冷轧镀锌线清洗段含油废水处理工艺探讨

采用气浮分离预处理工艺，处理含油、含碱混合废水，减轻了后序含油废水和酸碱废水处理系统的负荷，提高了净化效率和出水水质。     

催化氧化法处理工业废水的研究进展

对Fenton试剂法、光催化氧化法、电催化氧化法、湿式催化氧化法及其它催化氧化法的研究现状和在工业废水处理中的应用情况作了介绍，并且提出了需要加强研究的方向。     

铜在鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)鱼鳃微环境中的形态分布

利用Playle设计的装置测定了不同铜暴露水平下鲤鱼鳃部进出水中的游离铜离子浓度、粘液含量及有关参数.用MINTEQA2和单配位体模型联合的试算方法计算了不同形态铜含量以及鳃部粘液对铜的络合能力.结果表明,利用该算法可以获得鱼鳃微环境金属形态分布的准确结果,同时可以得到与鱼鳃粘液络合能力有关的参数.随着暴露铜含量增加,粘液分泌量随之增加,鱼鳃微环境pH和碱度也有所上升.鱼鳃粘液的络合当量浓度(Cu/C)和稳定常数(对数)分别为0.95mmol/mg和5.32.就铜形态分布而言,鱼鳃微环境与外部水相的主要差别表现在相对较高的羟基络合态铜含量以及占总量3%～20%的鱼鳃粘液络合态铜.     

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent

A water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent (NJ-8) for adsorbing and removing phenolic compounds from their aqueous solutions was prepared. This product can be used directly without a wetting process. Its adsorption property toward four phenolic compounds, phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol, and p-nitrophenol was tested using the commercial Amberlite XAD-4 as a reference. The capacities of equilibrium adsorption for all four phenolic compounds on the NJ-8 from their aqueous solutions are around two times as high as that of Amberlite XAD4 within the temperature range 283-323 K, which may contribute to their micropore structure and the partial polarity on the network. Freundlich isotherm equations, as well as relative adsorption capacities and isosteric adsorption enthalpies for the four phenolic compounds, indicate that the adsorption of phenolic compounds on the NJ-8 resin is a physical adsorption process. Mini-column adsorption studies for phenol on Amberlite XAD4 and NJ-8 resins show that the breakthrough adsorption capacities are 0.54 and 0.99 mmol/ml, and the total capacities are 0.62 and 1.37 mmol/ml, while no extra acetone was needed to remove the adsorbed phenol from NJ-8 as from Amberlite XAD4.     

Phototransformation of nitrobenzene in the Songhua River: Kinetics and photoproduct analysis

Nitrobenzene (NB) pollution of the Songhua River caused by an explosion at a petrochemical plant in Jilin City,Jilin Province, China,attracted public concern over the fate of NB in the river.As one of the efforts to predict the fate of residual NB in the river,the kinetics and mechanism of phototransformation of NB in natural water from four sections of the Songhua River were investigated.It was found that photodegradation of NB in water proceeded via pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics under simulated ...     

电化学法去除有机污染物机理研究进展

电化学方法因其所具有的多功能性、操作简单、易于自动化并且具有环境兼容性等特点而倍受人们重视。近年来 ,国内外研究者对该方法在水处理中的应用进行了广泛的研究 ,并对有机污染物电化学降解机理提出了不同观点 ,本文对这些观点进行了分类 ,并对其中的主要观点进行论述     

Ti(IV)与铜离子共掺杂的羟基磷灰石薄膜弱紫外光杀菌研究

采用共沉淀水热合成和离子交换的方法,制备了钛与铜离子共掺杂的羟基磷灰石(Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2:HAP)(HAPTiCu),以大肠杆菌为目标物,研究了不同材料负载的多孔镍网薄膜在弱紫外光下的杀菌活性.结果表明,HAPTiCu在弱紫外光下具有高效杀菌效率,并远远高于HAPTi和P25TiO2薄膜.这主要是铜离子的抗菌与光催化分解细菌的协同作用的结果.电子自旋共振(ESR)研究表明杀菌反应的主要活性物种是O-2·.HAPTiCu薄膜释放的铜离子在光催化杀菌反应过程中,被光催化还原沉积在表面,导致了较低的铜离子溶出,从而保证了材料的稳定性.     

