顶空气相色谱法测定土壤中BTEX

本文采用顶空气相色谱法从土壤样品中分离挥发性有机物。应用该技术,苯、甲苯、乙基苯及二甲苯异构体（ＢＴＥＸ）均得到有效分离。该方法有较好的精密度（变异系数６５％,回收率８９～１０３％）和低的检出限（对于苯为０５ｎｇ／ｇ）。土壤样品中加入水或加热,可提高方法的灵敏度。     

我国危险废物的污染控制现状和对策研究

我国危险废物污染问题相当严重,已经成为我国环境工作者面临的一个重要问题。本文对我国的危险废物污染控制现状进行了分析,并结合国情提出了我国危险废物的控制对策和建议。     

Effects of changes in water salinity upon exercise and cardiac performance in the European seabass (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dicentrarchus labrax</Emphasis>)

The European seabass is an active euryhaline teleost that migrates and forages in waters of widely differing salinities. Oxygen uptake (M_O2) was measured in seabass (average mass and forklength 510 g and 34 cm, respectively) during exercise at incremental swimming speeds in a tunnel respirometer in seawater (SW) at a salinity of 30 and temperature of 14°C, and their maximal sustainable (critical) swimming speed (U_crit) determined. Cardiac output (Q) was measured via an ultrasound flow probe on their ventral aorta. The fish were then exposed to acute reductions in water salinity, to either SW (control), 10, 5, or freshwater (FW, 0), and their exercise and cardiac performance measured again, 18 h later. Seabass were also acclimated to FW for 3 weeks, and then their exercise performance measured before and at 18 h after acute exposure to SW at 30. In SW, seabass exhibited an exponential increase in M_O2 and Q with increasing swimming speed, to a maximum M_O2 of 339±17 mg kg^–1 h^–1 and maximum Q of 52.0±1.9 ml min^–1 kg^–1 (mean±1 SEM; n=19). Both M_O2 and Q exhibited signs of a plateau as the fish approached a U_crit of 2.25±0.08 bodylengths s^–1. Increases in Q during exercise were almost exclusively due to increased heart rate rather than ventricular stroke volume. There were no significant effects of the changes in salinity upon M_O2 during exercise, U_crit or cardiac performance. This was linked to an exceptional capacity to maintain plasma osmolality and tissue water content unchanged following all salinity challenges. This extraordinary adaptation would allow the seabass to maintain skeletal and cardiac muscle function while migrating through waters of widely differing salinities.Communicated by S.A. Poulet, Roscoff     

文山县城饮用水源水质分析及相关对策研究

对文山县城主要饮用水源盘龙河水质2001—2005年的监测数据进行统计、评价，并根据水质评价结果，对影响水源水质的环境问题分点源污染和面源污染进行分析，提出相应的水源地保护对策与措施。     

高效干法脱硫剂的研究与开发

研究高效干法烟气脱硫剂是提高干法脱硫效率的一种途径，通过分析和探讨ＣａＯ和ＦＡ的配比、添加剂的种类及加入量、反应温度对脱硫剂脱硫性能的影响，研究了高效干法脱硫剂的制备方法和工艺。     

低浊水处理效果优化研究

针对孚日家纺水厂出现的处理效果不理想这一问题，通过设计烧杯搅拌实验，研究不同混凝剂及与助凝剂PAM联用对低浊水浊度处理的影响。结果表明，单独采用聚合氯化铝铁PAFC比聚合氯化铝PAC混凝效果好，而与PAM联合使用比单独采用一种混凝剂的处理效果显著。从经济方面，对硫酸铝AS和氯化铁FC进行了试验分析，得出了硫酸铝AS与PAM联用，有可靠的除浊效果。     

治理酸雾的环保措施

润滑油酸碱精制装置产生酸渣，装车时酸雾大量地散发到空气中，对环境的污染很严重；通过采取密闭装车环保治理措施，从而有效解决酸雾对环境的污染问题。     

厌氧生物处理反应器混合流态及其分析

复合流态已成为厌氧反应器工艺的设计与开发应用的发展方向。就厌氧反应器的流态分析、要求及新型厌氧处理技术(SMPA)作了系统的分析介绍 ,提出了改进厌氧处理工艺设计的思路。     

铬酸钡光度法测定硫酸盐的改进研究

铬酸钡光度法是测定水中硫酸盐的常用方法之一，但是因为过滤法本身的粗糙使得检测结果重现性差、准确率低。为了提高该方法的准确度和精密度，现用离心机分离代替实验中过滤分离沉淀。实验表明离心机分离法线形范围0～200mg/L，回归方程：y=0．1129x-0．0030，γ=0．9992，检出限为7．10ng/L，回收率约96％～104％，相对标准偏差（RSD）为0．45％．2．37％，结果无显著性差异（t=0．24，P〉0．01）。该方法可应用于水中硫酸盐含量测定以提高准确度，方法快速简便，并与标准方法（重量法）比较，结果满意。     

微生物电容脱盐燃料电池性能研究

以微生物电容脱盐燃料电池(MCDC)为研究对象,考察了反应时间、盐溶液浓度和电容电极对数对MCDC脱盐效率的影响.试验采用阳离子交换膜分隔阳极室与脱盐室,阴离子交换膜分隔阴极室与脱盐室.试验结果显示在处理5 g·L-1的NaCl溶液试验中,脱盐室溶液盐度先降低后升高,在反应运行30 min时,脱盐室达到最大脱盐率47.83%.同时发现在脱盐过程中,阳极室和阴极室溶液盐度持续降低,运行150 min后分别下降到15.24%和6.12%.随盐溶液浓度的增加,脱盐率降低,单位电极吸附量增加,根据Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程的线性拟合得到,MCDC最大脱盐吸附容量为72.99 mg·g-1,电容吸附为复杂度的双分子层吸附.电极对数从1对增加到4对,MCDC的脱盐效率提高了37.37%.通过电容电极反接,可在1 h内实现电容再生.