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Researches on modified Fenton reactions applied in phenol degradation have been focused on reducing secondary pollution and enhancing catalytic efficiency. Newly developed methods utilizing carriers, such as Resin and Nafion, to immobilize Fe(2+) could avoid iron ion leakage. However, the requirement of high temperature and the limited reaction efficiency still restrained them from broad application. Based on a recently discovered "hidden talent" of ferromagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), we established a MNP-catalyzed phenol removal assay, which could overcome these limitations. Our results showed that the MNPs removed over 85% phenol from aqueous solution within 3h even at 16 °C. The catalytic condition was extensively optimized among a range of pH, temperature as well as initial concentration of phenol and H(2)O(2). TOC and GC/MS analysis revealed that about 30% phenol was mineralized while the rest became small molecular organic acids. Moreover the MNPs were thermo-stable and could be regenerated for at least five rounds. Thus, our findings open up a wide spectrum of environmental friendly applications of MNPs showing several attractive features, such as easy preparation, low cost, thermo-stability and reusability. 相似文献
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Metal oxides have great potential for controlling the fate and transport of viruses in the subsurface and water-treatment systems. The processes, however, are subject to solution chemistry. In this study, a number of column experiments were conducted to examine the effects of solution pH and anions (carbonate and phosphate) on attachment, transport, and inactivation of two bacteriophages (phiX174 and MS-2) in goethite-coated sand medium. Removal of both viruses on goethite-coated sand increased as solution pH decreased from 9.3 to 7.5, due mostly to virus inactivation. MS-2, a relatively hydrophobic virus with a lower isoelectric point (3.9), was more sensitive to the change of solution pH than phiX174, a relatively hydrophilic virus with a higher isoelectric point (6.6), in terms of their attachment and inactivation on goethite. About 90% of the MS-2 particles removed by goethite (accounting for 81% of the total input) were inactivated at pH 7.5, whereas all of the removed MS-2 particles (accounting for 10% of the total input) still remained infectious at pH 9.3. In comparison, approximately 74% of the goethite-bound phiX174 particles (accounting for 95% of the total input) lost their infectivity at pH 7.5, in contrast to a complete recovery at pH 9.3 (accounting for 65% of the total input) when the columns were eluted using a beef extract solution (pH 9.5). Presence of phosphate (20 mM H(2)PO(4)(-)) in input solution reduced virus attachment and appeared to protect the viruses from being inactivated during transport; this effect was more significant on MS-2 than on phiX174. Specifically, approximately 29% of the phiX174 particles and approximately 49% of MS-2 particles injected into the column were removed during transport. Mass recovery data showed that no phiX174 was inactivated in the presence of phosphate, whereas about 38% of the MS-2 particles attached on goethite lost their infectivity. Conversely, presence of carbonate on goethite increased virus attachment and inactivation due to contribution of additional attachment sites from protonated surface groups of the carbonate ions that were adsorbed on goethite. About 70% of the total input viruses (both phiX174 and MS-2) were removed during transport, of which 35% phiX174 and 85% MS-2 were eventually inactivated. 相似文献
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Xuliang Zhuang Zhen Han Zhihui Bai Hojae Shim 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1119-1126
Environments with high-salt concentrations are often populated by dense microbial communities. Halophilic microorganisms can be isolated from different saline environments and different strains even belonging to the same genus have various applications. Wastewater and soil rich in both organic matter and salt are difficult to treat using conventional microorganisms typically found in wastewater treatment and soil bioremediation facilities. Studies on decontaminative capabilities and decontamination pathways of organic contaminants (i.e., aromatic compounds benzoate, cinnamate, 3-phenylpropionate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid), heavy metals (i.e., tellurium, vanadium), and nutrients in the biological treatment of saline wastewater and soil by halophilic microorganisms are discussed in this review. 相似文献
278.
聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂的制备及其在印染废水处理中的应用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以粉煤灰为主要原料制备了聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂。通过L16(45)正交实验得出粉煤灰中Al3+和Fe3+的最佳浸取实验条件为焙烧温度900℃,m(Na2CO3)∶m(粉煤灰)=0.10,浸取温度为70℃,盐酸质量分数20%,浸取时间为2.0h。通过L9(34)正交实验得出聚硅酸铝铁的最佳制备条件为n(聚硅酸)∶n(Al3+)=1∶0.5,n(聚硅酸)∶n(Fe3+)=1∶0.5,浸出液pH为5.0,熟化温度为60℃。利用制得的聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂对200mL模拟印染废水进行处理,在絮凝剂加入量为4mL时絮凝效果最好,透光率超过70%。 相似文献
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液氨泄漏可引起火灾、爆炸和中毒事故,针对液氨泄漏中毒事故的危害,提出了采用有毒作业分级方法和液氨泄漏扩散半径估算法评估液氨使用场所的潜在危险程度和危害范围,给出了评估实例。 相似文献
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