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241.
Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Farmers’ Perceptions of Land Degradation and Stonewall Terraces in Central Palestine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Land degradation by soil erosion is a socioeconomic and environmental problem facing many developing countries. Application
of stonewall terraces for soil moisture conservation is vital to reducing the environmental impacts of this phenomenon. To
this end, a field plot experiment was conducted in the study area along with the use of a closed-ended questionnaire. The
object of the experiment was to study the socioeconomic impacts of soil erosion on local farmers and their adoption of the
stonewall terrace technique. The study showed a higher net profit in areas that had implemented terrace conservation practices
than in areas that had not (i.e., 3.5 to 6 times higher net profit). Correlation analysis indicated that the farmers’ perceptions,
land ownership, and geomorphology were significantly related to the farmers’ incentives and willingness to adopt terraces
as soil conservation measures (P < 0.05), although the correlations were negative. Smallholder farmers (52% of the interviewed farmers) were involved in the
sale of the agricultural land for urban uses, largely because of the high price and immediate returns offered. However, the
associated land use changes warrant greater involvement of both the private and public sectors. This cooperation may be accomplished
through the introduction of a long-term agricultural loan system and the development of proper legislation accompanied by
a comprehensive and durable infrastructure and service system with the goal of reducing the negative impact of land use changes
and encouraging sustainable use of resources. 相似文献
242.
Amjad Adnan Randhawa Muhammad Atif Javed Muhammad Sameem Muhammad Zafarullah Ashraf Mussawar Ahmad Zulfiqar Murtaza Shamas 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(32):39693-39701
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study was designed to assess the gradual increase in the use of insecticides on vegetables and to familiarize the consumers regarding the... 相似文献
243.
Developing the first halophytic turfgrasses for the urban landscape from native Arabian desert grass
Zamin Muhammad Fahad Shah Khattak Abdul Mateen Adnan Muhammad Wahid Fazli Raza Ahmad Wang Depeng Saud Shah Noor Muhammad Bakhat Hafiz Faiq Mubeen Muhammad Hammad Hafiz Mohkum Soliman Mona. H. Elkelish Amr A. Riaz Muhammad Nasim Wajid 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(32):39702-39716
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Climate change is occurring and is influencing biological systems through augmented temperatures, more inconstant precipitation, and rising CO2 in the... 相似文献
244.
Ahmad Manzoor Khattak Shoukat Iqbal Khan Anwar Rahman Zia Ur 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2020,27(2):203-232
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - The paper proposes a new perspective in the environmental and resource economics literature by examining innovation (measured by R&D expenditures),... 相似文献
245.
Ambio - The Syrian crisis caused a massive influx of displaced people into neighboring countries, with Lebanon hosting the highest per capita number of refugees (3:10). Water remains the most... 相似文献
246.
Khalik M. Sabil Ana Rita C. Duarte John Zevenbergen Murni M. Ahmad Suzana Yusup Abdul A. Omar Cor J. Peters 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2010,4(5):798-805
A laboratory-scale reactor system is built and operated to measure the kinetic of formation for single and mixed carbon dioxide–tetrahydrofuran hydrates. The T-cycle method, which is used to collect the kinetic data, is briefly discussed. For single carbon dioxide hydrate, the induction time decreases with the increase of the initial carbon dioxide pressure up to 2.96 MPa. Beyond this pressure, the induction time is becoming relatively constant with the increase of initial carbon dioxide pressure indicating that the liquid phase is completely supersaturated with carbon dioxide. Experimental results show that the inclusion of tetrahydrofuran reduces the induction time required for hydrate formation. These observations indicate hydrate nucleation process and onset growth are more readily to occur in the presence of tetrahydrofuran. In contrast, the presence of sodium chloride prolongs the induction time due to clustering of water molecules with the ions and the salting-out effects. It is also shown that the degree of subcooling required for hydrate formation is affected by the presence of tetrahydrofuran and sodium chloride in the hydrate forming system. The presence of tetrahydrofuran in the hydrate system significantly reduces the amount of carbon dioxide uptake. The apparent rate constant, k, for those systems are reported. 相似文献
247.
