全文获取类型
收费全文 | 580篇 |
免费 | 12篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 14篇 |
废物处理 | 38篇 |
环保管理 | 42篇 |
综合类 | 65篇 |
基础理论 | 157篇 |
污染及防治 | 184篇 |
评价与监测 | 54篇 |
社会与环境 | 43篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 26篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 34篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 32篇 |
2013年 | 49篇 |
2012年 | 42篇 |
2011年 | 55篇 |
2010年 | 36篇 |
2009年 | 38篇 |
2008年 | 29篇 |
2007年 | 34篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 16篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有599条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
521.
The benefits of flue gas recirculation in waste incineration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Flue gas recirculation in the incinerator combustion chamber is an operative technique that offers substantial benefits in managing waste incineration. The advantages that can be obtained are both economic and environmental and are determined by the low flow rate of fumes actually emitted if compared to the flue gas released when recirculation is not conducted. Simulations of two incineration processes, with and without flue gas recirculation, have been carried out by using a commercial flowsheeting simulator. The results of the simulations demonstrate that, from an economic point of view, the proposed technique permits a greater level of energy recovery (up to +3%) and, at the same time, lower investment costs as far as the equipment and machinery constituting the air pollution control section of the plant are concerned. At equal treatment system efficiencies, the environmental benefits stem from the decrease in the emission of atmospheric pollutants. Throughout the paper reference is made to the EC legislation in the field of environmental protection, thus ensuring the general validity in the EU of the foundations laid and conclusions drawn henceforth. A numerical example concerning mercury emission quantifies the reported considerations and illustrates that flue gas recirculation reduces emission of this pollutant by 50%. 相似文献
522.
523.
Toward quantification of the impact of 21st‐century deforestation on the extinction risk of terrestrial vertebrates
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Conservation biology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Łukasz Tracewski Stuart H.M. Butchart Moreno Di Marco Gentile F. Ficetola Carlo Rondinini Andy Symes Hannah Wheatley Alison E. Beresford Graeme M. Buchanan 《Conservation biology》2016,30(5):1070-1079
Conservation actions need to be prioritized, often taking into account species’ extinction risk. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List provides an accepted, objective framework for the assessment of extinction risk. Assessments based on data collected in the field are the best option, but the field data to base these on are often limited. Information collected through remote sensing can be used in place of field data to inform assessments. Forests are perhaps the best‐studied land‐cover type for use of remote‐sensing data. Using an open‐access 30‐m resolution map of tree cover and its change between 2000 and 2012, we assessed the extent of forest cover and loss within the distributions of 11,186 forest‐dependent amphibians, birds, and mammals worldwide. For 16 species, forest loss resulted in an elevated extinction risk under red‐list criterion A, owing to inferred rapid population declines. This number increased to 23 when data‐deficient species (i.e., those with insufficient information for evaluation) were included. Under red‐list criterion B2, 484 species (855 when data‐deficient species were included) were considered at elevated extinction risk, owing to restricted areas of occupancy resulting from little forest cover remaining within their ranges. The proportion of species of conservation concern would increase by 32.8% for amphibians, 15.1% for birds, and 24.7% for mammals if our suggested uplistings are accepted. Central America, the Northern Andes, Madagascar, the Eastern Arc forests in Africa, and the islands of Southeast Asia are hotspots for these species. Our results illustrate the utility of satellite imagery for global extinction‐risk assessment and measurement of progress toward international environmental agreement targets. 相似文献
524.
Martijn Mes Marco Schutten Arturo Pérez Rivera 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(9):1564-1576
We consider the problem of collecting waste from sensor equipped underground containers. These sensors enable the use of a dynamic collection policy. The problem, which is known as a reverse inventory routing problem, involves decisions regarding routing and container selection. In more dense networks, the latter becomes more important. To cope with uncertainty in deposit volumes and with fluctuations due to daily and seasonal effects, we need an anticipatory policy that balances the workload over time. We propose a relatively simple heuristic consisting of several tunable parameters depending on the day of the week. We tune the parameters of this policy using optimal learning techniques combined with simulation. We illustrate our approach using a real life problem instance of a waste collection company, located in The Netherlands, and perform experiments on several other instances. For our case study, we show that costs savings up to 40% are possible by optimizing the parameters. 相似文献
525.
