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181.
182.
重金属对方形网纹溞的毒性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在静置换水条件下,研究了重金属对方形网纹的急性毒性和生活周期毒性。Hg2+、Cu2+、Cr6+和Zn2+在25±1℃下对方形网纹的4shEC50分别为0.0100、0.0254、0.144和0.2828mg/L。Hg2+对方形网纹的7d生活周期毒性试验,以存活、生长和生殖为毒性指标,未觉察反应浓度(NOEC)为5·9μgNL,最低觉察反应浓度(LOEc)为11.83μg/L,其毒性阈限在二者之间。重金属对方形网纹与大型及鱼类的急性毒性比较和Hg2+对类生活周期的毒性比较均表明方形网纹较为敏感。 相似文献
183.
不同水肥管理对太湖流域稻田磷素径流和渗漏损失的影响 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
于2010和2011年在太湖流域开展了为期2年的田间定位试验,对2种灌溉模式(常规连续淹灌与干湿交替节灌)和4种施肥管理(不施氮、常规尿素、控释BB肥与树脂包膜尿素)条件下稻田田面水和渗漏水总磷(TP)、溶解态磷(DP)和颗粒态磷(PP)浓度的动态变化及磷素径流和渗漏损失进行了研究.结果表明:田面水TP和DP浓度变化趋势相同,均在施肥后1 d达到最高值,之后急剧下降;渗漏水TP和DP浓度变化趋势也相同,均在施肥后7 d达到最高值,然后逐渐下降.PP是田面水磷素的主要形态,DP是渗漏水磷素的主要形态.节灌降低了田面水和渗漏水磷浓度但对DP/TP影响不大,同时降低了TP径流流失量(24.7%~57.4%)和渗漏淋失量(21.0%~25.3%).施氮增加了田面水和渗漏水的磷浓度,也导致了更高的TP径流和渗漏损失.与常规尿素相比,控释BB肥提高了田面水和渗漏水的磷浓度及TP损失量,而树脂包膜尿素降低了田面水和渗漏水的磷浓度和TP损失量.综上,干湿交替节灌结合树脂包膜尿素施用能有效降低稻田磷素径流和渗漏损失,削减农业面源污染. 相似文献
184.
青霉菌GX2对蒽醌染料的吸附作用 总被引:27,自引:1,他引:27
GX2生长菌体对 4种蒽醌染料均表现出优良的吸附性能 ,但由于染料分子的结构不同 ,吸附速率和吸附率也表现出一定的差异 .染料对菌体的生长具有一定的抑制作用 ,但即使在很高的染料浓度下 ,GX2生长菌体仍表现出很强的吸附性能 .对 250mg/L活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附率高达 100% ,对 400mg/LKN R的吸附率也可达91.4% .在 0~2%范围内 ,随着盐度 (NaCl)的增加 ,菌体干重增加 ;颗粒状菌团的直径却随之减小 ,比表面积增大 ,对GX2生长菌体的染料吸附表现出较为明显的促进作用 .碳源浓度通过影响菌体的生长而影响染料吸附 ,当培养基中的葡萄糖浓度大于 2.5g/L时 ,即可使浓度为 120mg/L的活性艳蓝KN R溶液完全脱色 .生长菌体具有比静止活体和死体更好的吸附性能 . 相似文献
185.
The aggregation and dispersion behaviors of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can regulate the environmental spread and fate of CNTs, as
well as the organic pollutants adsorbed onto them. In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and single-walled carbon
nanotubes (SWNTs) were surface modified with humic acids from di erent sources and with surfactants of di erent ionic types. The
dispersion stability of surface modified CNTs was observed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The e ect of humic acid and surfactant
dispersion on the adsorption of atrazine by CNTs was investigated by batch equilibrium experiments. Both humic acid and surfactant
could e ectively disperse MWNTs, but not SWNTs, into stable suspensions under the studied conditions. Surface modified CNTs had
a greatly reduced capacity for adsorption of atrazine. The inhibitory e ect of peat humic acid was relatively stronger than that of soil
humic acid, but the two surfactants had a similar inhibitory e ect on atrazine adsorption by the two CNT types. Increases in surfactant
concentration resulted in rapid decreases in the adsorption of atrazine by CNTs when the surfactant concentration was less than 0.5
critical micelle concentration. 相似文献
186.
