长江河口低盐度河段化学物质的分布及其成因

根据长江口水体 2 0个站位的DO、ABS、Cl-、B、P、BOD5、NH4 N、TOC、Pb、Cu、Mn、CODCr、SS、Cr(VI)等指标的系统监测结果 ,采用因子分析法对引起长江河口上游来水水质变化的因素作出了综合判断。各种影响因素中海水入侵、支流进入、城市污水排放的成因率分别达到 6 2 .0、2 4 .9和 4 .8%。     

南水北调东线水源地的生态补偿问题探究

生态补偿机制及其建立是目前生态经济学领域研究的热点,尤其是流域生态补偿机制的建立更为重要。本文以南水北调东线水源地生态功能保护区建设为例,探讨了跨流域调水所涉及的生态补偿问题,并根据多种计算方法的加和,提出了建立南水北调水源地生态功能保护区建设流域生态补偿机制的思路和建议。     

大连港3号排污口对海水的油污染及其扩散分析

本文通过１年的监测数据，初步分析季大连港３号排污口对附近海水的油污染状况，海水的油浓度与油类排放量的关系，以及油污染物迁移扩散的规律。     

静电-纤维层过滤的理论分析与实验研究

静电-纤维过滤是一种新型且十分有效的除尘技术。采用这种技术后,过滤效率特别是对微细粉尘的过滤效率大大提高,同时过滤阻力降低,清灰次数减少,滤料寿命延长.因此,美国、日本、德国等都相继开展了此项研究,且对静电-单层纤维过滤研究的比较多些,而对静电-纤维层过滤研究的却不够.     

Cultivation and characters of aerobic granules for pentachlorophenol (PCP) degradation under microaerobic condition

Cultivation of aerobic granular sludge for pentachlorophenol (PCP) degradation under microaerobic condition (DO concentration was controlled at 0.2-0.7 mg/L) was studied in this paper. Anaerobic granules were selected as inoculum. The changes of appearance were observed and the variations of SVI, VSS/TSS, PN/PS and the size of sludge were measured during cultivating. The capabilities for degradation of PCP, AOX and CODcr were also studied. Observations on mature granules were carried out by scanning electron microscope, and the results indicated bacillus was dominant on the surface of granules while in the inner of granules both bacillus and coccus were the dominant microorganisms. K, Na, Fe, Ca, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, Cu and Zn were detected in the granules by element analysis.     

丙溴磷影响海洋微藻生长机理的初步研究

研究了丙溴磷对三角褐指藻和青岛大扁藻生长的影响及其可能的机理。结果显示，低浓度的丙溴磷可以刺激它们的生长，高浓度的丙溴磷则对其生长产生抑制作用；低浓度丙溴磷还使藻细胞的脂质过氧化程度在低水平增高，ＳＯＤ活性有所降低；高浓度时则使其指质过氧化程度过量升高，ＳＯＤ活性显著下降，加入抗氧化剂不仅可抑制低浓度丙溴磷对微藻生长的刺激效应，而且能缓解高浓度丙溴磷对微藻的毒害作用，因此，丙溴磷作用于微灌的抗氧化     

A novel multistage anoxic/aerobic process with sludge regeneration zone (R-MAO) for advanced nitrogen removal from domestic sewage

To achieve advanced nitrogen removal from actual municipal sewage, a novel multistage anoxic/aerobic process with sludge regeneration zone (R-MAO) was developed. The reactor was used to treat actual domestic sewage and the nitrogen removal capacity of the sludge regeneration zone (R zone) was investigated during the long-term operation. The best performance was obtained at the R zone's Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) of -50±30 mV and hydraulic residence times (HRT) of 1.2 hr. The average effluent COD, TN, NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N of the R-MAO process were 18.0±2.3, 7.5±0.6, 1.0±0.5 and 4.6±0.4 mg/L, respectively, with the corresponding removal efficiency of COD, TN and NH₄⁺-N were 92.9%±1.0%, 84.1%±1.5% and 97.5%±1.1%. Compared to the sole MAO system, the TN removal efficiency of the R-MAO increased by 10.1%. Besides, under the optimal conditions, the contribution of the R zone in the R-MAO that removal COD, TN, NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N were 0.36, 0.15, 0.032 and 0.82 g/day. High-throughput sequencing results showed that uncultured_bacterium_f_Burkholderiaceae (5.20%), OLB8 (1.04%) and Ottowia (1.03%) played an important role in denitrification in the R zone. This study provided effective guidance for the design and operation of the R-MAO process in domestic sewage treatment.     

海洋双壳类谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性测定条件的优化

以僧帽牡蛎(Ostrea cucullata)为材料,提取鳃的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione s-transferase, GST),测定GST(包括GSTs、GST-π、GST- μ)在不同温度、底物浓度、缓冲液pH条件下的活性,从而确定酶活性测定的最佳条件.结果表明:(1) GSTs活性测定的最佳条件:GSH终浓度2 mmol/L,测定温度31℃,PBS pH 6.5,CDNB终浓度1.5 mmol/L;(2) GST-π活性测定的最佳条件:GSH终浓度2.5 mmol/L,测定温度为29℃,PBS pH7.75,ECA的终浓度2.5 mmol/L;(3) GST-μ活性测定的最佳条件:GSH的终浓度5 mmol/L,外界环境温度为29 ℃,PBS pH 6.0,DCNB的终浓度1.50 mmol/L.     

废水中阴离子表面活性剂测定的一种新方法

报道了测定废水中阴离子表面活性剂的一种新方法,即利用微相吸附-光谱修正(MSASC)原理研究十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)与碱紫(DLV)的结合反应,定量分析废水样品中的阴离子表面活性剂(AS)。试验结果表明DLV与SDBS之间的作用符合Lang-muir单分子层吸附。利用该方法分别对受污染河水、生活污水、合成废水样品进行阴离子表面活性剂的测定,加标回收率达到97.5%,相对标准偏差<5.2%,且多种阴离子、阳离子、氨基酸和葡萄糖不影响该方法的测定结果。     

岩性对垃圾渗滤液污染晕中污染物衰减的影响

用细砂、砂土和粉砂土为材料,通过土柱模拟实验,分别从空间和时间研究不同岩性的土壤对垃圾渗滤液污染晕中污染物衰减的影响。实验初期,砂土和粉砂土对TOC的去除率分别达到96.56%和99.87%,而细砂仅达到62.78%,但3种土壤对NH+4-N的去除率均高达98%以上。实验末期,细砂、砂土和粉砂土对TOC的去除率已分别降至57.79%、65.59%和67.29%;但砂土和粉砂土对NH+4-N去除率仍高达87.38%和90.13%,而细砂自第18天时已被穿透。因此,3种土壤对污染物的衰减能力为粉砂土>砂土>细砂。