Potential moderating influence of career growth opportunities on careerist orientation and work attitudes: evidence of the protean career era in Singapore

The emerging transactional or protean employment contract appears to have precipitated the development of a careerist orientation on the part of employees. This study examined the generalizability of the construct in a collectivist culture and the potential moderating influence of career growth opportunities on the careerist orientation–work attitude relationships. The results tend to support the generalizability of careerist orientation across cultures and, importantly, showed an absence of a moderating influence for career growth opportunities, suggesting that organizations cannot effectively counter the negative effects of careerist orientation on work attitudes. Limitations of the study, directions for future research, and implication of the findings for organizational dependence on employees as a competitive resource are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

环境规制、省际产业转移对污染迁移的空间溢出效应

目前我国正在积极地探寻经济增长高质量发展,生态环境与经济持续、稳定的和谐发展至关重要。虽然政府制定了相关的环境治理政策,但我国环境治理整体效果仍然欠佳。自从分税制改革以来,地方政府为了获得较高经济效益,会放松对环境管理,导致环境治理高投入低成效。同时,由于区域经济发展不平衡导致政府在制定相关环境治理政策时带有区域性特点,迫使高污染高能耗企业迁移至环境规制相对薄弱的地区,由此产生污染迁移的现象。基于此,对2003—2017年30个省区市(港澳台和西藏除外)环境污染总指数的空间溢出效应进行探讨,构建动态空间杜宾模型研究环境规制、省际产业转移对污染迁移的影响。研究结果表明:①环境规制总体上对环境污染具有显著直接效应且存在正向空间溢出效应,当某省环境规制强度增加,环境污染总指数会降低,从而引起污染向相邻省份转移,造成相邻省份的环境污染总指数上升。②省际产业转移整体上对环境污染具有显著直接效应且存在负向空间溢出效应,当某省的产业转移到相邻省份时,会缓解本省环境污染,却加重相邻省份的环境污染程度。这就需要中央政府加强对于各省区市的环境管控,统筹各区域的联防联治机制。产业转移承接省份在招商引资的过程中不仅要考虑本省环境承载能力和环境治理能力,还要考虑入驻企业自身污染排放处理能力,并将污染排放指数纳入筛选条件。同时,产业转移承接省份要引入企业的生产工艺、技术、研发团队等,运用技术溢出效应提升区域环境治理水平。     

三峡库区移民贫困致因的精准识别与减贫路径的实证研究

随着我国经济发展和扶贫成效的显现,老区、山区、民族地区和移民库区等集中连片的特殊贫困区已经成为我国当前精准扶贫的主战场。由于面临生产资料匮乏、生态环境恶化和地质灾害频发等恶劣环境,库区移民贫困问题已成为新时期扶贫攻坚最难啃的"硬骨头"。因此,开展库区移民贫困致因的精准识别与减贫路径研究具有重要的现实意义。基于对库区移民贫困现状的扎根理论分析,本文提出了分析农户生计的新框架。在此基础上,本文以三峡库区26个县(区)为研究对象,随机抽取4县(区)796户移民作为样本,首先,采用灰色关联分析法和熵权法对库区移民主要致贫因子进行挖掘;接着,采用PLS-SEM模型分析影响库区移民生计状况的关键因子和关键路径。研究表明:(1)三峡库区移民贫困现象仍很严重,患病、劳动能力弱和失地是移民致贫的三大主因。三峡库区仍有175.94万人生活在贫困线以下,三大致贫原因依次是:因病致贫26.49%、因劳动能力弱致贫22.10%和失地致贫21.65%。(2)心理资本可有效促进移民其他资本效能的发挥,对生计状况存在着显著的直接效应和间接效应。(3)在影响生计状况的四类资本中,人力资本对库区移民生计状况影响最大。基于以上发现,本文提出了实现库区移民精准脱贫的政策建议:(1)国家应高度重视三峡库区移民贫困问题,大力开展精准扶贫;(2)增加心理干预措施以提高移民心理资本存量,帮助移民摆脱心理贫困;(3)开展劳动力技能培训,提高库区移民人力资本水平。     

沉积物原位物理洗脱技术对苦草萌发生长的影响

原位物理洗脱技术是一种应用于修复受污染的沉积物的新兴技术,但沉积物洗脱处理后对沉水植物萌发生长的影响尚不明确。通过模拟原位空气洗脱与原位水力洗脱2种典型原位物理洗脱技术,处理富含有机质的沉积物,研究洗脱对苦草萌发和生长指标的影响,以及洗脱后沉积物的理化性质的变化。结果表明:2种方式洗脱后沉积物中苦草种子的萌发率、萌发速度以及幼苗的株高、鲜质量、根数、叶数等指标均优于未洗组,其中水力洗脱后沉积物中苦草的萌发生长状况最好,萌发率是未洗组的2.9倍,株高和根数分别是未洗组的2.29和4.76倍;物理洗脱后,沉积物中氨氮($NH_{4}^{-}$-N)与酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)等还原性物质浓度分别下降34.15%~35.19%和7.67%~44.89%,有机质浓度下降70.04%~77.90%,表层(0~5 cm)沉积物由强还原状态(ORP<-350 mV)改善至弱还原状态(ORP为-200~-100 mV);此外,沉积物中大粒径(50~2 000 μm)颗粒占比增至89.02%~92.84%,有利于上覆水中的O₂向沉积物中扩散,促进苦草的萌发生长。原位物理洗脱尤其是水力洗脱后,沉积物的理化条件更有利于苦草的萌发生长。     

Impact of particle sizes on health risks and source-specific health risks for heavy metals in road dust

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To analyze the impact of particle sizes on sources and related health risks for heavy metals, road dust samples in Beijing were collected and sifted...     

