Programmed cell death induced by modified clay in controlling Prorocentrum donghaiense bloom

Modified clay (MC), an effective material used for the emergency elimination of algal blooms, can rapidly reduce the biomass of harmful algal blooms (HABs) via flocculation. After that, MC can still control bloom population through indirect effects such as oxidative stress, which was initially proposed to be related to programmed cell death (PCD) at molecular level. To further study the MC induced cell death in residual bloom organisms, especially identifying PCD process, we studied the physiological state of the residual Prorocentrum donghaiense. The experimental results showed that flocculation changed the physiological state of the residual cells, as evidenced by growth inhibition and increased reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, this research provides biochemical and ultrastructural evidence showing that MC induces PCD in P. donghaiense. Nuclear changes were observed, and increased caspase-like activity, externalization of phosphatidylserine and DNA fragmentation were detected in MC-treated groups and quantified. And the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated in both MC-treated groups. Besides, the features of MC-induced PCD in a unicellular organism were summarized and its concentration dependent manner was proved. All our preliminary results elucidate the mechanism through which MC can further control HABs by inducing PCD and suggest a promising application of PCD in bloom control.     

Enhanced nitrogen removal upon the addition of volatile fatty acids from activated sludge by combining calcium peroxide and low-thermal pretreatments

This study investigated a combined low-thermal and CaO₂ pretreatment to enhance the volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from waste activated sludge (WAS). The fermentative product was added to a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as an external carbon source to enhance nitrogen removal. The results showed that the combined pretreatment improved WAS solubilization, releasing more biodegradable substrates, such as proteins and polysaccharides, from TB-EPS to LB-EPS and S-EPS. The maximum VFA production of 3529 ± 188 mg COD/L was obtained in the combined pretreatment (0.2 g CaO₂/g VS + 70 °C for 60 min), which was 2.1 and 1.4-fold of that obtained from the sole low-thermal pretreatment and the control test, respectively. Consequently, when the fermentative liquid was added as an external denitrification carbon source, the effluent total nitrogen decreased to Class A of the discharge standard for pollutants in rural wastewater treatment plants in most areas of China.     

油田井口加热炉烟尘排放超标原因分析及治理方法

针对井口加热炉燃用套管气出现的烟尘排放超标问题,从燃烧方式及燃料组成方面分析发现,加热炉所采用的扩散式燃烧,火焰面燃料侧缺少氧气,燃料产生热分解生成炭黑颗粒;另外,套管气含有大量的重碳烷烃,其稳定性差、分解温度低,加剧了热分解反应。因此,控制套管气质量和改变燃烧方式是治理烟尘排放超标的基本途径。但是井口加装轻烃回收装置,分离出套管气中的重碳烷烃,成本高不可行。最终,基于预混燃烧理论,设计了双调风预混燃烧装置,现场实施结果表明,不仅烟尘排放降低了87.8%,而且NOx排放降低了58.6%、热效率提升了8.2%。实践证明,预混燃烧是治理井口加热炉烟尘排放超标的有效方法。     

水库大型围隔放养鲢鱼、鳙鱼控藻的研究

为减轻水源地水华的发生,在天津于桥水库建立了10个300m2大型围隔,分别放养密度为0,10,30,60g/m3的鲢鱼、鳙鱼进行控藻试验.结果表明,无鱼围隔内的蓝藻比例上升并形成微囊藻水华,各有鱼围隔内蓝藻比例始终保持在低位水平.与此同时,鲢鱼、鳙鱼的滤食导致小型藻类的大量增长进而造成藻类总生物量及叶绿素a不同程度地升高.由此可知,鲢鱼、鳙鱼适用于控制蓝藻水华而非藻类总量.     

内蒙镶黄旗人群胃癌环境病因的研究──关于人体内合成亚硝胺的评估

测定了内蒙古自治区锡盟镶黄旗１５个不同地点水样中的ＮＯ＾－２含量。实验结果显示,１５个地点水样中ＮＯ＾－２的含量相差很大,大致分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３组,其平均值分别为０．１８６、０．６４０、３．８５０μｇ／ｍｌ。     

Pollution levels and characteristics of phthalate esters in indoor air of offices

The pollution status and characteristics of PAEs (phthalate esters) were investigated in indoor air of offices, and PAEs of both gas-phase and particulate-phase were detected in all the samples. The concentration (sum of the gas phase and the particulate phase) was 4748.24 ng/m³, ranging between 3070.09 and 6700.14 ng/m³. Diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the most abundant compounds, together accounting for 70% of the Σ6PAEs. Dividing the particulate-phase PAEs into four size ranges (<2.5, 2.5-5, 5-10, >10 μm), the result indicated that PAEs in PM_2.5 were the most abundant, with the proportion of 72.64%. In addition, the PAE concentration in PM_2.5 correlated significantly with the total particulate-phase PAEs (R² = 0.85). Thus, the amount of PAEs in PM_2.5 can be estimated from the total amount of particulate-phase PAEs using this proportion. In a comparison between the offices and a newly decorated study room, it was found that pollution characteristics were similar between these two places. Thus, it is implied that the PAE concentration decreased by 50% 2 yr after decorating.     

建立能够体现化工行业特点的行业排放标准初探

化工行业具有传统的工业类型和新兴产业交叉渗透的特点。现有的污染物排放标准因涵盖行业过多、细化内容不够、可操作性不强、行业特点不突出,故不太适应化工行业的发展,建立新的化工行业污染物排放标准势在必行。文章概要介绍了我国现有污染物排放标准,分析了美国、欧盟、日本、德国等一些国家和组织的排放标准,提议建立能够体现化工行业特点的行业排放标准,以达到淘汰落后工艺和促进清洁工艺的目的。     

十三陵地震台观测技术系统优化改造

在北京十三陵地震台建设了一个高度集成的地震观测监控系统,将原来分散的观测项目(如测震、GPS、气氡、气汞、电磁波、地电场等测项),改造为集中到一台服务器管理,在一个监控平台上统一实现了对台站数据的收集、入库、管理、处理、监控等业务;对这些观测项目可以在控制台上直接取数并将数据入库;初步实现了观测数据的收集、数据处理、数据管理、数据监控的软件管理系统,减少了系统维护工作量,方便台站工作人员操控。监控系统的地震前兆数据监管软件系统DataMonitor可准实时监视数据,检查数据的异常和到达情况,并向台站数据管理人员告警;可对数据库数据进行统计,包括数据到达情况统计、缺数统计、数据连续率统计等。该系统还提供多种前兆数据处理方法,实现对前兆数据的各种常规分析处理。     

高等院校教师有效激励机制的探讨

高等院校管理者必须思考如何更加有效的激励教师工作的积极性。高等院校教师的有效激励机制包括教师工作激励机制、教师成就激励机制和优秀教师的价值激励机制。三者有机结合，才能更好的促进教师的工作积极性、主动性、创造性，实现高等院校教师的自我价值。     

Short-term effects and economic burden assessment of ambient air pollution on hospitalizations for schizophrenia

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The evidence&nbsp;on the health and economic impacts of air pollution with schizophrenia is scarce, especially in developing countries. In this...