活性炭吸附和脱附-等离子体氧化净化有机废气

根据滑动弧放电等离子体适于降解高浓度有机物废气的特性,结合活性炭吸附法,提出了吸附器的吸附浓缩和热脱附-等离子体氧化净化有机废气技术。实际运行结果表明:对于处理低浓度、大风量的有机废气,该技术与其他技术相比具有净化效率高、二次污染小和节省能耗等优点。     

Optimization of H2O2 dosage in microwave-H2O2 process for sludge pretreatment with uniform design method

A microwave-H₂O₂ process for sludge pretreatment exhibited high efficiencies of releasing organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus, but large quantities of H₂O₂ residues were detected. A uniform design method was thus employed in this study to further optimize H₂O₂ dosage by investigating effects of pH and H₂O₂ dosage on the amount of H₂O₂ residue and releases of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus. A regression model was established with pH and H₂O₂ dosage as the independent variables, and H₂O₂ residue and releases of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus as the dependent variables. In the optimized microwave-H₂O₂ process, the pH value of the sludge was firstly adjusted to 11.0, then the sludge was heated to 80℃ and H₂O₂ was dosed at a H₂O₂:mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) ratio of 0.2, and the sludge was finally heated to 100℃ by microwave irradiation. Compared to the microwave-H₂O₂ process without optimization, the H₂O₂ dosage and the utilization rate of H₂O₂ in the optimized microwave-H₂O₂ process were reduced by 80% and greatly improved by 3.87 times, respectively, when the H₂O₂:MLSS dosage ratio was decreased from 1.0 to 0.2, resulting in nearly the same release rate of soluble chemical oxygen demand in the microwave-H₂O₂ process without optimization at H₂O₂:MLSS ratio of 0.5.     

湛江市环境管理信息系统建设研究

湛江市地方环境特点和环保局职能，介绍了该市环境管理信息系统的开发目的，系统，结构设计，主要等，该系统在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５环境下，以Ｆｏｘｐｒｏ３．０为主要支持工具，结合其他ＧＩＳ软件，模型采用ＦｏｒｔｒａｎｆｏｒＷｉｎｄｏｗｓＶｉｓｕａｌＣ＋＋４．０为编程语言，建立了全 中文界面的多媒体环境管理信息系统。     

Effects of silver nanoparticles with different dosing regimens and exposure media on artificial ecosystem

Due to the wide use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in various fields, it is crucial to explore the potential negative impacts on the aquatic environment of AgNPs entering into the environment in different ways. In this study, comparative experiments were conducted to investigate the toxicological impacts of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) with two kinds of dosing regimens, continuous and one-time pulsed dosing, in different exposure media (deionized water and XiangJiang River water). There were a number of quite different experimental results (including 100% mortality of zebrafish, decline in the activity of enzymes, and lowest number and length of adventitious roots) in the one-time pulsed dosing regimen at high PVP-AgNP concentration exposure (HOE) compared to the three other treatments. Meanwhile, we determined that the concentration of leached silver ions from PVP-AgNPs was too low to play a role in zebrafish death. Those results showed that HOE led to a range of dramatic ecosystem impacts which were more destructive than those of other treatments. Moreover, compared with the continuous dosing regimen, despite the fact that higher toxicity was observed for HOE, there was little difference in the removal of total silver from the aquatic environment for the different dosing regimens. No obvious differences in ecological impacts were observed between different water columns under low concentration exposure. Overall, this work highlighted the fact that the toxicity of AgNPs was impacted by different dosing regimens in different exposure media, which may be helpful for assessments of ecological impacts on aquatic environments.     

