PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF THE NONLINEAR MUSKINGUM MODEL USING HARMONY SEARCH1

ABSTRACT: A newly developed heuristic algorithm, Harmony Search, is applied to the parameter estimation problem of the nonlinear Muskingum model. Harmony Search found better values of parameters in the nonlinear Muskingum model than five other methods including another heuristic method, genetic algorithm, in terms of SSQ (the sum of the square of the deviations between the observed and routed outflows), SAD (the sum of the absolute value of the deviations between the observed and routed outflows), DPO (deviations of peak of routed and actual flows), and DPOT (deviations of peak time of routed and actual outflow). Harmony Search also has the advantage that it does not require the process of assuming the initial values of design parameters. The sensitivity analysis of Harmony Memory Considering Rate showed that relatively large values of Harmony Memory Considering Rate makes the Harmony Search converge to a better solution.     

生活垃圾填埋场建设项目环保验收调查方法研究简

垃圾填埋场建设项目的主要环境问题包括：渗沥液排放、地下水环境污染、大气环境污染、噪声污染、景观变化和环境安全。根据工作经验,建立了包括建设项目基本情况、生态环境影响、社会环境影响、生态环境保护措施四大类调查监测指标为核心的环保验收调查指标体系,提出了文件资料核实、现场勘查、遥感调查、公众意见调查、环境监测和摄影法为主的建设项目竣工环保验收调查技术方法。     

Daily Bank Erosion Rates in the Lower Yellow River Before and After Dam Construction

During the period of water impoundment and sediment detention of the Sanmenxia Reservoir, riverbank erosion processes played a key role in the channel evolution of the Lower Yellow River (LYR). However, research into bank erosion rates of the LYR has been neglected due to the lack of direct field monitoring. In this study, an indirect method is proposed to determine bank erosion rates at daily time scales by outlining a detailed calculation procedure using measured hydrological data. A total of 810 data points of daily bank erosion rates before and after the construction of Sanmenxia Dam was calculated at seven hydrometric sections along the LYR, with the corresponding values of the bank stability coefficient and the width‐to‐depth ratio also being calculated. Empirical relations were then developed to estimate the daily bank erosion rates, using these parameters at the sections. Temporal and spatial variability in daily bank erosion rates in the LYR before and after dam construction were also investigated, revealing that: (1) the bank erosion rates had a mean value of 16.7‐29.1 m/day in the braided reach, with a maximum value of 290.0 m/day, while they were relatively low in the meandering reach, with a mean value of 2.5 m/day; (2) the erosion rates before dam construction were slightly greater than those after dam construction, with the difference reaching 5‐10 m/day in the braided reach, decreasing in the transitional reach gradually, and being slight in the meandering reach.     

钛基改性DSA电极氧化法去除水中全氟化合物

为了提高金属氧化物电极(DSA电极)的稳定性及催化活性,实现全氟化合物(PFCs)的高效降解,分别以溶胶涂覆法和电沉积法制备了改性DSA(Ti/SnO_2-ZnO)电极,并用于全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的电化学降解过程研究.实验分别考察了电流密度、溶液初始pH、 PFOA与PFOS初始浓度对PFCs降解效果的影响.结果表明:两种方法制备的改性DSA电极表面均匀负载了SnO_2-ZnO复合涂层.在二维电极体系中,极板面积约为65.0 cm~2,电流密度为20.0 mA·cm~(-2),极板间距为15.0 mm,电解质为1.30 g·L~(-1)次氯酸钠溶液以及电解时间为150 min时,溶胶涂覆法和电沉积法所制备的Ti/SnO_2-ZnO电极对初始浓度为100 mg·L~(-1)的PFOA和PFOS分别在pH为3.50和6.50时去除效果最佳,分别达到了90.6%、94.6%和91.0%、93.7%;循环使用电极3次,其降解过程均符合准一级反应动力学,且电沉积法制备的电极效果优于溶胶涂敷法,表现出对PFCs类污染物稳定、高效的去除能力.     

