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121.
Luísa Rodrigues Maria João Ramos Pereira Ana Rainho Jorge M. Palmeirim 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(5):835-843
Dispersal and migratory behaviours are often important determinants of gene flow in wild species, and we have studied their
role using ringing-recapture data in the Portuguese population of Miniopterus schreibersii, a cave-dwelling bat that forms large maternity colonies. Juvenile dispersal, usually a major agent of gene flow, appears
to be negligible, as young females never settled to give birth in foreign colonies. Likewise, there was virtually no dispersal
of adult females to foreign maternity colonies. This strong philopatry virtually eliminated female-mediated gene flow, but
we found a great potential for male-mediated gene flow among colonies, as regional migrations temporarily joined both sexes
from different colonies in the same roosts, during the mating season. In fact, females from some colonies were more likely
to mate with males from foreign colonies than from their own, thus potentially bringing home genes of foreign males. In spite
of this abundant gene flow, we found a pattern of isolation by distance and even strong barriers to gene flow, which is explained
by the fact that migrations were usually too short to allow direct flow among distant colonies. We concluded that potential
gene flow is influenced by the distance between colonies and the availability of mating roosts between them. In addition,
we found this flow to be asymmetrical, with a dominant direction from the largest to the smallest colonies. Our ringing-recapture
estimates of potential gene flow based on dispersal and migratory behaviour are compatible with the genetic structure of the
population for both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Our conclusions have implications for the conservation of bats with a spatial
behaviour similar to that of M. schreibersii. Colonies should be managed individually because strict female philopatry not only promotes their isolation but also minimises
the contribution of immigration in rescuing declining colonies. Furthermore, the results underline the importance of preserving
mating roosts to maintain gene flow among colonies. 相似文献
122.
Vulturius Gregor André Karin Swartling Åsa Gerger Brown Calum Rounsevell Mark D. A. Jönsson Anna Maria Blanco Victor 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(5):1571-1571
Regional Environmental Change - The published online version contains mistake. Anna Maria Jönsson was inadvertently omitted in the author group section. Correct author group section is shown... 相似文献
123.
We propose a framework to support management that builds on a social–ecological system perspective on the Arctic Ocean. We illustrate the framework’s application for two policy-relevant scenarios of climate-driven change, picturing a shift in zooplankton composition and alternatively a crab invasion. We analyse archetypical system dynamics between the socio-economic, the natural, and the governance systems in these scenarios. Our holistic approach can help managers identify looming problems arising from complex system interactions and prioritise among problems and solutions, even when available data are limited. 相似文献
124.
Forest Fragmentation and Landscape Transformation in a Reindeer Husbandry Area in Sweden 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Reindeer husbandry and forestry are two main land users in boreal forests in northern Sweden. Modern forestry has numerous
negative effects on the ground-growing and arboreal lichens that are crucial winter resources for reindeer husbandry. Using
digitized historical maps, we examined changes in the forest landscape structure during the past 100 years, and estimated
corresponding changes in suitability of forest landscape mosaics for the reindeer winter grazing. Cover of old coniferous
forests, a key habitat type of reindeer herding system, showed a strong decrease during the study period, whereas clear-cutting
and young forests increased rapidly in the latter half of the 20th century. The dominance of young forests and fragmentation
of old-growth forests (decreased patch sizes and increased isolation) reflect decreased amount of arboreal lichens as well
as a lowered ability of the landscape to sustain long-term persistence of lichens. The results further showed that variation
in ground lichen cover among sites was mainly related to soil moisture conditions, recent disturbances, such as soil scarification
and prescribed burning, and possibly also to forest history. In general, the results suggest that the composition and configuration
of the forest landscape mosaic has become less suitable for sustainable reindeer husbandry. 相似文献
125.
126.
Novel communities will be formed as species with a variety of dispersal abilities and environmental tolerances respond individually to climate change. Thus, models projecting future species distributions must account for species interactions and differential dispersal abilities. We developed a species distribution model for Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus, a freshwater fish that is sensitive both to warm temperatures and to species interactions. A logistic regression model using lake area, mean annual air temperature (1961–1990), pike Esox lucius and brown trout Salmo trutta occurrence correctly classified 95 % of 467 Swedish lakes. We predicted that Arctic char will lose 73 % of its range in Sweden by 2100. Predicted extinctions could be attributed both to simulated temperature increases and to projected pike invasions. The Swedish mountains will continue to provide refugia for Arctic char in the future and should be the focus of conservation efforts for this highly valued fish. 相似文献
127.