Ian Colbeck Zaheer Ahmad Nasir Zulfiqar Ali 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(6):1187-1196
Background and purpose
In Pakistan, almost 70% of the population lives in rural areas. Ninety-four percent of households in rural areas and 58% in urban areas depend on biomass fuels (wood, dung, and agricultural waste). These solid fuels have poor combustion efficiency. Due to incomplete combustion of the biomass fuels, the resulting smoke contains a range of health-deteriorating substances that, at varying concentrations, can pose a serious threat to human health. Indoor air pollution accounts for 28,000 deaths a year and 40 million cases of acute respiratory illness. It places a significant economic burden on Pakistan with an annual cost of 1% of GDP. Despite the mounting evidence of an association between indoor air pollution and ill health, policy makers have paid little attention to it. This review analyzes the existing information on levels of indoor air pollution in Pakistan and suggests suitable intervention methods. 相似文献248.
The objective of this study was to establish relationship between boron induced oxidative stress and antioxidant system in Vigna radiata plants and also to investigate whether brassinosteroids will enhance the level of antioxidant system that could confer tolerance to the plants from the boron induced oxidative stress. The mung bean (V. radiata cv. T-44) plants were administered with 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 mM boron at 6 d stage for 7 d along with nutrient solution. At 13 d stage, the seedlings were sprayed with deionized water (control) or 10−8 M of 28-homobrassinolide and plants were harvested at 21 d stage to assess growth, leaf gas-exchange traits and biochemical parameters. The boron treatments diminished growth, water relations and photosynthetic attributes along with nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase activity in the concentration dependent manner whereas, it enhanced lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, accumulation of H2O2 as well as proline, and various antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of mung bean which were more pronounced at higher concentrations of boron. However, the follow-up application of 28-homobrassinolide to the boron stressed plants improved growth, water relations and photosynthesis and further enhanced the various antioxidant enzymes viz. catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and content of proline. The elevated level of antioxidant enzymes as well as proline could have conferred tolerance to the B-stressed plants resulting in improved growth, water relations and photosynthetic attributes. 相似文献
249.
Brassinosteroids protect photosynthetic machinery against the cadmium induced oxidative stress in two tomato cultivars 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The present study was conducted with an aim to gain better insight of brassinosteroid generated response on the effects of cadmium on photosynthetic machinery and active oxygen metabolism in two tomato cultivars (K-25 and Sarvodya). These tomato cultivars were subjected to graded cadmium levels in soil (0, 3, 6, 9 or 12 mg kg−1 soil) with their foliage being sprayed with 0 or 10−8 M of 28-homobrassinolide/24-epibrassinolide (HBL/EBL) at 59 d stage. The results suggested that photosynthetic parameters, leaf water potential and activity of several enzymes (nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase) decreased significantly in both the cultivars, to a lesser extent in K-25 than Sarvodya with the increasing levels of cadmium in the soil. However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and proline content increased in response to metal treatment as well as the application of brassinosteroids (HBL/EBL). Overall, exogenous application of brassinosteroids improved the activity of photosynthetic machinery and that of antioxidant defense system in both the cultivars, and also nullified the damaging effect of metal on these parameters. 相似文献
250.
Ai Yin Sow Ahmad Ismail Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8964-8973
The present study investigates the concentration of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu in the paddy field soils collected from Tumpat, Kelantan. Soil samples were treated with sequential extraction to distinguish the anthropogenic and lithogenic origin of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu. ELFE and oxidizable-organic fractions were detected as the lowest accumulation of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu. Therefore, all the heavy metals examined were concentrated, particularly in resistant fraction, indicating that those heavy metals occurred and accumulated in an unavailable form. The utilization of agrochemical fertilizers and pesticides might not elevate the levels of heavy metals in the paddy field soils. In comparison, the enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index for Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu suggest that these heavy metals have the potential to cause environmental risk, although they present abundance in resistant fraction. Therefore, a complete study should be conducted based on the paddy cycle, which in turn could provide a clear picture of heavy metals distribution in the paddy field soils. 相似文献