全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13659篇 |
免费 | 1246篇 |
国内免费 | 4677篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 1421篇 |
废物处理 | 650篇 |
环保管理 | 1124篇 |
综合类 | 8645篇 |
基础理论 | 2252篇 |
污染及防治 | 3390篇 |
评价与监测 | 730篇 |
社会与环境 | 797篇 |
灾害及防治 | 573篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 50篇 |
2023年 | 300篇 |
2022年 | 767篇 |
2021年 | 713篇 |
2020年 | 741篇 |
2019年 | 584篇 |
2018年 | 550篇 |
2017年 | 687篇 |
2016年 | 666篇 |
2015年 | 761篇 |
2014年 | 908篇 |
2013年 | 1237篇 |
2012年 | 1198篇 |
2011年 | 1220篇 |
2010年 | 1016篇 |
2009年 | 977篇 |
2008年 | 1041篇 |
2007年 | 860篇 |
2006年 | 841篇 |
2005年 | 616篇 |
2004年 | 483篇 |
2003年 | 472篇 |
2002年 | 442篇 |
2001年 | 332篇 |
2000年 | 373篇 |
1999年 | 329篇 |
1998年 | 235篇 |
1997年 | 223篇 |
1996年 | 194篇 |
1995年 | 157篇 |
1994年 | 119篇 |
1993年 | 118篇 |
1992年 | 120篇 |
1991年 | 81篇 |
1990年 | 34篇 |
1989年 | 34篇 |
1988年 | 25篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
951.
在产业转移及转型升级的背景下,制造业空间分布及转移逐渐成为地理学研究的热点。以2008、2016年我国制造业工业销售产值、从业人数为研究数据,应用区位熵、热点分析、锡尔系数、动态集聚指数等方法,对金融危机以来我国制造业空间格局演变及转移态势进行探究。研究发现:(1)我国制造业空间分布具有较强的时空异质性,劳动密集型与资本密集型制造业以及技术密集型与知识密集型制造业分别呈现“西密东疏”、“东密西疏”的空间分异格局,并且不同类型的制造业空间集聚态势也存在显著差异;(2)东部地区的烟草制品、化学纤维等制造业发展不平衡问题较为突出,对我国区域间与区域内制造业空间分布差异的影响较大,而中、西部地区则相对较小,但有逐渐扩大的趋势;(3)制造业转移的主体是劳动密集型与资本密集型制造业,转移的方向是从东部向中、西部地区,转移层次具有较高的梯度性。研究有助于丰富我国制造业空间分布及转移相关理论,为我国经济、产业高质量发展提供借鉴意义。 相似文献
952.
长江三角洲城市群土地利用及其生态系统服务价值时空演变研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用1990、2000、2010和2015年四期长江三角洲城市群土地利用数据,利用土地利用转移概率矩阵等方法,描述了长江三角洲城市群的土地利用方式和转移方向,采用谢高地等修正Costanza价值量评价法定量计算了区域内的生态系统服务价值,并借助地理探测器对其空间分布格局进行了归因解释。研究表明:长江三角洲城市群土地利用类型以耕地为主,呈现逐年减少的趋势,林地变化相对稳定,水域变化先增后减,建设用地持续增长且保留率最高,耕地为其主要转化来源,草地主要转化为耕地和林地,水域主要转出为建设用地。1990、2000、2010和2015年长江三角洲城市群的生态系统服务价值分别为 2 644.26、2 639.53、2 615.49 和 2 569.88 亿元,总体呈逐渐下降趋势,其中农田生态系统价值下降最多,森林生态系统对整个区域的贡献率最大,Ⅲ、Ⅳ等级的城市的生态系统服务价值高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ等级,且城市规模越大,经济价值越占主导地位。空间分布格局形成以太湖和巢湖为中心的高值集聚区、东南地区高于西北地区的特征,其受到坡度、高程、土壤类型、人口等因子的影响。 相似文献
953.
T. Chen M. Liu Y. Takahashi J.D. Mullen G.C.W. Ames 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(6):948-966
Three different sizes of hog farms were selected to analyze the carbon emissions reduction and the cost–benefit of three methane digester systems. The sizes of the digesters are 2,200, 2,200 and 800 m3, respectively. The sales of slaughter hogs from them are 50,000, 35,000 and 10,000 head, respectively. The carbon emissions reductions were 5,237, 4,017, and 1,334 tons, respectively. The results show that while the methane digester systems have a significant effect on carbon emissions reduction, it is difficult to operate the systems sustainably. If the carbon emissions reduction can be traded at high enough prices in the carbon offset markets, then the systems will be profitable and sustainable. Newly established China's domestic carbon offset market could provide this possibility, but more government support is needed. In addition, this study shows that scale economies make the digester adoption relatively more profitable for larger farms than smaller ones. 相似文献
954.
955.
