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排序方式: 共有1237条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
851.
Abdul Ghaffar Memon Xiaohong Zhou Yunpeng Xing Ruoyu Wang Lanhua Liu Mohsin Khan Miao He 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(1):12
852.
Health care system hazard vulnerability analysis: an assessment of all public hospitals in Abu Dhabi
Saleh Fares Meg Femino Assaad Sayah Debra L. Weiner Eugene Sun Yim Sheila Douthwright Michael Sean Molloy Furqan B. Irfan Mohamed Ali Karkoukli Robert Lipton Jonathan L. Burstein Mariam Al Mazrouei Gregory Ciottone 《Disasters》2014,38(2):420-433
Hazard vulnerability analysis (HVA) is used to risk‐stratify potential threats, measure the probability of those threats, and guide disaster preparedness. The primary objective of this project was to analyse the level of disaster preparedness in public hospitals in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, utilising the HVA tool in collaboration with the Disaster Medicine Section at Harvard Medical School. The secondary objective was to review each facility's disaster plan and make recommendations based on the HVA findings. Based on the review, this article makes eight observations, including on the need for more accurate data; better hazard assessment capabilities; enhanced decontamination capacities; and the development of hospital‐specific emergency management programmes, a hospital incident command system, and a centralised, dedicated regional disaster coordination centre. With this project, HVAs were conducted successfully for the first time in health care facilities in Abu Dhabi. This study thus serves as another successful example of multidisciplinary emergency preparedness processes. 相似文献
853.
Julian E. Spallholz PhD L. Mallory Boylan J. David Robertson Linda Smith Mohammad M. Rahman Jason Hook 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(2):203-210
Arsenic (As) contamination of the available domestic drinking water from shallow aquifers to villagers in Bangladesh often exceeds the newest WHO standard of <10 µg As L?1 and the older Bangladeshi standard of <50 µg As L?1. An estimated 9.2 million shallow tube wells in Bangladesh deliver water to 97% of the rural population, placing an estimated 57 million people at risk for arsenicosis. The contamination of drinking water by As extends to W. Bengal, India and Nepal. The same shallow aquifers used for domestic water are also used to irrigate food crops, particularly rice. Irrigation adds As to soils and increases exposure of the population to additional As via foods consumed. Selenium (Se), an essential trace mineral found in soils, is absorbed by plants, entering the human food chain. It was suggested that a low dietary intake of Se may be contributing to the problem of human arsenicosis in Bangladesh. Dietary Se acts as a natural antidote to As by (1) accelerating As excretion, (2) sequestering As by complexation and (3) as an antioxidant component of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase that may counteract the prooxidant effects of As that contribute to arsenicosis and cancer. Analysis of 70 agricultural soil samples from Bangladesh by fluorimetry, ICP-AES and Neutron Activation Analysis showed the soils analyzed to be high in As (~33 µg g?1) and biologically low in soluble Se (~0.02 µg g?1). A low dietary intake of Se related to low soil content and this mineral in foods may be contributing to human arsenicosis in the Ganges–Brahmaputra delta. 相似文献
854.
A chemically modified carbon paste electrode for chromium (III) based on the formation of ion-association complex of chromium with 5-ethyl-6-oxo-5-pentan-2-yl-sulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-olate (thiopental, THP) as electroactive ion-exchanger (Cr-THP) was prepared and investigated. The electrode has a linear dynamic range of 1.7?×?10?6–1.3?×?10?2?mol?L?1, with a Nernstian slope of 19.6?±?0.5?mV per decade and a detection limit of 9.0?×?10?7?mol?L?1. It has a fast response time of <15?s and can be used for at least 7 weeks without any considerable divergence in potential. The proposed sensor revealed good selectivity for Cr(III) over a wide variety of mono-, di-, and trivalent cations and could be used in the pH range of 2.3–6.5. The proposed electrode was used in batch measurements and in flow injection analysis. The Cr-CMCPE was successfully applied for the determination of Cr(III) in real samples (wastewater of hot dip galvanizing unit and alloys). The present electrode was also used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Cr(III). The results were highly satisfactory. 相似文献
855.
Muhammad Nadeem Zafar Abdul Wahid Muhammad Afzal Ghauri Muhammad Zubair Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz Farooq Anwar 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3):422-433
This investigation describes the use of specially cultivated, nonliving biomass of Trichoderma harzianum as a biosorbent for the batch removal of Pb(II) from a stirred system under different experimental conditions. The metal removal depended upon pH, sorbent particle size, initial Pb(II) concentration, shaking speed, and sorption time. The optimal experimental conditions for the removal of Pb(II) by T. harzianum with an initial metal concentration of 100 mg L?1 were obtained at a particle size of 53 μm, a pH of 4.5, a shaking speed of 200 rpm, and a contact time of 720 min. The results were analyzed in terms of adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. The Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo second-order model fitted well in the data. T. harzianum proved to be a good biomaterial for accumulating Pb(II) from aqueous solutions (q = 460 mg g?1). 相似文献
856.
