Monitoring of soil heavy metal pollution by earthworm

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｈａｌｆａｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ，ｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｅａｒｔｈｗｏｒｍｓｈａｓａｌｍｏｓｔｂｅｅｎｌｉｍｉｔｅｄｔｏｒｅｇｉｏｎ，ｃｌａｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｂｉｏｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ｔｈｅｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆｎａｔ...     

欧盟eCall道路车辆应急系统与我国车联网安全方面的浅析与对比

比较了欧盟和中国在近年探索道路车辆安全系统的新手段重点介绍了欧盟的eCall-112,即车辆自动应急报警系统,它可以在车辆遇到突发事故时．自动或手动向应急中心报警以及发送卫星定位等信号;欧盟为推广这一系统,不断研究制定标准,且政策也逐步完善我国与其类似的车辆嵌入式系统是车联网,但目前的功能、技术标准、管理政策部在起步研究阶段。     

Study on the oasis corridor landcape in the arid regions based on RS and GIS methods—application of Jinta Oasis,China

The study on the oasis corridor landscape is a new hotspot in the ecological environment research in the arid regions.In oasis,main corridor landscape types include river,ditch ,shelterbelt and road.This paper introduces the basic ecological effects of the corridor landscape on the transporting mass and energy and obstructing desert landscape expansion and incursion.Using Geographic Information System(GIS),we have researched the corridor distribution and its spatial relationship with other landscape types in the Jinta Oasis.Based on the dynamically monitoring on the landscape pattern change of the Jinta Oasis during the latter 10 years by using Remote Sensing(RS) and GIS,the driving functions of the corridors on this change have been analyzed in detail.The analysis results showed that all kinds of corridors‘ characteristics can be quantified by the indexes such as length and width ,ratio of perimeter and area,density and non-heterogeneity.The total corridor length of Jinta Oasis is 1838.5km and its density is 2.1km/km^2.The corridor density of the irrigation land.forest and resident area is maximal,which shows that affection degree of the oasis corridors on them is the most.The improvment of the corridors quality is one of the important driving factors on the irrigation land and so on.The organic combination of the RS and GIS technologies and landscape research methods would be an effective means for the corridor landscape research on arid region oasis.     

中国城镇生态环境遥感监测现状及发展趋势

城镇生态环境是国家生态文明和美丽中国建设的重要组成部分,而目前中国城镇化快速发展过程中出现了重污染天气、黑臭水体、土壤污染、城市热岛效应等突出生态环境问题。环境监测是掌握城镇生态环境质量状况、环境管理和环境执法的基础,遥感技术在城镇生态环境监测中发挥着重要作用。文章主要从通常关注的空气质量、水体水质、土壤污染和生态资源4个方面,从遥感数据源、遥感监测模型方法、存在问题等方面概述目前中国城镇生态环境遥感监测的总体现状,指出目前存在城镇复杂地表高反射噪声与气溶胶多次散射引起污染气体反演的不确定性、现有算法无法适用于高浑浊的城镇黑臭水体和高清洁的饮用水源地这两类特殊光谱特征水体、城镇土壤污染难监测、城镇地表温度与生态要素高精度反演等技术瓶颈,以及时空分辨率低、监测精度不高、技术体系缺乏、专题产品少、业务应用程度低等问题与不足,提出中国城镇生态环境综合监测亟需攻克的系列监测要素精度提升关键技术、业务应用模式、服务模式等发展趋势,为中国新时期生态环境保护、打好污染防治攻坚战、城镇化建设等重要工作提供支持。     

Binary competitive adsorption of naphthalene compounds onto an aminated hypercrosslinked macroporous polymeric adsorbent

An aminated hypercrosslinked macroporous polymeric adsorbent was synthesized and characterized.Adsorption isotherms for 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid(1, 2, 4-acid) and 2-naphthol obtained from various binary adsorption environments can be well fitted by Freundlich equation, which indicated a favorable adsorption process in the studied range. Adsorption for !, 2, 4-acid was an endothermic process in comparison with that for 2-naphthol of an exothermic process. 2-naphthol molecules put a little influence on the adsorption capacity for 1, 2, 4-acid. However, the adsorption to 1, 2, 4-acid depressed that to 2-naphthol in a large extent for the stronger electrostatic interaction between 1, 2, 4-acid and adsorbent. The predominant mechanism can be contributed to the competition for adsorption sites. And the simultaneous environment was confirmed to be helpful to the selective adsorption towards 1,2,4-acid based on the larqer selectivity index.     

Trend and seasonal variations of atmospheric CH_4 in Beijing

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭｅｔｈａｎｅ (ＣＨ4 )ｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｒａｃｅｏｒｇａｎｉｃ ｇａｓｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ.ＢｅｃａｕｓｅＣＨ4 ｈａｓｓｔｒｏｎｇａｂｉｌｉｔｙｔｏａｂｓｏｒｂｉｎｆｒａｒｅｄ ｒｅｄｌｉｇｈｔａｎｄｔｈｅｎｗａｒｍｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ,ｉｔｓｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓａｒｅｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｔｈｏｓｅｏｆｃａｒｂｏｎｄｉｏｘｉｄｅ (ＣＯ2 ) .Ｔｈｅｍａｉｎｂｉｏｇｅｎｉｃｓ…     

液相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法快速分析血清中有机磷酸酯类三（2,4-二叔丁基苯基）-磷酸酯（AO168O）和2,4-二叔丁基苯基（2,4DtBP）

本研究建立了液相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法快速测定血清中三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)-磷酸酯(tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-phosphate, AO168O)和2,4-二叔丁基苯基(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl, 2,4DtBP).血清样品经乙腈提取,离心分离,浓缩定容后进行仪器分析.采用DB-5MS(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25μm)色谱柱进行分离,多重反应监测模式(MRM)进行测定.结果表明,AO168O在0.8—100 ng·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好,2,4DtBP在0.6—100 ng·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2分别为0.9992和0.9995;方法检出限分别为0.4 ng·mL^-1和0.2 ng·mL^-1;加标回收率分别为103%和95%,相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为8.9%和4.7%.采用本方法对天津市青年人群的66份血清样品进行检测,AO168O的检出率为33%, 2,4DtBP的检出率为98%,浓度范围分别为ND(未...     

大气现场测试中对气象参量测量和布点的要求

80年代初美国环保局为研究点源大气扩散特征所需的大气测量要求,组织一个专家工作组,提出数据采集和记录方法、专门的测量技术和精度以及测量规范化等方面意见。专家组的工作报告中强调用湍流强度的现场测试表征大气扩散特征甚于以Pasquill-     

基于风险系统理论的尾矿库环境风险评估模型研究

尾矿库环境风险评估与等级划分是实现尾矿库分级分类管理的基础工作。从风险系统的组织结构视角出发,构建较为系统的尾矿库环境风险评估指标体系,分别建立基于综合加权模型和三维坐标模型的环境风险评估与等级划分方法,并以张家口部分尾矿库为例,采用两种评估方法对该区域内尾矿库的环境风险进行评估与等级划分。结果表明:两种方法均能较好地反映区域内尾矿库的环境风险等级,其中三维坐标模型的风险评估方法在风险的反向回溯追踪分析和实现不同侧重面的风险控制方面更有优势,对尾矿库环境风险分级分类管理具有重要意义。该技术方法的建立,为《尾矿库环境风险评估技术导则(试行)》的研制奠定了重要的技术基础。