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51.
建立了气相色谱法(GC)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定水中苦味酸的分析方法,并对2种方法进行比较。GC法检出限为0.000 4 mg/L,线性范围为0.0~0.050 mg/L,加标回收率为92.3%~94.1%,相对标准偏差为4.6%~8.9%。HPLC法检出限为0.02 mg/L,线性范围为0.10~5.00 mg/L,加标回收率为93.7%~96.5%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~2.0%。2种方法相比,GC法灵敏度较高,可用于痕量分析,但操作烦琐,不能有效地将苦味酸与硝基酚类干扰物分离;而HPLC法虽然灵敏度较差些,但简单、快速、稳定性好、准确度高,可有效地将苦味酸与硝基酚类干扰物分离。 相似文献
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基于福建省各县市区畜禽养殖统计数据,融合目前主要的7种农用地畜禽粪便环境污染风险评价方法,开展了基于多指标融合的福建省农用地畜禽粪便环境污染风险评价研究.结果表明:7种风险评价方法的结果在超限量值的县市区分布范围和数量都存在较大的差异.其中以农用地畜禽粪便猪粪当量负荷警报值(磷)为指标的评价结果的超限量值县市区数量最多,共有26个县市区,占总县市区的38.81%;其次是以畜禽养殖密度为指标的评价结果,共有20个县市区超限量值,占总县市区的29.85%;最少的是以农用地畜禽粪便猪粪当量负荷(氮)为指标的评价结果,只有1个县市区超限量值,仅占总县市区的1.49%.宁德市拓荣县是7种风险评价方法中风险最小的县市区,南平市光泽县是6种风险评价方法中风险最大的县市区,漳州市市辖区是1种风险评价方法中风险最大的县市区.基于多指标融合评价方法的结果中超限量值的县市区数为6个,占总县市区的8.96%,其中,风险评价最大值和最小值所在县市区分别为南平市光泽县和宁德市拓荣县.综合上述结果,表明该方法基本反映了7种风险评价方法中的共性问题,能避免采用不同指标所带来的农用地畜禽粪便环境污染风险结果的片面性.研究结果可为农业非点源污染防治、养殖业产业布局规划等提供科学依据. 相似文献
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Wenbo Wang Guangyan Tian Li Zong Yanmin Zhou Yuru Kang Qin Wang Aiqin Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(1):31-43
A series of mesoporous silicate adsorbents with superior adsorption performance for hazardous chlortetracycline(CTC) were sucessfully prepared via a facile one-pot hydrothermal reaction using low-cost illite/smectite(IS) clay,sodium silicate and magnesium sulfate as the starting materials.In this process,IS clay was "teared up" and then "rebuilt" as new porous silicate adsorbent with high specific surface area of 363.52 m~2/g(about 8.7 folds higher than that of IS clay) and very negative Zeta potential(- 34.5 mV).The inert Si- O- Si(Mg,Al) bonds in crystal framework of IS were broken to form Si(Al)- O~- groups with good adsorption activity,which greatly increased the adsorption sites served for holding much CTC molecules.Systematic evaluation on adsorption properties reveals the optimal silicate adsorbent can adsorb 408.81 mg/g of CTC(only 159.7 mg/g for raw IS clay) and remove 99.3%(only 46.5%for raw IS clay) of CTC from 100 mg/L initial solution(pH 3.51;adsorption temperature 30℃;adsorbent dosage,3 g/L).The adsorption behaviors of CTC onto the adsorbent follows the Langmuir isotherm model,Temkin equation and pseudo second-order kinetic model.The mesopore adsorption,electrostatic attraction and chemical association mainly contribute to the enhanced adsorption properties.As a whole,the high-efficient silicate adsorbent could be candidates to remove CTC from the wastewater with high amounts of CTC. 相似文献
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社会的安全保护与可持续发展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
事故、灾害、环境、社会是一个互馈的系统 ,安全科学研究的对象不仅仅是技术安全问题 ,应从狭义的范畴转向广义的范畴。本文分析了事故树与自然灾害系统的结构 ,认为社会安全保护与可持续发展密不可分 ,并提出了建立社会安全保护体系的对策。 相似文献
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Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Simulated Evapotranspiration and Streamflow over Texas Using the WRF‐Hydro‐RAPID Modeling Framework
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Peirong Lin Mohammad Adnan Rajib Zong‐Liang Yang Marcelo Somos‐Valenzuela Venkatesh Merwade David R. Maidment Yan Wang Li Chen 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(1):40-54
This study assesses a large‐scale hydrologic modeling framework (WRF‐Hydro‐RAPID) in terms of its high‐resolution simulation of evapotranspiration (ET) and streamflow over Texas (drainage area: 464,135 km2). The reference observations used include eight‐day ET data from MODIS and FLUXNET, and daily river discharge data from 271 U.S. Geological Survey gauges located across a climate gradient. A recursive digital filter is applied to decompose the river discharge into surface runoff and base flow for comparison with the model counterparts. While the routing component of the model is pre‐calibrated, the land component is uncalibrated. Results show the model performance for ET and runoff is aridity‐dependent. ET is better predicted in a wet year than in a dry year. Streamflow is better predicted in wet regions with the highest efficiency ~0.7. In comparison, streamflow is most poorly predicted in dry regions with a large positive bias. Modeled ET bias is more strongly correlated with the base flow bias than surface runoff bias. These results complement previous evaluations by incorporating more spatial details. They also help identify potential processes for future model improvements. Indeed, improving the dry region streamflow simulation would require synergistic enhancements of ET, soil moisture and groundwater parameterizations in the current model configuration. Our assessments are important preliminary steps towards accurate large‐scale hydrologic forecasts. 相似文献
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Haihan Zhang Rongrong Zong Huiyan He Kaiwen Liu Miaomiao Yan Yutian Miao Ben M Xin Huang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(2):216-227
Urban lake ecosystems are significant for social development, but currently we know little about the geographical distribution of algal community in urban lakes at a large-scale. In this study, we investigated the algal community structure in different areas of urban lakes in China and evaluated the influence of water quality parameters and geographical location on the algal community. The results showed that obvious differences in water quality and algal communities were observed among urban lakes in different geographical areas. Chlorophyta was the dominant phylum, followed by cyanobacteria in all areas. The network analysis indicated that algal community composition in urban lakes of the western and southern area showed more variations than the eastern and northern areas, respectively. Redundancy analysis and structural equation model revealed that nutrients and pH were dominant environmental factors that affected the algal community, and they showed higher influence than that of iron, manganese and COD Mn concentration. Importantly, algal community and density exhibited longitude and latitude relationship. In general, these results provided an ecological insight into large-scale geographical distributions of algal community in urban lakes, thereby having potential applications for management of the lakes. 相似文献