Fenton降解涂装废水的因素影响及动力学分析

以江苏某电动自行车制造企业的涂装废水为研究对象,采用单因素和响应面优化Fenton氧化处理的反应条件,分析了其动力学过程。结果表明：在pH=3.21、n(H₂O₂/Fe²⁺)=8∶1、m(H₂O₂/COD)=4.17∶1、氧化反应时间为120 min的条件下,COD和TP的去除率均达到最高,分别为81.32%和98%,其降解过程符合一级反应动力学,室温下降解速率常数k为0.014 2 min⁻¹,活化能为4.76 kJ·mol⁻¹。在pH=3.21、n(H₂O₂/Fe²⁺)=8∶1、m(H₂O₂/COD)=0.78∶1、反应时间120 min的条件下,Fenton半氧化体系对COD去除率可达42.5%左右,处理后废水的B/C比由0.12提高至0.35。综合经济因素,认为Fenton半氧化与生物处理工艺耦合处理实际涂装废水更佳。     

微纳米气泡/UV/K2S2O8协同处理模拟垃圾渗沥液

以垃圾渗沥液中的主要污染物冰乙酸、正丁酸、正己酸和氨组成的混合物为处理对象,采用微纳米气泡联合紫外灯活化过硫酸盐法处理模拟垃圾渗沥液,考察了反应时间、过硫酸钾投加量、pH、紫外灯功率、微纳米气泡进气量对污染物去除效果的影响。结果表明：微纳米气泡对紫外灯活化过硫酸盐法有显著的协同作用。当反应时间为180 min、过硫酸钾投加量为4 g·L⁻¹、pH=6、紫外灯功率为10 W、微纳米气泡进气量为30 mL·min⁻¹时,污染物的去除效果最佳,COD去除率为60.68%,TOC去除率为48.05%,氨氮去除率为42.1%。自由基淬灭实验结合EPR表征结果表明,羟基自由基和硫酸根自由基为降解过程中主要的活性物质。溶液中无机碳含量增加,说明废水中有机物分解为二氧化碳和水。     

PAN基双氰胺甲醛絮凝剂的制备及对染料废水的脱色性能

针对双氰胺甲醛(DDF)在对阴离子染料废水絮凝脱色中形成的絮体数量少、体积小,导致沉降性差、废水出水浊度较高的问题,以聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)为基体接枝DDF,增大其分子质量,制得阳离子有机高分子絮凝剂PAN-DDF,黏度法测得其分子质量为1 086 718 Da,聚合度为4 347。考察了PAN-DDF投加量、沉淀时间、pH、温度对单一组分和混合组分下刚果红、酸性兰9、活性嫩黄K-6G3种染料絮凝脱色效果的影响,并使用扫描电镜和红外光谱对其表征。结果表明：在30 ℃下,在200 mL染料浓度为20 mg·L⁻¹,pH=10的模拟废水中投加20 mg PAN-DDF,沉淀30 min,脱色效果最佳。其对单一组分的刚果红、酸性兰9、活性嫩黄K-6G的脱色率分别为93.31%、84.16%、83.63%,上清液的浊度分别为1.79、2.23、1.39 NTU;对混合组分中3种染料的脱色率分别为81.74%、76.24%、62.57%,上清液的浊度为2.79 NTU。通过对比PAN接枝DDF前后扫描电镜照片,发现原光滑表面变粗糙,并附着大量颗粒物。红外光谱表征结果表明,PAN-DDF分子结构上含有—NH⁺、—$ {\rm{NH}}_{\rm{3}}^{\rm{ + }}$、C=N⁺=C等多种活性基团。     

Effects of ambient temperature on outpatient visits for dermatitis in Xinxiang,China: a time-series analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Previous studies have reported regional variations in the relationship between ambient temperature and dermatitis, which therefore remain...     

A novel sigma coordinate system to simulate abrupt changes of underwater terrain in a hydrodynamic model: application to Lake Mead,USA

The sigma (SIG) coordinate system in ocean circulation simulation models results inevitably in horizontal pressure gradient error. This problem also emerges in models of deep lakes or reservoirs with the same characteristics of underwater terrain mutation. SIG coordinates reflect vertical relative stratification but cannot be used to calculate horizontal pressure gradient force in places with drastic topographic changes; this results in vertical water temperature and circulation errors. In deep lakes or reservoirs, differences in water density caused by the temperature difference between upper and lower water bodies is the primary cause of thermal stratification phenomena. Lake Mead was used as a case study on steep topography based on Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model in this study. SIG coordinates result in close agreement between the calibrated temperature time series at the top and middle water layers, but disparity in the bottom water layer. The error emerges in the horizontal pressure gradient error due to the SIG coordinate transformation. Neither increasing the vertical resolution nor adjusting the horizontal viscosity coefficient resolve this error. We test the sigma-zed (SGZ) coordinate which combines Z coordinate and SIG coordinate as a replacement for the SIG coordinate to find that they effectively reduce the model’s runtime and simulation efficiency. The vertical temperature distribution in SGZ coordinate mode is more accurate than the distribution in SIG coordinate mode. The Navier-Stokes horizontal gradient and advection diffusion equation results under SIG coordinates are very sensitive to the pressure gradient. The replacement also enhances resolution near the thermocline, facilitates reclosing of the water bottom and the equal sigma surface, lends significant advantages in terms of vertical temperature in the simulation for local deep water with steep terrain, and shortens runtime for 0.14 h. SGZ mixed coordinates are recommended in the simulation of deep lakes or reservoirs wherein the underwater topography is large (with abundant continuous deep trenches or reefs).