中所产的胞外蛋白酶对其MnP的产生以及稳定性的影响.在培养1d后投加 Pepstatin A 可使MnP峰值提高且提前1d出现,而投加PMSF、EDTA后MnP峰值出现时间不变但峰值皆下降;培养4d后投加 PMSF 和Pepstatin A可使MnP酶活提高且稳定性增强;培养过程中投加 HgCl2 均会抑制菌体生长,使 MnP酶活水平较低.在培养1d后直接补人初级蛋白酶浓缩液.MnP 峰值酶活稍有提高.且第3d补入初级蛋白酶浓缩液会使MnP提前1d出现.在离体条件下,EDTA 和 HgCl2均可抑制MnP酶活;初级蛋白酶和次级蛋白酶均会导致MnP不稳定,但投加 PMSF 和 Pepstatin A 后,MnP稳定性增强.以上结果表明,在培养过程中初级蛋白酶部分组分对MnP的产生过程具有促进作用;初级蛋白酶和次级蛋白酶会导致离体MnP迅速失活,且证实其中2种组分--丝氨酸蛋白酶和天冬氨酸蛋白酶--可导致离体MnP不稳定.