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21.
Adriana Beatriz Madeira 《环境质量管理》2019,28(3):111-116
The challenges posed by the limited availability of resources means that retail operations and methods must be revised and redesigned. Against the current backdrop of changes, companies are seeking to innovate the way in which they market their wares. Within this context, this article discusses the “green marketing mix” from the perspective of Brazilian retail enterprises. In addition, the study described in this article sought to identify and highlight the elements that should be considered when defining strategically each variable within the green retail marketing mix. As part of this work, a case study was carried out on two Brazilian retail companies. The case analysis revealed that despite defining themselves as “green,” when their retail marketing mix was analyzed, the companies presented differing degrees of sustainability. Furthermore, expanding the theoretical framework for the green retail marketing mix is a crucial issue in the services sector, and it has significant, practical repercussions. 相似文献
22.
Silva Marcio Roberto Ferreira Fernando César Maranhão Adriana Gonçalves Lanzarini Natália Maria de Carvalho Castro Karina Neboo Miagostovich Marize Pereira 《Food and environmental virology》2021,13(4):528-534
Food and Environmental Virology - Enteric viruses have been described as important contaminants in fresh and ready-to-eat foods such as sandwiches, deli meat and dairy products. This is a... 相似文献
23.
Montes AM González-Farias FA Botello AV 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1359-1369
The lagoon system of Navachiste-Macapule is located in northern Mexico, in the state of Sinaloa, with an area of 24,000 ha.
The main economic activity in the area is agriculture, and the lagoon lies next to the irrigation district ID-063 which covers
116,615 ha. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the levels of pollution generated by organochlorine pesticides (OC) in
the surface sediments of the lagoon and in the agricultural drains of the ID-063 that are supposedly transported into the
system as a result of agricultural activities and runoff from adjacent land. For this, between 2006 and 2007, 45 surface sediment
samples were collected (warm dry, rainy and cold dry) from 15 sampling sites, during the three climatic seasons. Of these,
eight were located inside the lagoon in marine conditions (salinity >31 PSU) and seven in the agricultural drains of the ID-063
in freshwater conditions (salinity <5 PSU). The average concentration of the OC in the sediments was 44.75 ng g − 1, among which the group of the alicyclic compounds presented the greatest concentrations. The average value of the total organic
carbon (TOC) in the sediments of the system was 0.90%. The sediments collected inside the lagoon had an average OC concentration
of 18.97 ng g − 1, and the predominant type of sediment was fine to very fine sand. The average OC concentration in the sediments collected
in the agricultural drains was 75.69 ng g − 1, where fine sediments (silt) were predominant. The presence of methoxychlor, endrin and heptachlor suggested that these compounds
were continuously used in the system, even though their use is forbidden in Mexico. 相似文献
24.
Cruceru I Iancu V Petre J Badea IA Vladescu L 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):2783-2795
A simple, sensitive and reliable HPLC-FLD method for the routine determination of 4-nonylphenol, 4-NP and 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-t-OP content in water samples was developed. The method consists in a liquid–liquid extraction of the target analytes with dichloromethane at pH 3.0–3.5 followed by the HPLC-FLD analysis of the organic extract using a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C8 column, isocratic elution with a mixed solvent acetonitrile/water 65:35, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and applying a column temperature of 40°C. The method was validated and then applied with good results for the determination of 4-NP and 4-t-OP in Ialomi?a River water samples collected each month during 2006. The concentration levels of 4-NP and 4-t-OP vary between 0.08–0.17 μg/L with higher values of 0.24–0.37 μg/L in the summer months for 4-NP, and frequently <0.05 μg/L but also between 0.06–0.09 μg/L with higher values of 0.12–0.16 μg/L in July and August for 4-t-OP and were strongly influenced by sesonial and anthropic factors. The method was also applied on samples collected over 2 years 2007 and 2008 from urban wastewaters discharged into sewage or directly into the rivers by economic agents located in 30 Romanian towns. Good results were obtained when the method was used for analysis of effluents discharged into surface waters by 16 municipal wastewater treatment plants, during the year 2008. 相似文献
25.
Héctor G. Riveros Javier Tejeda Luis Ortiz Adriana Julián-Sánchez Héctor Riveros-Rosas 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):973-984
Abstract In Mexico City, the use and composition of fuels determine that carbon monoxide (CO) comes mostly from mobile sources, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) from fixed and mobile sources. By simultaneously measuring hydrocarbons (HC), CO, and SO2 in the atmosphere of Mexico City, the relative amounts coming from different sources can be estimated. Assuming that some HC are emitted proportionally to CO emissions, we can establish that [HC]1= m1? [CO], where the proportionality constant ml corresponds to the ratio of emissions factor for HC and CO in mobile sources. Similarly for fuels containing sulfur, it can be assumed that [HC]2 = m2 ? [SO2]. In this way, the total HC are [HC]total=[HC]0+ ml ? [CO]+ m2 ? [SO2], where [HC]0 corresponds mainly to other sources like solvent evaporation, gas consumption, and natural emissions. In this way, it can be estimated that in Mexico City 75% of average HC comes from mobile sources, 5% from sulfur-related sources, and 19% from natural sources and solvent evaporation. Compared with the HC/CO ratio measured in the exhaust pipe of vehicles, we estimated that 70% of HC emitted from mobile sources are evaporative losses, and only 30% come through the exhaust system. 相似文献
26.
