Medium optimization for the production of anti-cyanobacterial substances by Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1 using response surface methodology

Bioremediation using isolated anti-cyanobacterial microorganism has been widely applied in harmful algal blooms (HABs) control. In order to improve the secretion of activated anti-cyanobacterial substances, and lower the cost, a sequential optimization of the culture medium based on statistical design was employed for enhancing the anti-cyanobacterial substances production and chlorophyll a (Chl a) removal by Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1 in the paper. Sucrose and KNO₃ were selected as the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources based on the one-at-a-time strategy method, and sucrose, KNO₃ and initial pH were found as major factors that affected the anti-cyanobacterial ability of the isolated stain via the Plackett–Burman design. Based on the response surface and canonical analysis, the optimum condition of culture medium was obtained at 22.73 g l^-1 of sucrose, 0.96 g l^-1 of KNO₃, and initial pH 8.82, and the Chl a removal efficiency by strain HJC-D1 increased from 63?±?2 % to 78?±?2 % on the optimum conditions.     

兰坪铅锌矿区不同污染梯度下优势植物的重金属累积特征

对兰坪铅锌矿区污染程度不同的3个样地(云南松林、魁蒿群落和马桑灌丛)进行植被调查,选择其中9种共有的自然生长的优势草本植物为研究对象,测定了土壤及植物体的重金属含量.结果显示,3个样地土壤Cu、Cd、Pb和Zn等4种重金属含量均表现为马桑灌丛>魁蒿群落>云南松林;植物体内重金属积累呈现出随着土壤污染程度增加而增加的趋势;所选择的9种植物均不符合超富集植物的标准,依据不同的耐性机制将9种植物分为3类,野棉花能较强吸收土壤中重金属,并转移到地上部分,属于富集型植物;西南金丝梅、倒提壶、长籽柳叶菜、魁蒿、翻白叶和四脉金茅吸收的重金属主要积累在根部,属于根部囤积型植物;尼泊尔蓼和中华山蓼体内重金属含量较低,属于规避型植物.讨论了利用这些植物进行矿山治理.     

复合钙基固硫添加剂对煤固硫与燃烧的影响

利用程序升温燃烧反应技术,考察了高岭土复合的CaO、Fe2O3-CaO、CoO-CaO添加剂对无烟煤的燃烧以及固硫的影响。实验发现,这些添加物质对煤的裂解产物的燃烧都具有促进作用,除了Fe2O3-CaO-高岭土复合添加剂对煤焦的燃烧有一定阻碍作用之外,其余都具有对煤焦燃烧的促进作用,尤以CoO-CaO-高岭土复合添加剂的效果最为显著。高岭土复合的硫酸钙本应具有较高的热稳定性,但受到高温下煤焦与CO的还原而分解,所以添加对煤焦具有明显催化燃烧作用的氧化钴,因减少了还原性气氛,稳定了硫酸钙产物而促进了固硫。     

利用MCMP微生物制剂减少剩余污泥产量的研究

通过在3组日处理规模为5 m³/d的活性污泥法装置中进行连续进出水试验，考察了投加多功能复合微生物制剂（multifunctional compound micro-organisms preparation ，MCMP）对污水处理过程中剩余污泥减量的影响。中试研究结果表明，曝气池中，每次MCMP菌剂加入量为日处理水量的0.02%～0.04%的条件下，运行2个月装置未排放剩余污泥，有效地实现剩余污泥源头减量的预期要求。该技术不增加或改变原有污水处理工艺和运行方式，不增加处理系统总的动力消耗，并且不会对出水水质产生不良影响。     

Catalytic activity of Ru/Al2O3 for ozonation of dimethyl phthalate in aqueous solution

With dimethyl phthalate as the model pollutant and Ru/Al(2)O(3) as catalyst, this paper systemically investigates the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) of system. Our results have confirmed that Ru/Al(2)O(3) can significantly increase the effect of ozonation. TOC removal in 120 min can reach 72% while only 24% with ozone alone. The optimal catalyst preparing condition was 0.1 wt% Ru content, 600 degrees C calcination temperature, 0.5-1.0mm particle diameter, which is characterized by a high surface area and a large population of surface active sites. The contrasting experiments of ozone alone, catalyst adsorption after ozonation, and catalytic ozonation confirmed that catalytic reaction was the most important process to TOC removal in system with Ru/Al(2)O(3) as catalyst.     

