Chronic exposure to contaminated drinking water stimulates PPAR expression in mice livers

Mice were fed with source water (SW) and tap water (TW) for 90 d to evaluate hepatotoxicity induced by the drinking water. Histopathologic observation showed no obvious damage to hepatic tissue in the SW and TW groups. However, microarray analysis indicated that the SW and TW exposures affected many metabolic pathways, among which PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) signaling was most susceptible. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that both PPAR-α and PPAR-γ were significantly increased in the exposure groups compared to control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that PPAR-α expression level was increased from 23.37±0.53 ng g(-1) liver weight in control group to 26.60±1.43 ng g(-1) liver weight in SW group and 27.68±1.10 ng g(-1) liver weight in TW group (p<0.05). For PPAR-γ, the expression level was also significantly enhanced from 0.83±0.07 ng g(-1) liver weight in control group to 1.11±0.20 ng g(-1) liver weight in SW group and 1.16±0.07 ng g(-1) liver weight in TW group (p<0.05). The SW and DW posed no obvious hepatotoxicity on mice and PPAR-α/-γ could be used as a novel biomarker to assess public health risk induced by slightly contaminated drinking water.     

新型高效氟吸附剂的研究进展

综述了共沉淀法和负载法制备的两类高效氟吸附剂,分别介绍了氟吸附剂的制备路线、吸附原理及结构性能,重点阐述了具有高效氟吸附能力的载体结构、修饰基团,并据此展望了新型高效除氟材料的发展方向。     

Different hydrodynamic processes regulated on water quality (nutrients,dissolved oxygen,and phytoplankton biomass) in three contrasting waters of Hong Kong

The subtropical Hong Kong (HK) waters are located at the eastern side of the Pearl River Estuary. Monthly changes of water quality, including nutrients, dissolved oxygen (DO), and phytoplankton biomass (Chl-a) were routinely investigated in 2003 by the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department in three contrasting waters of HK with different prevailing hydrodynamic processes. The western, eastern, and southern waters were mainly dominated by nutrient-replete Pearl River discharge, the nutrient-poor coastal/shelf oceanic waters, and mixtures of estuarine and coastal seawater and sewage effluent of Hong Kong, respectively. Acting in response, the water quality in these three contrasting areas showed apparently spatial–temporal variation pattern. Nutrients usually decreased along western waters to eastern waters. In the dry season, the water column was strongly mixed by monsoon winds and tidal currents, which resulted in relatively low Chl-a (<5 μg l^?1) and high bottom DO (>4 mg l^?1), suggesting that mixing enhanced the buffering capacity of eutrophication in HK waters. However, in the wet season, surface Chl-a was generally >10 μg l^?1 in southern waters in summer due to halocline and thermohaline stratification, adequate nutrients, and light availability. Although summer hypoxia (DO <2 mg l^?1) was episodically observed near sewage effluent site and in southern waters induced by vertical stratification, the eutrophication impacts in HK waters were not as severe as expected owing to P limitation and short water residence time in the wet season.     

Dissolved organic matter removal using magnetic anion exchange resin treatment on biological effluent of textile dyeing wastewater

This study investigated the removal of dissolved organic matter（DOM） from real dyeing bio-treatment effluents（DBEs） with the use of a novel magnetic anion exchange resin（NDMP）.DOMs in two typical DBEs were fractionized using DAX-8/XAD-4 resin and ultrafiltration membranes. The hydrophilic fractions and the low molecular weight（MW）（〈3 kDa） DOM fractions constituted a major portion（〉50%） of DOMs for the two effluents. The hydrophilic and low MW fractions of both effluents were the greatest contributors of specific UV254absorbance（SUVA254）,and the SUVA254 of DOM fractions decreased with hydrophobicity and MW. Two DBEs exhibited acute and chronic biotoxicities. Both acute and chronic toxicities of DOM fractions increased linearly with the increase of SUVA254 value. Kinetics of dissolved organic carbon（DOC） removal via NDMP treatment was performed by comparing it with that of particle active carbon（PAC）. Results indicated that the removal of DOC from DBEs via NDMP was 60%,whereas DOC removals by PAC were lower than 15%. Acidic organics could be significantly removed with the use of NDMP. DOM with large MW in DBE could be removed significantly by using the same means. Removal efficiency of NDMP for DOM decreased with the decrease of MW. Compared with PAC,NDMP could significantly reduce the acute and chronic bio-toxicities of DBEs. NaCl/NaOH mixture regenerants,with selected concentrations of 10% NaCl（m/m）/1%NaOH（m/m）,could improve desorption efficiency.     

杜氏盐藻对硫酸盐和镉的吸收及其相互关系

以对环境变化较为敏感的杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella tertiolecta)作为实验材料,研究了硫酸盐与镉的相互作用关系.结果表明,在两种 SO2-4水平(0.3mmnl·L-1,3mmol·L-1)条件下,相同浓度镉暴露时其总镉(TCd)含量基本相同,而 0.3mmol·L-1 SO2-4水平下,细胞内镉(ICd)的含量仅相当于3mmol·L-1 SO2-4 水平下的含量的40%左右,可能的机制是:在 SO2-4水平较高的情况下,细胞可以合成较高浓度的络合基团,从而使镉的生物可利用性和毒性大大增强;当镉暴露对杜氏盐藻的生长代谢产生抑制作用时,会诱导其对硫酸盐的吸收.因此,在进行水生生态系统的健康质量评价时,应当考虑S和Cd的相互作用.     

吸附法去除水体中腐殖酸的研究进展

腐殖酸是饮用水消毒副产物的前驱物,成为饮用水微污染的控制对象.介绍了吸附法在去除水体中的腐殖酸的研究应用,阐述了炭质吸附剂、树脂吸附剂和无机矿物质吸附剂去除腐殖酸的研究进展,并展望了复合功能树脂在控制水体微污染中的应用前景.     

镧的不同施用方式对镉胁迫下雪菜生长和重金属累积的影响

采用土壤盆栽法,探讨镧的不同施用方式对镉胁迫下雪菜(Brassica juncea var.crispifolia)生长及Cd和La累积的影响,以评价重金属污染土壤上施用稀土元素的生态效应。研究结果表明,镉污染土壤上,与不施La处理相比,无论何种方式施用La对雪菜生长和叶片维生素c质量分数均未产生显著的促进作用。叶面喷施La(10、25、50mg·L-1)不仅没有降低雪菜Cd的质量分数,反而导致大量的La累积在雪菜地上部。拌种虽然使1mg·kg-1Cd污染条件下雪菜地上部Cd的质量分数下降,但同时使地上部La的质量分数增加。根施La(1、5、25、125mg·kg-1)处理的雪菜地上部La的质量分数仍处于较低水平,但仅有根施1mg·kg-1La处理显著降低雪菜地上部Cd累积量,其他根施La处理对地上部Cd累积量无显著影响。     

高野豆腐等对大白鼠中二噁英类的排泄作用研究

通过投给大白鼠二噁英类(1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD和2,3,7,8-TeCDD),并喂食高野豆腐、酵素处理的高野豆腐、水溶性食物纤维等,对二噁英类从其粪便中的排泄和体内蓄积的抑制进行了研究.研究结果表明高野豆腐制品比水溶性食物纤维能更有效地促进二噁英类从粪便中排泄,更有效地抑制其在肝脏中的蓄积.     

冷轧镀锌线清洗段含油废水处理工艺探讨

采用气浮分离预处理工艺，处理含油、含碱混合废水，减轻了后序含油废水和酸碱废水处理系统的负荷，提高了净化效率和出水水质。