研究并探讨了蔬菜作物在施用耐氨固氮菌后的生长、生理反应及增产的效果和原因。试验结果表明施用耐氨固氮菌显著增加了蔬菜苗期生物量、叶面积和叶片的叶绿素含量,同时还增强了植株的根系活力,并有明显的增产效果。耐氨固氮菌促进增产的作用不仅与其本身的固氮作用有关,还可能与其分泌出某些生长刺激物(或激素)有关。 相似文献
187.
188.
189.
A Pilot Study on Using Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene Biomarker for Exposure to PAHs in Beijing 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Zhang W Xu D Zhuang G Ding C Wang G Chang J Ren G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,131(1-3):387-394
To study whether the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) could be the biomarker of atmospheric PAHs, a small-scale pilot study
was carried out on the relation of 1-OHP vs PAHs with the traffic policemen in Beijing of smokers and nonsmokers to be subgroups
in both the exposure and control groups. Both the PAHs and 1-OHP were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC). The ambient concentrations of PAHs were different at the different sites (the average sum of PAHs (TPAH) were 12.36,
16.27, 18.37 ng/m3 at the suburban residential, police station and high traffic area, respectively.), but considerably lower than the personal-exposure
concentrations (the average TPAH were 65.84 and 47.28 ng/m3 for patrol cars and inspection station, respectively). Pyrene was correlated well with BaP and the summed PAHs (TPAH), with
the correlation coefficients (R) of 0.79, 0.87 for ambient level and 0.92, 0.96 for personal exposure, respectively. The average of 1-hydroxypyrene of smokers
and nonsmokers were 0.39, 0.15 μmol/mol creatinine in control group and 0.57, 0.33 μmol/mol creatinine in exposure group,
respectively. The better correlation of pyrene to BaP and TPAH especially for personal exposure samples indicated that the
probability of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, the metabolite of pyrene, to be the biomarker of total PAH. Nonsmokers in the exposure
and control groups had indistinguishable levels of 1-OHP, presumably because the ambient levels of pyrene were so similar
(the average were 3.25, 3.20 ng/m3 at the police station and high traffic area, respectively.). Smokers in the control group had significantly higher 1-OHP
than that of the nonsmokers, but showed indistinguishable differences in the exposure group. These results suggested that
urinary 1-OHP could be a biomarker of PAHs only when the level of PAHs was at a relatively higher level. Smoking as an important
influencing factor need to be controlled carefully. 相似文献
190.
Haotian Hao Yili Wang Baoyou Shi Kun Han Yuan Zhuang Yan Kong Xin Huang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(11):107-116
Dye wastewater containing heavy metal ions is a common industrial effluent with complex physicochemical properties.The treatment of metal–dye binary wastewater is difficult.In this work,a novel in-situ ferrite process(IFP) was applied to treat Methylene Blue(MB)–Cu(II)binary wastewater,and the operational parameters were optimized for MB removal.Results showed that the optimum operating conditions were OH/M of 1.72,Cu~(2+)/Fe~(2+)ratio of 1/2.5,reaction time of 90 min,aeration intensity of 320 mL/min,and reaction temperature of40°C.Moreover,the presence of Ca~(2+)and Mg~(2+)moderately influenced the MB removal.Physical characterization results indicated that the precipitates yielded in IFP presented high surface area(232.50 m2/g) and a multi-porous structure.Based on the Langmuir model,the maximum adsorption capacity toward MB was 347.82 mg/g for the precipitates produced in IFP,which outperformed most other adsorbents.Furthermore,IFP rapidly sequestered MB with removal efficiency 5 to 10 times greater than that by general ferrite adsorption,which suggested a strong enhancement of MB removal by IFP.The MB removal process by IFP showed two different high removal stages,each with a corresponding removal mechanism.In the first brief stage(5 min),the initial high MB removal(~95%)was achieved by predominantly electrostatic interactions.Then the sweep effect and encapsulation were dominant in the second longer stage. 相似文献