From waste hot-pot oil as carbon precursor to development of recyclable attapulgite/carbon composites for wastewater treatment

The utilization of waste products as valuable materials was a technical imperative for waste management. In this study, the cost-effective attapulgite/carbon(APT/C) composite was developed for wastewater treatment using waste hot-pot oil as a carbon precursor through a facile one-step calcination process. The APT/C composite prepared at 300°C exhibited the excellent adsorption capacity and rapid equilibrium rate over a broad p H range for the removal of various pollutants. More importantly, the removal ratios of the composites toward Methyl Violet and tetracycline still remained 77.6% and 60.2% of the initial adsorption capacity after ten adsorption–regeneration cycles via a facile thermal regeneration strategy, respectively.Beyond all doubt, this research provided a feasible and economical way for the sustainable utilization of waste hot-pot oil in wastewater treatment, achieving the concept of disposal waste with waste and recycling.     

环境侵权的公益诉讼研究

环境权是公民的法定权益，通过诉讼的途径和机制排除环境侵害是最为有效和可取的。本文正是在分析了环境侵权的种类及特点的基础上，对环境侵权提起公益诉讼进行了研究，并指出建立环境侵权公益诉讼制度的可行性和必要性。     

浅谈危险化学品从业单位安全标准化

近一段时间以来,危险化学品事故频发,造成了严重的社会影响.胡锦涛总书记和党中央、国务院领导对此高度关注,并分别做出重要批示,要求深刻分析事故多发的原因,切实加强危险化学品综合治理和事故防范工作.为切实落实国家的相关法律和规定,强化企业安全生产主体责任,建立安全生产长效机制,提高企业本质安全水平,国家安监总局下发了<关于开展安全质量标准化活动的指导意见>,要求在全国范围内广泛开展安全质量标准化活动.     

蔬菜的硝态氮累积及菜地土壤的硝态氮残留

在不同季节对11类、48种蔬菜的测定表明,硝态氮含量高于325mg·kg^-1,达到4级污染水平的有20种,占调查总数的41.7%,包括全部叶菜类、部分瓜类、根菜类和葱蒜类蔬菜.其中硝态氮含量高于700mg·kg^-1,超过4级污染水平的有5种,均为叶菜类蔬菜.叶菜硝态氮累积虽为严重,但其中部分蔬菜叶片的硝态氮含量却低于3级污染水平对不同类型菜地和农田土壤的测定发现,菜地0～200cma各土层的硝态氮残留量均高于农田土壤,常年露天菜地200cm土层的硝态氮残留总量为1358.8kg·hm^-2年大棚菜田为1411.8kg·hm^-2,5年大棚则达1520.9kg·hm^-2,而一般农田仅为245.4kg·hm^-2.菜地土壤的硝态氮残留严重威胁菜区地下水环境.     

城市土地利用生态经济适宜性评价—以天津居住新区为例

土地利用生态经济评价是近年来国际上进行土地开发与规划,合理利用土地资源的一种重要手段.土地利用不仅要考虑经济上的合理性,而且要考虑与其相关的社会效益和环境效益.本文运用城市复合生态系统理论,采用计算机辅助支持下的定性与定量分析相结合方法,通过专家咨询对评价指标体系中的关键指标进行筛选,在上地利用生态潜力与限制性分析的基础上,采用等级合并规则的选图分析法,得到天津市居住新区土地利用生态适宜性等级.该项结果可为天津市有关决策部门进行居住新区规划提供科学依据.     

夜间贴地逆温分布预测模式研究

本文通过对夜间逆温分布试验数据的研究,提出了一个新的晴朗夜间贴地逆温分布预测模式,以及风速、相对湿度、地面温差三项修正系数的确定方法,模式预测结果与实测值比较,吻合程度优于其他模式,新的预测方法可以满足大气环境评价和空气污染潜势预报的要求,能够替代夜间低空探空试验。