湖泊沉积物-水界面系列采样装置的研制

介绍了系列采样装置,包括沉积物-水界面取样器,孔隙水隔气抽取装置和电渗析沉积物剖面切割工作台等。可对75m深水湖泊采集到30—90cm的沉积物术及10—30cm底层水样品,并可在野外现场分样和提取孔隙水。沉积物分样的厚度最小是0.1cm。整套装置重量轻、可拆卸、操作简便且便于野外运输。     

遵义市PM10和PM2.5污染水平时间分布及其与气象条件的关系研究

对遵义市2014年1月1日-12月31日大气颗粒物在线监测数据分析结果表明,全年PM10和PM2.5质量浓度的变化幅度较大,但变化趋势相似,且具有较好的相关性,其中冬季>春季>秋季>夏季;日变化呈双峰特征分布,夜间峰值比中午峰值大,且夜间PM2.5浓度呈区域性变化特征.选取日平均气温、相对湿度及风速等气象因子,利用Spearman秩相关分析表明遵义市全年PM10和PM2.5质量浓度与气温、相对湿度及风速等气象条件均呈负相关.     

二氧化硫对小鼠肺细胞DNA损伤的研究

运用单细胞凝胶电泳技术（又称彗星试验）研究了SO2吸入对小鼠肺细胞DNA的损伤。结果发现，SO2可引起小鼠肺细胞DNA损伤，随SO2吸入浓度的增高而DNA损伤加重，具有明确的剂量效应关系。结果指出，即使在低浓度SO2吸入（7mg/m^3）的条件下，有DNA损伤的肺细胞也达96．8％，表明肺细胞对SO2的毒作用非常敏感。结果还指出，SO2对雌性小鼠肺细胞的DNA损伤比雄性小鼠弱，其原因尚待研究。     

黔中岩溶地区草地土壤CO2的稳定碳同位素组成

黔中岩溶地区草地土壤 CO₂ 的δ¹³C值在地 -气界面层上随土层深度的增加而降低 ,在地 -气界面层以下 ,土壤 CO₂ 的δ¹³C值基本不变 .土壤 CO₂ 的 δ¹³C值存在季节变化与昼夜变化的特征 .夏季 CO₂ 的 δ¹³C值最高 (-15.5‰ ) ,冬季 CO₂ 的 δ¹³C值最低 (-18.9‰) ;从夏季到冬季 ,土壤 CO₂ 的 δ¹³C稳定值逐渐降低 ,降低幅度超过 3‰ .在一天中 ,中午土壤 CO₂ 的 δ¹³C值最高(-14.0‰ ) ,早晚土壤 CO₂ 的δ¹³C值较低 (-15.4‰ )     

Linear alkylbenzenes in riverine runoff of the Pearl River Delta (China) and their application as anthropogenic molecular markers in coastal environments

The average concentrations of ∑LABs (sum of C₁₀-C₁₃-LABs) in runoff samples collected from the eight major riverine outlets of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China ranged from 1.4 to 6124 ng/L in the dissolved phase and from 0.01 to 11.4 μg/g dry weight in the particulate phase during March 2005-February 2006. The annual riverine flux of ∑LABs from the PRD to the coastal ocean was estimated at approximately 14 tons/yr. The inventories of ∑LABs in agricultural lands of Guangdong Province ranged from 313 to 1825 kg/yr. The early and late rice fields were the major sink of LABs, accounting for approximately 68% of total LABs inventory in agricultural lands. The social-economically estimated annual discharge of LABs from household detergents in the PRD was ∼696 tons/yr, more than an order of magnitude higher than that estimated from field measurements (about 14 tons/yr), which was attributed to several factors.     

大豆蛋白和屠宰废水处理工艺研究

介绍了两公司大豆蛋白废水的水质水量和性质特征，分析工程的工艺设计和调试运行状况。对大豆蛋白和屠宰废水的处理，采用混和处理的总体工艺，理论研究和运行实践表明，混和处理利于均衡生物处理营养，优化厌氧处理工艺型式及参数。污泥培养时，尽快从间歇运行变为连续运行，利于基质和污泥的混和接触，促进油脂和脂肪酸的降解，防止油和脂肪酸的积累及其抑制作用，防止油脂包覆污泥，造成污泥漂浮流失。