Water Management Decision Making in the Face of Multiple Forms of Uncertainty and Risk

In the Wasatch Range Metropolitan Area of Northern Utah, water management decision makers confront multiple forms of uncertainty and risk. Adapting to these uncertainties and risks is critical for maintaining the long‐term sustainability of the region's water supply. This study draws on interview data to assess the major challenges climatic and social changes pose to Utah's water future, as well as potential solutions. The study identifies the water management adaptation decision‐making space shaped by the interacting institutional, social, economic, political, and biophysical processes that enable and constrain sustainable water management. The study finds water managers and other water actors see challenges related to reallocating water, including equitable water transfers and stakeholder cooperation, addressing population growth, and locating additional water supplies, as more problematic than the challenges posed by climate change. Furthermore, there is significant disagreement between water actors over how to best adapt to both climatic and social changes. This study concludes with a discussion of the path dependencies that present challenges to adaptive water management decision making, as well as opportunities for the pursuit of a new water management paradigm based on soft‐path solutions. Such knowledge is useful for understanding the institutional and social adaptations needed for water management to successfully address future uncertainties and risks.     

生活垃圾资源化有效利用性分析

本文对生活垃圾资源化处理进行分析,垃圾中重金属的存在直接影响其有效利用,不断强化人们的环保意识,将分拣垃圾落实到实际行动中,生活垃圾能够变废为宝。     

地震预警系统中的算法研究

通过对地震预警系统中基本算法的研究,在现有方法的基础上提出了一套地震参数快速估算的算法,以应用于地震预警系统中。该算法根据某些噪音的特殊性质,通过引入两个参数:触发时窗与取消阈值,对常用的P波初到判断方法STA/LTA(长时窗平均/短时窗平均)算法进行改进,以消除P波到达前的异常跳动点与脉冲噪音的影响,对P波到达进行识别。在识别到P波到达后,该算法实时的从P波初到后3s时窗内的竖向数据中提取出12类特征性质不同的计算参数作为估算震级,震中距等地震参数的依据,提高了震级、震中距的估算精度,减少了在大震下估算的离散性,取得了较好的结果。该算法可在地震P波到达后的几秒钟内,估算出地震相关参数,在S波到达前发出预警,并为采取相应的措施以及震后求援行动提供判断依据,达到防灾减灾的目的。     

养殖废水新型处理技术中试

针对畜禽养殖污染废水传统处理方法效率不高、噪声较大等缺点进行改进,采用"水解酸化池-塔式膜生物反应器-悬浮澄清池"工艺进行处理,结果表明:COD、氨氮去除率分别为97.5%和91%,出水水质可达GB 18596—2001《畜禽养殖污染物排放标准》。     

大巴山区化学药剂防治与农业生态环境保护对策

本文对大巴山区农业生产中用化学药剂防治状况及存在的主要问题进行了分析研究。在此基础上，提出开展农药区划和区域性宏观调控，建立农药污染监测管理机制，进一步提高综合防治技术水平和专业化防治程度，加强防止污染微观技术的研究与推广控制策略和措施，以实现对化学药剂防治与农业生态环境保护。把农业环境保护工作纳入农业发展和国家农业环境保护的总体规划。     

Enhancement of heavy metal accumulation by tissue specific co-expression of iaaM and ACC deaminase genes in plants

The aerobic riboflavin (Rf)-sensitized photodegradation of the endocrine disruptor 4,4'-isopropylidenebisphenol (bisphenol A, BPA), and of the related compounds 4,4'-isopropylidenebis(2,6-dibromophenol) and 4,4'-isopropylidenebis(2,6-dimethylphenol) has been studied in water and water-methanol mixtures through visible-light continuous photolysis, polarographic detection of oxygen uptake, stationary and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, time-resolved near-IR phosphorescence detection and laser flash photolysis techniques. Bisphenols (BPs) quench excited singlet and triplet states of Rf, with rate constants close to the diffusion limit. BPs and dissolved molecular oxygen, employed in similar concentrations, competitively quench triplet excited Rf. As a consequence, superoxide radical anion and singlet molecular oxygen (O(2)((1)Delta(g))) are produced by electron- and energy-transfer processes, respectively, as demonstrated by auxiliary experiments employing selective quenchers of both oxidative species and the exclusive O(2)((1)Delta(g)) generator Rose Bengal. As a global result, the photodegradation of Rf is retarded, whereas BPs are degraded, mainly by an O(2)((1)Delta(g))-mediated mechanism, which constitutes a relatively efficient process in the case of BPA. Oxidation, dimerization and fragmentation products have been identified in the photooxidation of BPA. Results indicate that BPs in natural waters can undergo spontaneous photodegradation under environmental conditions in the presence of adequate photosensitizers.     

清河流域水环境质量监测与评价研究

近年来,随着全球各地城市化和工业化进程的不断加快,以及人类对河流水生态系统资源的不合理、掠夺式利用,河流水生态系统遭到严重破坏,各地河流相继出现水质恶化、水文条件改变、物种多样性退化、生境条件恶劣等诸多问题。文章对辽河主要支流清河水生态系统的水质状况进行了研究,并于2012年6月,对清河流域22个监测断面水质状况进行了实地调查,对其水质状况进行了评价,结果表明:22个监测断面中,达到Ⅲ类水质断面的有8个,Ⅳ类7个,Ⅴ类1个,劣Ⅴ类6个。其中6个劣Ⅴ类断面分别因氟化物、氨氮、总磷浓度超标而为劣Ⅴ类。     

地质样品中27项元素的粉末压片法x射线荧光光谱测定

本文报导了用x射线荧光光谱法—次粉末压片制样同时测定Na. Mg. Al. Si.P. S. K. Ca. Ti. V. Cr. Mn. Fe. Co. Ni. Cu. Zn. Rb. Sr. Y. Zr. Nb. Ba. Hf. Pb. Th. U等27项元素的快速分析方法。从理论上提出了新的基体效应学校正模式,首次引入了非荧光分析的物质(筒称NFAM)的新概念;并计算了理论α系数,使理论α系数在粉末压片法x射线荧光分析中获得了应用。本方法测定的对象可以是岩石,土壤和水系沉积物等地质样品。     

硫化钠处理含汞废水

为了消除汞污染,采用硫化钠沉淀含汞废水。研究结果表明,出水中汞的含量小于国家规定的排放标准（0.05mg/L）,沉渣体积小,且化学稳定性很好,易处置。此法具有工艺简单,操作方便,反应速度快,沉淀效率高,随废水中含汞浓度的高低投加不同量的硫化钠,根据废水量的大小,可连续处理和间歇处理,处理费用低等优点。该法可在中小型化工行业中推广应用。     

TiO2/硅藻土光催化氧化降解甲基橙的研究

使用经过预处理的硅藻土做载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备硅藻土负载二氧化钛光催化剂,利用XRD和EDS对其进行表征.通过分析光催化反应的主要影响因素,研究了硅藻土负载二氧化钛光催化剂对甲基橙的催化降解效果.结果表明：负载3次,在550℃焙烧2h,制备出的负载型催化剂催化活性较高,催化剂上的TiO2为锐钛矿结构.当催化剂投加量为lg/L,溶液初始浓度为15 mg/L,pH为3,H2O2为2 mmol/L时,对甲基橙的降解效果达到最佳.