采用特异性移动床生物膜反应器(SMBBR)和厌氧生物滤池(AF)组合工艺处理高氨氮农药废水。考察了HRT、pH和DO等工艺条件对SMBBR-AF-SMBBR组合工艺运行稳定期COD和氨氮去除率的影响。试验结果表明,在进水COD为2 408~7 440 mg/L、ρ(NH_4~+-N)为160.21~433.84 mg/L、TN为208.27~537.65 mg/L、HRT为8d、pH为8.0、DO为4 mg/L的条件下,处理后出水平均COD为342 mg/L,COD去除率达92.3%;ρ(NH_4~+-N)小于4.0mg/L,氨氮平均去除率为89.2%;TN小于50 mg/L,平均TN去除达83.0%。出水各指标均优于原A2O工艺出水。 相似文献
956.
针对传统Fenton体系Fe(Ⅲ)累积和pH适用范围过窄等缺点,采用羟胺(HA)强化的HA-Fenton体系,以对氯苯酚(4-CP)为目标污染物进行降解实验,考察了Fe(Ⅱ)投加量、H2O2投加量、HA投加量和溶液pH等工艺条件对4-CP去除率的影响。实验结果表明:HA-Fenton体系适用于酸性和弱酸性条件,最佳pH范围为3.0~4.0;在溶液pH为3.0、Fe(Ⅱ)投加量为5.0 μmol/L、H2O2投加量为0.4 mmol/L、HA投加量为0.20 mmol/L的最适条件下,反应10 min, 4-CP去除率达64.25 %。 相似文献
957.
958.
Jyh-Horng Wu Chien-Wen Chen M. C. Kuo Ming-Shien Yen Kung-Yu Lee 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(2):626-635
A poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/polyamide 11 (PA11)/SiO2 composite was mixed from PLA, PA11, and nanosilica particles through twin-screw extrusion. The PLA/PA11/SiO2 composite was evaluated with tensile and Izod impact tests, light transmission and haze measurement, and isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization behavior determinations. The PLA/PA11/SiO2 (97.0/3.0) composite had approximately 10.8% less ultimate tensile strength than neat PLA, but it had greater ductility and approximately ninefold greater elongation at break. A dimple morphology was observed on the fractural surface of the PLA/PA11/SiO2 composite, indicating that the incorporation of PA11 and nanosilica particles increased the ductility of the PLA matrix. PLA with less than 3 wt% of PA11 and 0.5 phr of nanosilica particles had an Izod impact strength of 8.72 kJ/m2. PA11 and nanosilica particles effectively toughened this PLA polymer; they accelerated both isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization rates and increased the crystallinities of the resulting composites under isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization processes. 相似文献
959.
Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources on which policy makers are greatly dependent on since it is a flexible feedstock capable of conversion into electricity, transport liquid fuels and heat by chemical and biological processes on demand. Though numerous publications have examined the relationship of economic growth with renewable energy and other parameters, biomass energy has never been included in these studies. Then, this study examines the causal relationship within a multivariate panel cointegration/error correction framework which combines the cross-section and time series data while allowing for heterogeneity across different provinces. After employing panel data regression model ranging from 2003 through 2012 to examine the relationships of biofuels production with sustainable development in China, the paper concludes that the development of biofuel energy production integrated with the consideration of the improvement of income per capita, and the attraction of more capital investment, does make a significant contribution to economic growth. However, some negative side effects including the increase of greenhouse emissions and the decrease of marginal land still coexist with the economic development. Of course, the importance of these findings lies on their implications and their adoption on strategic policies. 相似文献
960.
Pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics in livestock manure and manure-amended soils in Jiangsu province,China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Xin Y. Guo Li J. Hao Pan Z. Qiu Rong Chen Jing Xu Xiang J. Kong 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(6):383-392
The aim of this study was to investigate the pollution characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil of livestock farms in Jiangsu province. This investigation employed solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 53 manure and 50 amended soil samples from 16 livestock farms in Jiangsu province were collected for analysis. In the manure samples, the highest detected frequencies and concentrations were those of tetracyclines (TCs, 54.1 ± 5775.6 μgkg?1), followed by fluoroquinolones (FQs, 8.4 ± 435.6 μgkg?1), sulphonamides (SAs, 3.2 ± 5.2 μgkg?1) and macrolides (MACs, 0.4 ± 110.5 μgkg?1). Statistical analysis was used to illuminate the pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics for various animal types and different regions in Jiangsu province. The results showed that the pollution level in cow manure was relatively lower compared with pig and chicken manure due to the relative restriction of medication. Furthermore, contamination was serious in amended soil from chicken farms. The pollution level in manure among different regions was higher to the south and north compared with the centre of the region. The same outcome was found for soil. Antibiotic residues in organic fertilizer were also investigated in this study. We found that although the detected concentration was lower in organic fertilizer than in fresh manure, detection frequencies (10–90%) were high, especially for roxithromycin (90%) in MACs (30–90%). This finding suggests attention should be paid to the pollution levels in organic fertilizer. This study is the first extensive investigation of the occurrence and distribution of many kinds of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil from livestock farms of Jiangsu province. This investigation systematically assesses veterinary antibiotics usage and related emissions in southeast China. 相似文献