Efficiency of surfactant-enhanced desorption for contaminated soils depending on the component characteristics of soil-surfactant--PAHs system

The sorption of surfactants onto soils has a significant effect on the performance of surfactant enhanced desorption. In this study, the efficiency of surfactants in enhancing desorption for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soils relative to water was evaluated with a term of relative efficiency coefficient (REC). Since the sorption of surfactants onto soils, surfactants only enhanced PAH desorption when REC values were larger than 1 and the added surfactant concentration was greater than the corresponding critical enhance desorption concentration (CEDC), which was defined as the corresponding surfactant concentration with REC=1. A model was utilized to describe and predict the REC and CEDC values for PAH desorption. The model and experimental results indicated that the efficiency of surfactants in enhancing PAH desorption showed strong dependence on the soil composition, surfactant structure and PAH properties. These results are of practical interest for the selection of surfactant to optimize soil remediation technologies.     

The study of distribution and fate of nitrobenzene in a water/sediment microcosm

In November 2005, an explosion occurred at a petrochemical plant of the Jilin Petrochemical Corporation in Jilin Province, China. A nearby water body was seriously polluted with a large spill of toxic substances made up of a mixture of benzene, aniline, and nitrobenzene (NB). To understand the long term impact of NB on public health and ecosystem around the Songhua River, it was necessary to investigate its fate in the environment. In this study, a microcosm was used to mimic the polluted water system and to study the transport and fate of NB in the river water body. The volatility and biodegradation of NB was investigated and a Markov model was applied to predict the fate of NB in the environment. The simulated results matched very well with the results obtained from the microcosm experiment. The model indicated that at room temperature and after around 500 h, there was only residual NB in the water and sediment. Most of the NB (around 82%) evaporated into the air and 18% was degraded by microorganisms.     

Well water contaminated by acidic mine water from the Dabaoshan Mine, south China: chemistry and toxicity

An investigation into well water quality was carried out in a rural area subject to irrigation with acidic mine water from the Guangdong Dabaoshan Mine, southern China. The results of water pH measurements from 112 wells in two different seasons suggest that the well water has been contaminated to varying degrees in the investigated Shangba floodplain (approximately 11km south of the Guangdong Dabaoshan Mine). There is a trend that well water pH increased southwards, suggesting that the impacts of acidic irrigation water on groundwater decreased with increasing distance to the entry point of acidic irrigation water. Water quality monitoring results of the selected wells show that Cu and Cd in the water exceeded the limits set in the Chinese National Standards for Drinking Water (GB 5749-85) for the wells close to the irrigation water source. If the World Health Organization (WHO) standard was considered, Cd in some wells was almost 10 times as high as the WHO guideline value (0.003mg l(-1)). Water collected from the location closest to the acidic irrigation water source was acutely toxic to the test organism (Daphnia carinata) even after 51 time dilution. It is likely that the extremely high mortality rate of the local population reported for the study area is at least partly related to the high levels of heavy metals, particularly Cd in the drinking well water.     

好氧污泥颗粒化过程的影响因素分析

影响好氧颗粒污泥性质的因素多且复杂,具有灰色系统的特点.应用了灰色关联分析方法对好氧颗粒污泥的重要参数污泥体积指数(SVI)、沉降速率、颗粒粒径和污泥浓度(MLSS)进行了关联影响分析.结果表明:对颗粒污泥SVI的影响顺序为沉降速率＞颗粒粒径＞ MLSS,说明沉降速率对活性污泥的形态转变和颗粒化过程的作用最明显,SVI可作为评判颗粒化进程的一个理想指标;沉降速率对MLSS的影响最弱;颗粒粒径的最佳值为1.3～1.5 mm,此时,颗粒粒径对SVI降低的贡献最大,从而使颗粒污泥的沉降性能得到很大改善,并且使MLSS达到最大.