浊度与微生物指标在污水再生处理系统中的去除特性及相关性

本研究考察了污水再生处理系统对颗粒物(包括浊度和粒径分布)和微生物指标(包括隐孢子虫、贾第鞭毛虫、粪大肠菌群和SC噬菌体)的去除特性以及不同指标间的相关关系。研究结果表明,污水再生处理系统对浊度的平均去除率为3.53-log,其中二级生化处理及砂滤对浊度的去除率较高,分别为1.52-log和1.35-log。粒径分析结果表明,絮凝沉淀后粒径均值达到最大值223.2μm;而再生水中粒径均值最小,仅为5.8μm。污水再生处理系统对各微生物指标的去除率为2.96-log~4.11-log。各处理单元中,二级生化处理单元对粪大肠菌群和SC噬菌体的去除率较高,分别为2.81-log及2.14-log;而砂滤对SC噬菌体去除效果较差,仅为0.18-log。从再生处理工艺整体上看,水样浊度、粪大肠菌群、SC噬菌体和两虫浓度具有显著相关性。而对于单个取样点,除污水厂进水中SC噬菌体和两虫浓度表现出一定相关性外,其他情况下各指标与两虫浓度间均无显著相关关系。     

流化催化裂化中DeSOx催化剂的研究

用共沉淀法合成了三个系列的ＤｅＳＯｘ催化剂：铜类催化剂、铈类催化剂、铜铈类催化剂。模拟流化催化裂化（ＦＣＣ）条件,分别考察了催化剂的组成、水热处理、反应温度、体系中氧气浓度为ＳＯｘ吸附容量的影响,研究了催化剂吸附ＳＯｘ后的再生性能,同时将合成催化剂与工业催化剂（ＩＮＴＥＲＣＡＴ公司的ＤｅＳＯｘ催化剂）的ＤｅＳＯｘ性能进行了比较。结果表明,随 反应温度５的升高,催化剂的ＳＯｘ吸附容量出现一极大值;水     

再生胶清洁生产评价指标的构建

为了对废旧轮胎回收利用生产再生胶过程实施生命周期评价,对再生胶行业生产过程的环境影响进行了识别。以此为依据初步建立了一套再生胶行业清洁生产评价指标体系,并结合生命周期评价结果对部分指标和权重予以说明。最后对我国废旧轮胎回收利用生产再生胶行业清洁生产标准的制定提出了建议。     

深圳西丽水库水质研究

在西丽水库近8年水质监测(2005-2012年)的基础上,分析水库的主要污染物及其产生原因,研究西丽水库的水质变化规律,其水质状况为良好。铁、总氮、总磷、氨氮、粪大肠菌群、锰是西丽水库的主要污染物。     

中国沿海地区台风灾害损失评估研究

沿海地区作为人口积聚、国民经济和社会发展的重要区域和战略中心,在台风灾害中遭受的损失往往是惨重和致命的,所以亟待开展沿海地区台风灾害损失评估研究。根据1990-2007年的台风灾情资料,选取代表性指标尝试构建了台风灾情评估模型,并对沿海省市的台风灾害损失及其与致灾因子的关系进行分析评价。结果显示:除个别区域外,沿海地区台风灾害损失都呈下降趋势,但各区域下降的幅度不等,其中浙江省、江苏省和海南省下降幅度较低,均不足10%;浙江省、福建省和广东省18年间平均台风灾害损失较大;上海市以南各区域台风大风和暴雨的频次多、强度大,灾害损失大。     

The Potential Influence of Seasonal Climate Variables on the Net Primary Production of Forests in Eastern China

Knowledge of the effects of climate factors on net primary production (NPP) is pivotal to understanding ecosystem processes in the terrestrial carbon cycle. Our goal was to evaluate four different categories of effects (physical, climatic, NDVI, and all effects[global]) as predictors of forest NPP in eastern China. We developed regression models with data from 221 NPP in eastern China and identified the best model with each of the four categories of effects. Models explained a large part of the variability in NPP, ranging from 46.8% in global model to 36.5% in NDVI model. In the most supported global model, winter temperature and sunshine duration negatively affected NPP, while winter precipitation positively affected NPP. Thus, winter climate conditions play an important role in modulating forest NPP of eastern China. Spring temperature had a positive affect on NPP, which was likely because a favorable warm climate in the early growing season promotes forest growth. Forest NPP was also negatively affected by summer and autumn temperatures, possibly because these are related to temperature induced drought stress. In the NDVI model, forest NPP was affected by NDVI in spring (positive), summer (negative) and winter (negative) seasons. Our study provides insight into seasonal effects of climate and NPP of forest in China, as well as useful knowledge for the development of climate-vegetation models.     

Removal of dicofol from water by immobilized cellulase and its reaction kinetics

Researches on the removal of dicofol catalyzed by immobilized cellulase were conducted. Factors, such as acidity, temperature, enzyme activity, and initial concentration of dicofol, which could influence the removal were studied. The optimal pH for dicofol removal by immobilized cellulase was approximately 4–7, broader than that for free enzymes. The removal efficiencies for immobilized and free cellulase both decreased with increasing initial concentration of dicofol. The K_m for immobilized cellulase was slightly lower than that of free cellulase, suggesting that substrate affinity may be enhanced by immobilization. The optimum temperatures for immobilized and free cellulase were 45 °C and 50 °C. The removal reaction for immobilized cellulase was found to be a first-order reaction. The activation energy was 64.3 kJ mol⁻¹. The continuous oxidation of dicofol carried out in the static system of immobilized cellulase showed that the removal efficiency of immobilized cellulase remained after six cycles of operation. Thus, the catalytic efficiency of cellulase was improved greatly. As evidenced by infrared and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry data, the mechanism of reaction might involve an attack by the OH free radical of cellulase at a weak location of the dicofol molecule, resulting in the removal of three chlorine atoms from dicofol, thus oxygenizing dicofol and producing 4,4′-dichloro-dibenzophenone.     

Size-dependent biological effect of copper oxide nanoparticles exposure on cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have received considerable attention for their toxic effects on crops and potential application in agriculture. In order to investigate the biological effects of CuO NPs on plants, we exposed cucumber (Cucumis sativus) to two sizes of CuO NPs (510 nm, μCuO and 43 nm, nCuO). Results indicated that with concentration increased, the available Cu content in soil increased significantly. The addition of CuO NPs increased Cu content and other nutrient element (e.g., K, P, Mn, and Zn) content in plants. However, diverse particle sizes had different effects. The nCuO treatment had larger translocation factor, higher nutrient element content in fruits, and lower oxidative damage than μCuO treatment. Moreover, nCuO of 100 mg/kg could stimulate cucumber growth, while μCuO had no obvious effects on growth. Conclusively, CuO NPs could be used as copper fertilizer to supply copper to cucumber. The nCuO had better effects on improving the bioavailability of Cu and nutritional value of fruits. These results can help develop strategies for safe disposal of CuO NPs as agricultural fertilizer.

     

保护环境 共建我们的家园

随着人类社会的进步,经济文明的发展,全球的环境问题日益严重,建设绿色的家园成为全世界人民的迫切愿望和各国政府的责任。我国作为一个发展大国,如何保护环境,解决环境污染问题,笔者认为解决环境问题的基本思路是首先政府要转变观念,通过立法、税收等强制性手段来保护环境,通过技术创新来解决环保中的技术问题,将环境污染的程度降到最低。