不同类型锰矿废渣浸提条件下重金属释放特征及其对植物种苗生长的影响

通过对贵州省遵义市长沟锰矿区不同类型废渣（矿井废石、冶炼渣、电解锰渣、新尾矿、旧尾矿）进行调查与采样分析,探讨浸提条件下重金属的释放特征及其对种苗生长的影响。结果表明：不同类型废渣浸出液中主要污染物是Mn、Zn,浓度范围分别为0．1172～82．99mg／L、0．2232～23．85mg／L,其次为Cd、Hg;电解锰渣和新尾矿属于危险废物。电解锰渣浸出液对幼苗的根长、芽长以及发芽率、发芽势有显著的抑制作用;物种耐性由强到弱的大小顺序为油菜〉黑麦草〉紫花苜蓿。     

城市电站库区湖泊水环境影响研究

城市河流上的水电工程的库区可以形成人工湖泊,并作为城市的重要组成部分有助于完善城市功能布局,提升城市形象.水环境对于湖区体现生态景观的价值起着至关重要的作用.以遂宁观音湖为例,就完善水环境管理,对其区域水环境影响进行研究分析;并对已经污染的水体采取相应治理措施;同时做好流域防洪规划,建设防洪设施;对城市水体景观进行统一打造,实现湖区的可持续发展.     

活性污泥胞外聚合物中蛋白质的探针分析方法

应用微相吸附-光谱修正技术(Microsurface adsorption-spectral correction,简称MSASC),利用刚果红(Congo Red,简称CR)探针测定了活性污泥胞外聚合物(Extracellular polymeric substances,简称EPS)中蛋白质(Protein)的含量,与常用的Folin酚法比较,结果一致,蛋白加标回收率为94.5%～107.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)＜4.5%.对反应机理的分析和产物结合常数的计算结果表明,在pH 2.21时CR-Protein作用符合Langmuir单分子层吸附理论,产物的结合比79∶1,结合常数K=2.17×106,聚集形式为Protein·CR79,摩尔吸收系数ε664r=8.50×105L·mol-1·cm-1.     

TCDD对乳腺癌细胞端粒酶活性的影响

探讨了2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-ρ-二噁英(TCDD)在体外对雌激素依赖性乳腺癌细胞MCF-7端粒酶活性的影响.用0.5μmol·L-1的2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-ρ二噁英(TCDD)作用于MCF-7细胞,裂解后提取MCF.7细胞端粒酶.采用BCA方法定量蛋白、重复序列扩增-银染法检测端粒酶活性.结果表明.TCDD作用MCF-7细胞后,细胞端粒酶活性增强,且随作用时间端粒酶活性减弱,但明显高于对照组(P<0.05).结果表明:TCDD有显著增强MCF-7细胞端粒酶活性的作用.     

Nitrobenzene biodegradation ability of microbial communities in water and sediments along the Songhua River after a nitrobenzene pollution event

More than 100 t of nitrobenzene (NB) and related compounds were discharged into the Songhua River,the fourth longest river in China,because of the world-shaking explosion of an aniline production factory located in Jilin City on November 13,2005.As one of the efforts to predict the fate of residual NB in the river,NB biodegradation abilities by microbes in the water and sediments from different river sections were evaluated systematically.The results indicated that microbial communities from any section ...     

Nitrobenzene biodegradation ability of microbial communities in water and sediments along Songhua River after a nitrobenzene pollution event

More than 100 t of nitrobenzene (NB) and related compounds were discharged into the Songhua River, the fourth longest river in China, because of the world-shaking explosion of an aniline production factory located in Jilin City on November 13, 2005. As one of the efforts to predict the fate of residual NB in the river, NB biodegradation abilities of the microbes in the water and sediments from different river sections were evaluated systematically. The results indicated that microbial communities from any section of the river, including one section at the upper stream of the NB discharging point, had the ability to biodegrade NB under aerobic (for river water samples) conditions at 22±1℃ or anaerobic (for sediment samples) conditions at 10±1℃. NB degradation rates of microbial communities in the downstream sites were markedly higher than those in the upstream site, indicating that the NB degradation abilities were enhanced because of the pollution of NB. Aerobic degradation got neglected at a temperature of 10℃ or lower. The production of nitrosobenzene and aniline during the aerobic biodegradation suggested the existence of at least two different NB degradation pathways, and the occurrence of the catechol-2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) gene and the significant decrease of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) indicated that NB could be mineralized under aerobic conditions. Although it was a fact that the river have frozen-up during the NB accident, it was speculated that biodegradation was not the major process responsible for the decrease of NB flux in the river.     

城市生活垃圾自动分选技术

迅速而巨量增长的城市生活垃圾给我国带来了严峻的社会、环境压力;城市生活垃圾的资源化、无害化综合利用,对于改善人民群众生活环境、减少资源浪费、发展循环经济,都具有十分重要的意义。要使城市垃圾综合利用目的得以实现,必须突破制约垃圾处理的瓶颈问题——垃圾分类技术这一世界难题。在分析垃圾特点和各种垃圾处理方法优势的基础上,经过多年的探索与研制,开发了一种新型的用于城市生活垃圾资源化综合利用的自动分选技术。     

我国高氟水形成特点的主要影响因子及降氟方法

以华北平原和关中盆地数据为例,分析我国高氟水形成特点的主要影响因子为背景岩石、蒸发作用、地温环境以及人类活动,并针对我国高氟水特点,提出防止氟中毒的方案.     

清洁生产工艺在沙埝油田的实践与应用

介绍了沙埝油田自实施清洁生产以来,通过对污水、天然气、尾气、噪声等污染源的研究,确定了一系列的高、中、低费工艺改造方案,并对改造后的经济和环境效益进行了评价.     

贵州省区域煤矿排水重金属污染特征及健康风险评价

贵州煤炭资源丰富,含多种重金属的煤矿排水对环境污染明显.通过对贵州省不同地区共120个煤矿排水进行采样分析,采用单因子评价、重金属污染指数法和水环境健康风险模型3种评价方法,分别对不同区域重金属污染特征及人体健康风险进行评价.结果表明,贵州省煤矿排水多呈酸性或弱酸性,12种重金属的污染超标状况从大到小为Fe、Mn、Ni、Al、Co、Zn、Cd 与 Cr、As、Pb、Cu、Sb,其中 Fe、Mn、Ni、Al、Co污染最为严重,样点超标率分别达88％、84％、70％、59％、53％.重金属污染指数HPI地区差异显著,全省平均值为576.62,是临界值的5.76倍,各地区整体污染状况从大到小为黔东南州、黔南州、黔西南州、安顺市、毕节市、遵义市、贵阳市、六盘水市.煤矿排水中化学非致癌物Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Al、Fe、Mn、Co、Sb的健康风险较小(均值3.66×10-10～3.63×10-7a-1),均低于美国EPA推荐最大可接受水平 1.0×10-6a-1;化学致癌物 Cr(3.90×10-4a-1)、As(3.71×10-5 a-1)和 Cd(6.82×10-6 a-1)的健康风险均较高,其中重金属Cr污染与黔西南地区As污染,应予以重视.