树脂吸附法处理磺胺中间体生产废水的研究

研究了树脂吸附法处理磺胺中间体生产废水的工艺过程，研究结果表明，NDA－900吸附树脂对该废水具有良好的吸附－脱附处理效果，在原废水中对氨基苯磺酸质量浓度为5000－6000mg/L，氨基值近5000mg/L,COD高达10000mg/L以上，经树脂吸附处理后（处理量为每批次12BV），对氨基苯磺酸的去除率大于96％，氨基值去除率大于65％，COD去除率大于55％，树脂脱附液经酸化结晶，过滤处理，可回收对氨基苯磺酸。     

某天然气井成功处理油管内井喷失控的实例分析

在天然气井钻井和井下作业施工中,由于井下或操作人员原因,稍有不慎就会形成井喷失控事故,带来经济损失和不良社会影响。介绍了一口天然气井由于管柱内失控形成井喷事故而处理成功的实例,以期对井控实际工作有所帮助。     

蓄热式高温带压蒸汽发生器设计

介绍了自制蓄热式高温带压蒸汽发生器的工作原理及运行过程,对炉体结构进行了设计计算,设计并计算了保温层的厚度,通过部分热态实验,验证了高温带压蒸汽发生器设计的合理性和系统运行的可靠性。试验结果表明,经过高温带压蒸汽发生器蓄热室的换热,可以生产出压力在0.2～0.4 MPa、温度在650℃以上的高温过热水蒸气。从而说明系统的整体设计能满足要求。     

吉林省污水处理厂环境管理现状与污染防治对策初探

吉林省有污水处理厂20座,以城镇污水处理厂居多,约占吉林省污水处理厂总座数的75%。主要削减的污染物为第二类污染物,并以化学需氧量和生化需氧量削减量最大;吉林地区污水处理厂化学需氧量和生化需氧量削减量最大,其次为长春和四平地区,辽源地区污水处理厂化学需氧量削减量最小;松花江流域污水处理厂化学需氧量削减量最大,其次为辽河流域,再次为图们江流域。松花江流域污水处理厂生化需氧量也是削减量最大,其次为辽河流域,再次为图们江流域;全省第二类污染物削减率为79.46%。针对吉林省污水处理厂污水及污水中污染物处理情况,加强全省污水处理厂的能力等各方面建设势在必行。     

基于mcrA基因分析污泥干化芦苇床中产甲烷菌的多样性

基于mcrA基因探讨污泥干化芦苇床稳定污泥过程中的产甲烷菌多样性,利用PCR-DGGE技术分析不同时期、不同干化床污泥中产甲烷菌群落变化。DGGE图谱聚类分析发现,同一时期不同干化床污泥中产甲烷菌群落相似度较高;而同一干化床、不同时期污泥中的产甲烷菌群落有显著的差异。结果表明,污泥干化芦苇床中产甲烷菌的优势种属主要随芦苇生长时期和污泥稳定化时间的延长而改变。基于序列和系统发育树分析,干化床污泥样品中主要的产甲烷优势菌属是甲烷杆菌属(Methanobacterium),甲烷微菌属(Methanomicrobium),表明有通气结构的芦苇床更能有效抑制产甲烷菌的生长,进而有利于减少甲烷的排放。     

Preparation of a permanent magnetic hypercrosslinked resin and assessment of its ability to remove organic micropollutants from drinking water

A rapid and effective method based on a novel permanent magnetic hypercrosslinked resin W150 was proposed for the removal of organic micropollutants in drinking water. W150 was prepared by suspension and post-crosslinking reaction and found to possess a high specific surface area of 1149.7 m²·g^-1, a small particle size of 50 μm to 100 μm, and a saturation magnetization as high as 8 emu·g^-1. W150 was used to eliminate nitrofurazone (NFZ) and oxytetracycline (OTC) from drinking water compared with commercial adsorbents XAD-4 and F400D. The adsorption kinetics of NFZ and OTC onto the three adsorbents well fitted the pseudo-second-order equation (r>0.972), and the adsorption isotherms were all well described by the Freundlich equation (r>0.851). Results showed that the reduction in adsorbent size and the enlargement in sorbent pores both accelerated adsorption. Moreover, the effect of particle size on adsorption was more significant than that of pore width. Given that the smallest particle size and the highest specific surface area were possessed by W150, it had the fastest adsorption kinetics and largest adsorption capacity for NFZ (180 mg·g^-1) and OTC (200 mg·g^-1). For the adsorbents with dominant micropores, the sorption of large-sized adsorbates decreased because of the inaccessible micropores. The solution pH and ionic strength also influenced adsorption.     