Tatiane C. Dal Bosco Silvio C. Sampaio Silvia R. M. Coelho Natássia J. Cosmann Adriana Smanhotto 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):485-494
The application of swine wastewater to the soil for agricultural purposes results in the addition of total and dissolved organic matter to the soil, which may interfere with the dynamics of pesticides in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of total and dissolved organic matter from a biodigester and a treatment lagoon of swine wastewater in the adsorption and desorption of alachlor [2-chloro-2,6-diethyl-N(methoxymethyl acetamide)]. The assay was performed by the batch equilibrium method, and the results were fitted to the Freundlich model. The curve comparison test revealed a greater adsorption of alachlor in the soil treated with swine wastewater from the biodigester. The adsorption and desorption of alachlor increased in the soils where swine wastewater was added, and hysteresis was observed in all of the treatments. 相似文献
27.
Fernanda Menezes França Teresa C. Brazil De Paiva Adriana S. Marcantônio Patrícia C. Teixeira Cláudia Maris Ferreira 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):406-410
The objective of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of some pesticides used in irrigated rice farming to Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles. The LC50-96h for commercial formulations containing bentazon, penoxsulam, vegetable oil, permethrin and carbofuran, separately and their mixtures, were determined at the proportions commonly used in the field. The limits of risk concentrations of these products for the studied species were also established. The LC50-96h for tadpoles was 4,530 mg L?1 for bentazon; 7.52 mg L?1 for penoxsulam + 145.66 mg L?1 of vegetable oil; 81.57 mg L?1 for vegetable oil; 0.10 mg L?1 for permethrin; 29.90 mg L?1 for carbofuran (active ingredients), and 38.79 times the dose used in the field for the mixture of these products. The environmental risk was determined only for permethrin, and care should be taken when using the vegetable oil. 相似文献
28.
Hapry F. N. Lapian Marco Barucca Giorgio Bavestrello Maria A. Biscotti Marzia Bo Adriana Canapa Silvia Tazioli Ettore Olmo 《Marine Biology》2007,151(2):785-792
A phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences was performed on 15 species of black corals assigned to the genera Antipathes, Stichopathes, Cirrhipathes, Rhipidipathes, Antipathella, Myriopathes and Cupressopathes recorded from the Messina Strait (Mediterranean Sea) and the Bunaken Marine Park (Celebes Sea, Indonesia). The phylogenetic analysis shows that the examined species are grouped in two main branches corresponding to the families Antipathidae-Aphanipathidae and Myriopathidae. While among the Myriopathidae species there is a very small genetic distance, the Antipathidae-Aphanipathidae clade shows a high degree of divergence between different genera. According to this study, the taxon Antipathes? sp. 3 characterised by a bush-like corallum without a well-defined axis, probably belongs to a new undescribed genus of the family Antipathidae. 相似文献
29.
Moon DH Dermatas D Wazne M Sanchez AM Chrysochoou M Grubb DG 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2007,29(4):289-294
Several million tons of Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR) were deposited at two sites in New Jersey and Maryland, USA,
and over time they exhibited extensive heaving phenomena. Ettringite, a needle-shaped mineral and an expansive mineral commonly
recognized in the literature concerning cement- and soil, has been identified extensively in numerous COPR samples collected
from these sites. It was therefore believed that ettringite formation and its crystal growth are strongly associated with
COPR heaving. We investigated the correlation between ettringite and the heaving phenomena in COPR materials that contained
no initial ettringite. Two identical COPR samples were exposed to a 4% w/w sulfate solution (25°C, 50°C) in a confined swell
test apparatus. Both swell test samples were analyzed by means of X-ray powder diffraction. The peak intensities of newly
formed ettringite were more pronounced in the sample tested at 50°C, and swell development was only observed in this sample.
Scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed well-crystallized ettringite needles exceeding 40 μm in length for this sample,
while ettringite crystals less than 15 μm in length formed in the sample tested at 25°C. Therefore, the results suggest that
the quantity of ettringite and the extent of crystallization play a key role in the heave of COPR. 相似文献
30.
The distribution of HCH isomers, DDT analogues and selected PCB congeners in pork organs collected from the same individuals raised in Romanian farms was investigated. Organochlorine pesticides (HCHs and DDTs) were the principal contaminants in all samples, while PCB concentrations were low, in accordance with previously reported concentrations from Romanian animal farms. The most part of the pollutant load in the body is retained in the adipose tissue, with HCHs ranging between 16 and 27.7 ng/g lipid and with higher concentrations of DDTs ranging between 65.9 and 334.5 ng/g lipid. The highest PCB levels (up to 32 ng/g lipid) were measured in lung and liver. The lipid-normalized concentrations in the brain were lower than in all other tissues due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier or due to a lower proportion of the neutral lipids such as triglycerides. The highest concentrations of DDTs were measured in muscle and fat, with p,p'-DDE being the principal contributor and with a variable contribution of p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT. In liver, p,p'-DDD has a higher contribution to the sum DDTs, while in all analyzed livers, the concentration of p,p'-DDT was very low. beta-HCH was the most persistent HCH isomer in all tissues, accounting for 40-97% of sum HCHs. For all animals, the highest concentrations of beta-HCH and HCHs were found in liver, while the lowest HCH concentrations were measured in brain and spinal marrow. Additionally, the distribution of alpha-HCH enantiomers in the tissues was discussed. In all samples (except 2 brain samples), (+) alpha-HCH was depleted and (-) alpha-HCH was enantioenriched. Enantiomeric ratios in brain were the highest measured values between all organs. For all studied animals, ERs increased in the order fat < muscle < liver < brain. 相似文献