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971.
融雪剂对环境的影响及保护对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
融雪剂是清除道路积雪的有效方法,而融雪剂对生态环境造成的危害是当今世界头痛的问题之一。本文综述了融雪剂的特征、融雪原理、融雪剂成分、应用现状以及融雪剂对生态环境的危害。对融雪剂未来的研究和应用提出了建议。 相似文献
972.
Peng Xu Junke Zhang Dongsheng Ji Zirui Liu Guiqian Tang Changsheng Jiang Yuesi Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(1):16-27
In this study, we performed a highly time-resolved chemical characterization of nonrefractory submicron particles(NR-PM_1) in Beijing by using an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HR-ToF-AMS). The results showed the average NR-PM_1 mass concentration to be 56.4 ± 58.0 μg/m~3, with a peak at 307.4 μg/m~3. Due to the high frequency of biomass burning in autumn, submicron particles significantly increased in organic content, which accounted for 51% of NR-PM_1 on average. Secondary inorganic aerosols(sulfate + nitrate + ammonium) accounted for 46% of NR-PM_1, of which sulfate,nitrate, and ammonium contributed 15%, 20%, and 11%, respectively. To determine the intrinsic relationships between the organic and inorganic species, we used the positive matrix factorization(PMF) model to merge the high-resolution mass spectra of the organic species and NO+and NO_2~+ions. The PMF analysis separated the mixed organic and nitrate(NO+and NO_2~+) spectra into four organic factors, including hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol(HOA), oxygenated organic aerosol(OOA), cooking organic aerosol(COA), and biomass burning organic aerosol(BBOA), as well as one nitrate inorganic aerosol(NIA) factor. COA(33%) and OOA(30%) contributed the most to the total organic aerosol(OA) mass, followed by BBOA(20%) and HOA(17%). We successfully quantified the mass concentrations of the organic and inorganic nitrates by the NO+and NO2+ions signal in the organic and NIA factors. The organic nitrate mass varied from 0.01-6.8 μg/m~3, with an average of 1.0 ±1.1 μg/m~3, and organic nitrate components accounted for 10% of the total nitrate mass in this observation. 相似文献
973.
原油管道储运行业地域辽阔、点多线长、易燃易爆,职业危害因素种类繁多,人员接触广泛,职业卫生工作难度较大.笔者结合工作实际,就原油管道储运企业职业健康监护谈谈工作体会. 相似文献
974.
975.
Yu Zhang Zhimin Chen Wei An Shumin Xiao Hongying Yuan Dongqing Zhang Min Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(4):252-258
Membrane bioreactors (MBR) are highly efficient at intercepting particles and microbes and have become an important technology for wastewater reclamation. However, many pathogens can accumulate in activated sludge due to the long residence time usually adopted in MBR, and thus may pose health risks when membrane integrity problems occur. This study presents data from a survey on the occurrence of water-borne Giardia pathogens in reclaimed water from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant with MBR experiencing membrane integrity failure, and assessed the associated risk for green space irrigation. Due to membrane integrity failure, the MBR effluent turbidity varied between 0.23 and 1.90 NTU over a period of eight months. Though this turbidity level still met reclaimed water quality standards (≤5 NTU), Giardia were detected at concentrations of 0.3 to 95 cysts/10 L, with a close correlation between effluent turbidity and Giardia concentration. All β-giardin gene sequences of Giardia in the WWTP influents were genotyped as Assemblages A and B, both of which are known to infect humans. An exponential dose-response model was applied to assess the risk of infection by Giardia. The risk in the MBR effluent with chlorination was 9.83 × 10-3, higher than the acceptable annual risk of 1.0 × 10-4. This study suggested that membrane integrity is very important for keeping a low pathogen level, and multiple barriers are needed to ensure the biological safety of MBR effluent. 相似文献
976.
调理剂对污泥中石油降解速率的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
试验研究了添加不同调理剂及不同量调理剂对污泥中石油生物降解的影响。结果表明:添加调理剂可以显著地提高石油生物降解速率;几种调理剂之间比较,以木为最好,蛭石次之,稻草再次之。添加6%的调理剂,在室温下培养120d,污泥中石油残留量减少了近70%。 相似文献
977.
随着人口、资源、环境与城市化的矛盾日益突出,生态城市已成为未来城市发展的主流趋势。目前中国以生态城市为建设目标的城市越来越多。通过完善的法律法规体系规范生态城市建设,对促进城市的持续、健康、协调发展具有十分重要的意义。文章采用单因子分析与系统分析方法相结合、规范分析与实证分析相结合、比较分析与法理演绎分析相结合的方法,在考察日本、美国、欧盟等国家生态城市建设立法经验的基础上,进一步探讨了中国生态城市建设立法的现状和存在的问题,并根据国外立法经验,提出相应对策。 相似文献
978.
南京2013年冬季三级分粒径雾水化学特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为研究南京冬季不同粒径雾滴的化学成分的特征,利用three-stage CASCC主动式分档雾水采集器,于2013年12月7日~12月9日南京郊区发生浓雾期间,分时段采集三级分档雾水样本,分档粒径为4~16μm(三级)、16~22μm(二级)、>22μm(一级),共计23个分档雾水样本;用瑞士万通850professional IC型色谱仪器测定水溶性阴、阳离子浓度,分析探讨了三级分粒径雾水中阴、阳离子组分的分布特征,不同粒径雾滴中阴、阳离子浓度的相关性,雾水离子浓度与污染气体以及微物理之间的关系.结果表明,南京雾水的pH值多呈酸性,雾水中的各离子成分分布都与雾滴的大小存在着尺度依赖性关系,小雾滴与大雾滴相比,小雾滴中主要离子成分浓度(NH4+,NO3-,SO42-)高、pH值小且电导率(EC)值高.同时南京雾水中的各离子浓度呈现出夜间高白天低.统计分析显示,南京雾过程中雾水组分的变化,主要源于污染源的贡献差异.结合雾滴谱和污染气体资料分析得出,雾水化学组成的变化与微物理特征以及空气中污染气体有关. 相似文献
979.
While accurately estimating electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) generation is important for building appropriate infrastructure for its collection and recycling, making reliable estimates of this kind is difficult in Hong Kong owing to the fact that neither accurate trade statistics nor sales data of relevant products are available. In view of this, data of e-products consumption at household level was collected by a tailor-made questionnaire survey from the public for obtaining a reasonable e-waste generation estimate.It was estimated that on average no more than 80,443 tonnes (11.5 kg/capita) of waste is generated from non-plasma and non-liquid crystal display televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, air-conditioners and personal computers each year by Hong Kong households. However, not more than 17% of this is disposed as waste despite a producer responsibility scheme (PRS) not being in place because of the existence of a vibrant e-waste trading sector. The form of PRS control that can possibly win most public support is one that would involve the current e-waste traders as a major party in providing the reverse logistics with a visible recycling charge levied at the point of importation. This reverse logistic service should be convenient, reliable and highly accessible to the consumers. 相似文献
980.
探索了电渗析法再生CO2电还原电解液的可行性。以HCOOK溶液作为CO2电还原反应后的模拟液,采用单室电渗析装置对其进行再生,考察了电流、时间、温度等操作条件对电流效率和再生率的影响,研究结果表明:在常温条件下,操作电流低于极限电流时,采用电渗析法再生CO2电还原电解液具有高的电流效率和再生率。 相似文献