Vedder O Komdeur J van der Velde M Schut E Magrath MJ 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(4):741-752
Polygyny and extra-pair paternity are generally thought to enhance sexual selection. However, the extent to which these phenomena
increase variance in male reproductive success will depend on the covariance between success at these two strategies. We analysed
these patterns over four breeding seasons in facultatively polygynous blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus. We found that both polygyny and extra-pair paternity increased variance in male reproductive success and that standardised
variance in annual number of genetic fledglings was 2.6 times higher than standardised variance in apparent success when assuming
strict monogamy. Nevertheless, male success at securing within-pair paternity was unrelated to success at gaining extra-pair
paternity and, when considering the positive effect of age on extra-pair success and attracting a second female, polygynous
males were no more likely to sire extra-pair fledglings. Overall, polygynous males fledged more genetic offspring than monogamous
males, but first-year polygynous males lost a greater share of within-pair paternity. A literature review suggests that this
adverse effect of polygyny on within-pair paternity is frequent among birds, inconsistent with the prediction that females
engage in extra-pair copulation with successful males to obtain good genes. Furthermore, a male's share of paternity was repeatable
between years, and among females of polygynous males within years, such that a compatibility function of extra-pair copulations
was likewise unsupported. Instead, we suggest that the observed patterns are most consistent with a fertility insurance role
for extra-pair copulations, which does not exclude the greater opportunity for sexual selection through differential ability
of males to gain paternity. 相似文献
526.
Paola Pasolini Chiara Ragazzini Zelia Zaccaro Alessia Cariani Giorgia Ferrara Elena G. Gonzalez Monica Landi Ilaria Milano Marco Stagioni Ilaria Guarniero Fausto Tinti 《Marine Biology》2011,158(10):2173-2186
The European Raja clavata and the South African R. straeleni are marine skates which exhibit highly conserved morphological and ecological traits. Owing to this, taxonomic and evolutionary relationships between the two taxa have not yet fully elucidated. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that restricted gene flow and genetic divergence between these taxa might be associated with climatic/oceanographic discontinuities by surveying genetic variation in ten geographical samples at control region (CR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci. The clustering of CR haplotypes in two reciprocally monophyletic clades consistent with taxon zoogeography and the significant AFLP F values between the European and South African populations indicated the two taxa as recently diverged peripatric sibling species. Within each species, significant spatial genetic heterogeneity among samples at both markers revealed population structuring. We argued that structured populations and isolated sibling species might represent two stages of geographical speciation. 相似文献
527.
Contribution of a municipal solid waste incinerator to the trace metals in the surrounding soil 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This study analyses the pedological environment of the area near a municipal waste incinerator that has been operating in the south-east district of Pisa for approximately 20?years. There are many other industrial activities in the area besides the incinerator, which represent possible sources of pollution, as well as heavy road traffic. The study area was defined by a 0-4-km zone around the site with a population of approximately 12,000 residents. The study included the physical and chemical characterisation of 100 samples of soil and an analysis of trace metals such as Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg, As and Cd. The samples were grouped into soil use categories. The results showed Zn, Pb and Hg correlated with their potentially mobile fractions, and suggested an anthropic contribution to their presence in the soil. Ni, Cr and As showed values attributable to a lithological origin. This was consistent with the PCA results. The aim was to define the environmental state of the soil of the area in order to create a reference for future research and to verify the possible presence of pollution from other sources (local industrial activities and traffic). 相似文献
528.
Alberto Pistocchi Jan Groenwold Joost Lahr Mark Loos Marelys Mujica Ad M. J. Ragas Robert Rallo Serenella Sala Uwe Schlink Kathrin Strebel Marco Vighi Pilar Vizcaino 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(2):119-133
We present examples of cumulative chemical risk mapping methods developed within the NoMiracle project. The different examples illustrate the application of the concentration addition (CA) approach to pesticides at different scale, the integration in space of cumulative risks to individual organisms under the CA assumption, and two techniques to (1) integrate risks using data-driven, parametric statistical methods, and (2) cluster together areas with similar occurrence of different risk factors, respectively. The examples are used to discuss some general issues, particularly on the conventional nature of cumulative risk maps, and may provide some suggestions for the practice of cumulative risk mapping. 相似文献
529.
Matteo Vizzarri Ugo Chiavetta Giovanni Santopuoli Daniela Tonti Marco Marchetti 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(8):1454-1478
In last decades, numerous efforts have been carried out by the scientific community to assess the multifunctional role of forests in supporting the forest decision-making processes. Recently developed in Italy, the Forest Landscape Management Planning seems to be the most suitable tool to maintain the sustainability balance between forests and local populations. This research identifies and maps different forest ecosystem functions in a mountain Natura2000 Network site by performing a spatial estimation of forest inventory parameters, and implementing a multi-criteria and multi-level approach. Final results on mapping of forest functions show acceptable values of classification accuracy. 相似文献
530.
Mar??a Ornela Beltrame Silvia Graciela De Marco Jorge Eduardo Marcovecchio 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,172(1-4):379-389
This paper presents the concentrations of total copper, lead, cadmium, and zinc in hepatopancreas of the burrowing crab Neohelice granulata from the Samboromb??n Bay (La Plata River estuary) and the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Argentina. The highest accumulation of lead was observed in Mar Chiquita samples, whereas copper, zinc, and cadmium concentrations were higher in those from Samboromb??n Bay. Marked temporal and geographic availability differences were observed, while sexual differences only were observed for zinc. Finally, the validity of using this species as bioindicator of heavy-metal pollution within the assessed estuarine ecosystems is discussed. 相似文献