西北太平洋冬季气溶胶中稳定碳同位素组成特征

随着全球经济的快速发展，海洋大气受到了人为污染物的严重影响，并引起了广泛的关注.碳组分是海洋大气气溶胶的重要组成，对全球气候变化和海洋碳循环有着重要的影响.由于采样困难，有关偏远海域海洋气溶胶中总碳（TC）在传输过程中发生的化学反应及其污染来源的研究相对较少.因此，本研究于2014年12月-2015年3月期间搭载西北太平洋观测航次收集海洋大气气溶胶样品，并测定总碳（TC）浓度及其稳定碳同位素组成（δ¹³C）.结果表明，海洋大气气溶胶TC平均浓度为（4.0±4.4）μg·m^-3，δ¹³C平均值为-26.6‰±0.8‰.近岸与远海的TC平均浓度分别为（6.0±6.8）、（3.1±2.7）μg·m^-3，δ¹³C平均值分别为-26.0‰±1.1‰、-26.9‰±0.4‰.根据后向轨迹分析结果可知，近岸与远海TC浓度和同位素的差异可能是由不同气团的来源导致，近岸总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）中TC主要来源于大陆的生物质燃烧和机动车尾气，而远海可能与二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的形成比例相对较高有关.     

浙江省水源地水库浮游动物食性功能群特征及水质响应

为探明浙江省水源地水库浮游动物食性功能群特征及其与水体综合营养状态指数(TLIc)的关系,达到用浮游动物食性功能群参数监测水源地水库水质的目的,于2014年1月—2018年10月对浙江省8座饮用水水源地水库(K1～K8)开展了水质参数及浮游动物食性功能群丰度、生物量、物种多样性指数季节性调查.采用多元逐步回归与通径分析...     

Effects of diethylphthalate and di-(2-ethyl)hexylphthalate on the physiology and ultrastructure of cucumber seedlings

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are one kind of persistent organic pollutants. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of diethylphthalate (DEP) and di(2-ethyl)hexylphthalate (DEHP) with different concentrations (0, 30, 50, 100, and 200 mg L^?1) on early seedling growth of Cucumis sativus L. Physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructure of seedling leaves were examined for 7-day exposure. The three antioxidant enzymes’ activities was stimulated at low-DEP treatments and decreased under higher levels (>200 mg L^?1) compared to the controls. Furthermore, MDA and H₂O₂ gradually enhanced with the elevation of DEP and DEHP concentration. Significant impact on the chloroplast and mitochondrion was visible, possibly as a consequence of free radical generation. DEP induced bigger and more starch grains in chloroplasts than DEHP. This study concluded that the effects of DEP and DEHP on cucumber seedlings represented the adverse impacts of DEP and DEHP on the ecosystem and agricultural production. The environmental harm caused by DEP was severer than DEHP.     

有机氯农药在湖北省菜地土壤中的污染研究

采集了湖北省武汉、宜昌、襄阳地区的45个菜地土壤样品,测定其中11种有机氯农药的残留量,并对其残留特征和污染来源进行了研究分析。结果表明,所有土壤样品中均检出有机氯农药,但大多数点位的污染物含量均低于相关标准限值,通过数据统计和因子分析法得出p,p’-DDT、p,p’-DDE为主要污染物。计算特征比值后发现,该地区滴滴涕污染可能源于传统工业滴滴涕和三氯杀螨醇的混合源,既有早期污染也有新污染的输入,六六六污染主要源于林丹,氯丹残留主要源于早期污染。