Adequate temporal trend analysis of mercury (Hg) in freshwater ecosystems is critical to evaluate if actions from the human society have affected Hg concentrations ([Hg]) in fresh water biota. This study examined temporal change in [Hg] in Northern pike (Esox lucius L.) in Swedish freshwater lakes between 1994 and 2006. To achieve this were lake-specific, multiple-linear-regression models used to estimate pike [Hg], including indicator variables representing time and fish weight and their interactions. This approach permitted estimation of the direction and magnitude of temporal changes in 25 lakes selected from the Swedish national database on Hg in freshwater biota. A significant increase was found in 36% of the studied lakes with an average increase in pike [Hg] of 3.7 ± 6.7% per year that was found to be positively correlated with total organic carbon. For lakes with a significant temporal change the dataset was based on a mean of 30 fish, while for lakes with no temporal change it was based on a mean of 13 fish. 相似文献
128.
Many chemicals in use today lack appropriate documentation on their environmental properties, fate, and effects. To counteract this lack of documentation it is vital to thoroughly investigate a compound’s fate in the environment before it comes into use. The present study is describing a novel method for assessing the reduction potential of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as a part of a project aimed to create an experimental model for determination of chemical persistence. The reductive transformation of 15 PBDE congeners using sodium borohydride was determined. Pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants of the transformations were determined by monitoring the disappearance of the investigated congeners. The reductions lead primarily to formation of lower brominated PBDEs. Each PBDE congener was tested in a total of ten replicates which showed a relative standard deviation of 31% or less. The decaBDE, BDE-209 was approximately 3 times as prone to reductive transformation as BDE-207. The three nonaBDEs, BDE-206, BDE-207, and BDE-208, showed similar reductive potential. The reactivity of the tested octaBDEs was quite variable, from 5% to 24% of the reactivity of BDE-209 for BDE-196 and BDE-198, respectively. The heptaBDEs studied were in the range of the less reactive octaBDEs, except for BDE-181 which was as high as 13% of the reactivity of BDE-209. The results presented give a method for measuring the propensity of PBDEs, and possibly similar compounds, to undergo reductions. They indicate a potential route to a vital piece of information in the assessment of environmental persistence of chemicals. 相似文献
129.
Juliana Carla Garcia Thábata Karoliny Formicoly de Souza Freitas Soraya Moreno Palácio Elizangela Ambrósio Maísa Tatiane Ferreira Souza Lídia Brizola Santos Vitor de Cinque Almeida Nilson Evelázio de Souza 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(3):2179-2187
Textile industry wastes raise a great concern due to their strong coloration and toxicity. The objective of the present work was to characterize the degradation and mineralization of textile effluents by advanced oxidative processes using either TiO2 or TiO2/H2O2 and to monitor the toxicity of the products formed during 6-h irradiation in relation to that of the in natura effluent. The results demonstrated that the TiO2/H2O2 association was more efficient in the mineralization of textile effluents than TiO2, with high mineralized ion concentrations (NH 4 + , NO 3 ? , and SO 4 2? ) and significantly decreased organic matter ratios (represented by the chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon). The toxicity of the degradation products after 4-h irradiation to Artemia salina L. was not significant (below 10 %). However, the TiO2/H2O2 association produced more toxicity under irradiation than the TiO2 system, which was attributed to the increased presence of oxidants in the first group. Comparatively, the photogenerated products of both TiO2 and the TiO2/H2O2 association were less toxic than the in natura effluent. 相似文献
130.
Two honey samples are taken from two parts of the same honeycomb: one that contacts to the surface of the wire and the other
taken from the surface that does not contact the wires. Heavy metal contents of these two samples were determined by inductively
coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry). The Mo, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn contents of the honey in contact with wire
is higher when compared to the other. Especially, Fe and Zn contents of honey in contact with wire is much higher than the
non-contact one. These values are, respectively, 190.21 and 112.76 ppm. Besides, Ni content of honey in contact with wire
is approximately 50% higher. 相似文献