Nobuyoshi Yamashita Shigeki Masunaga Mohamed S. Rizk Yoshikuni Urushigawa 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1-4):151-161
Residue levels of organochlorine pesticides (DDTs, HCHs, HCB and chlordane compounds) were determined in core samples collected from Nile River near by Cairo and Manzala Lake, Egypt in 1994. Regional difference and vertical profiles were discussed in view of historical reconstruction of environmental pollution by these chemicals. On the basis of estimated sedimentation rate (0.5 to 0.7 cm/year) in Manzala Lake, it seems that discharge of DDTs and CHLs into Egyptian environment increased rapidly from early 1960's and the maximum discharge was recorded in 1980's. However, concentration of HCHs increased continuously up to the present in spite of decreasing of DDTs and CHLs after 1980's. It was revealed that vertical profiles of organochlorine pesticides in sediment core from Manzala Lake are useful to estimate a temporal trend of pesticide use in Egypt. 相似文献
857.
Mohamed Abd Elaziz Okbah 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(2):97-105
Surface and bottom water samples were collected on a monthly basis from six locations in the Alexandria Western Harbour between April 2002 and March 2003. Total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, reactive phosphate and silicate were analysed. The average content of total nitrogen ranged from 81.1 to 65.7?µmol?l?1 in the surface and bottom waters, respectively, while ammonia ranged from 13.77 to 15.79?µmol?l?1 in surface and bottom waters, respectively. Also, the average concentration of nitrite was relatively higher in surface waters than in bottom waters (0.89 and 0.61?µmol?l?1, respectively). The results of this study also indicated a considerable temporal variation in nitrate concentrations which ranged from 1.12 to 13.83?µmol?l?1. Total phosphorus displayed an irregular pattern throughout the year, ranging from 1.9 to 11.8?µmol?l?1 in surface waters and from 1.7 to 9.1?µmol?l?1 in bottom waters. The results of PO4-P analysis showed higher values in surface waters (0.28–2.75?µmol?l?1) than in bottom waters (0.10–1.70?µmol?l?1). The average concentration of silicates was relatively lower in the surface than in the bottom waters (8.97 and 10.1?µmol?l?1, respectively). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) among seasons and sites revealed significant differences for ammonia, total nitrogen and phosphate, while nitrate showed no significant differences among stations. Finally, silicate did not show any significant variance among sites and seasons (ANOVA, P?>?0.05). 相似文献
858.
L. A. Mohamed 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(5):381-386
Presence of Tributyltin (TBT) in Alexandria’s coastal water areas has been demonstrated by measuring concentrations of this compound. The TBT was measured in sediments from three docking areas namely: Western Harbour, Eastern Harbour and Abu Qir Bay. The sediment of those areas has been affected by marine traffic and other industrial activities. This is reflected by the distribution of TBT in the sediments nearby the shipyards in the three docking areas of the region where the average values of 258.6 ηg TBT/g for Western Harbour; 126.4 ηg TBT/g dw for Abu Qir Bay and 42.3 ηg TBT/g dw for the Eastern Harbour were recorded. This fact reflects the effect of industry and marine traffic on the marine environments of the Alexandria region. 相似文献
859.
Thymol, the main phenolic compound in Thymus vulgaris, has been shown to have various biological effects. The main objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of thymol on counteracting hexavalent chromium-induced oxidative damage in rat erythrocytes in vitro. The radical scavenging activity of thymol was examined using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. Erythrocytes resistance to oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation, osmotic pressure, hemolysis as well as morphological alterations were evaluated in the presence of 2.5 µg thymol mL?1 with or without 5 µmol hexavalent chromium mL?1 of the incubation media. Results from the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay denoted good radical scavenging activity of thymol. Thymol caused a significant increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and reduced glutathione content in erythrocytes intoxicated with hexavalent chromium. In contrast, the presence of thymol resulted in markedly less-elevated malondialdehyde levels, hemolysis, and destabilization of erythrocytes exposed to hexavalent chromium. Microscopically, thymol markedly reduced hexavalent chromium-induced morphological alterations in rat red blood cells. Conclusively, thymol counteracted hexavalent chromium-induced oxidative damage in rat erythrocytes. 相似文献
860.
Rasool Bux MAHAR Abdul Razaque SAHITO Dongbei YUE Kamranullah KHAN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(1):159-167
The cumulative landfill gas (LFG) production and its rate were simulated for pretreated municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill using four models namely first order exponential model, modified Gompertz model, single component combined growth and decay model and Gaussian function. Considering the behavior of the pretreated MSW landfill, a new multi component model was based on biochemical processes that occurring in landfilled pretreated MSW. The model was developed on the basis of single component combined growth and decay model using an anaerobic landfill simulator reactor which treats the pretreated MSW. It includes three components of the degradation i.e. quickly degradable, moderately degradable and slowly degradable. Moreover, the developed model was statistically analyzed for its goodness of fit. The results show that the multi components LFG production model is more suitable in comparison to the simulated models and can efficiently be used as a modeling tool for pretreated MSW landfills. The proposed model is likely to give assistance in sizing of LFG collection system, generates speedy results at lower cost, improves cost-benefit analysis and decreases LFG project risk. It also indicates the stabilization of the landfill and helps the managers in the reuse of the landfill space. The proposed model is limited to aerobically pretreated MSW landfill and also requires the values of delay times in LFG productions from moderately and slowly degradable fractions of pretreated MSW. 相似文献