练江沉积物中多溴联苯醚的污染特征、来源和潜在生态风险研究

为考察贵屿电子垃圾拆解区污染沿水体向下游的迁移行为和影响,本文对练江贵屿段及其上下游表层沉积物进行了系统采样和多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）分析,并对其污染来源和潜在生态风险进行了探讨.结果表明：PBDEs在练江上下游沉积物中普遍存在（检出率100%）,在贵屿上游浓度较低（10.2~2120 ng·g^-1）,进入贵屿段急剧升高（7470~193000 ng·g^-1）,至贵屿下游后有所起伏但整体下降（734~11300 ng·g^-1）.练江的PBDEs污染主要来自于沿途排放,贵屿电子垃圾拆解业是其中最大的污染排放源.贵屿下游沉积物的PBDEs浓度比上游高约一个数量级,说明贵屿高浓度的PBDEs污染可沿水体迁移至下游.主因子分析结果表明练江沉积物中的PBDEs污染存在3种模式,上游和下游主要支流（贵屿支流除外）呈现Deca-BDE污染模式（BDE-209为绝对优势单体）,这是我国沉积物中PBDEs的典型污染模式,可视为练江沉积物中PBDEs污染的背景模式;贵屿则呈现出两种特异模式：Penta-BDE模式（优势单体BDE-47&-99）和Deca-BDE脱溴降解模式（以BDE-197为主,其次是-209）,这分别与贵屿地区的电路板拆解和塑料的高温处理方式（烘烤、焚烧、熔融等）有关;贵屿下游支流和主干道样品中的PBDEs呈现与贵屿相似但多种模式共存的特征,进一步证实贵屿的PBDEs污染已沿水体迁移至下游并影响其PBDEs组成特征.练江上游和下游主要支流（贵屿支流除外）PBDEs的风险商值（HQ）均<1,表明生态风险可接受;贵屿段PBDEs的HQ值均>1,最高达63.9,存在严重生态风险;受贵屿污染迁移影响,贵屿下游支流及部分练江主干道样品的HQ值也>1,为PBDEs污染高风险区;Penta-BDEs（三-五溴代BDEs）为HQ值主要贡献污染物,其次是Hexa-BDEs和Deca-BDE.鉴于PBDEs具有环境持久性且在贵屿段的沉积通量高达（477±648）t（贵屿下游为（152±169）t）,其在贵屿及其下游20 km以内的污染急需开展进一步调查并采取相应的污染治理和修复措施.     

电吸附技术去除水中磷酸盐离子的研究

水体富营养化是世界各国面临的重大环境污染问题.水中的磷酸盐作为水体富营养化的关键因素,如何有效去除日益引起研究者的关注.本研究利用电吸附技术处理水中PO_4~(3-)、HPO_4~(2-)和H_2PO_4~- 3种常见磷酸盐离子,并分析电吸附和脱附的特性及机理.实验得到电吸附处理K_3PO_4时,离子去除率最大,但脱附率最差,这严重影响电吸附电极的再生性.K_3PO_4溶液中存在大量的OH~-,炭电极对KOH产生物理吸附,该吸附类型比电吸附的双电层吸附难脱附.添加少量HCl调节磷酸盐的pH,减少OH~-,将溶液中PO_4~(3-)转化为HPO_4~(2-)和H_2PO_4~-,可以提高电极的脱附率,增加电极的循环使用效率,同时可增加溶液中磷含量的去除率.炭电极电吸附K_3PO_4+HCl溶液时,电极的再生性良好,连续循环四次,离子去除率由28.7%降为26.6%.     

Research on the Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources of Jinan City

Abstract

The study on the sustainable utilization of water resources of Jinan city is a research hotspot in the urban sustainable development field. How to use a scientific and rational evaluation index system to analyze the sustainable utilization of water resources of Jinan city and then guide the development and utilization of water resources becomes particularly important. Based on the theory of sustainable development this study introduces the method, basic steps and evaluation indexes of the assessment of the development and utilization of water resources. By systemic analyzing the exploitation and utilization standards of water resources and economy and society in Jinan city, the evaluation and index system of sustainable utilization of water resources in Jinan city can be constructed and index weight can be confirmed, and then, the standard of sustainable utilization of water resources in different years can be analyzed comparably. Thus, the deficiency of lack of reflection of coordination extent in water resources development standard, society and economy in traditional evaluation method is settled efficiently. The paper takes the sustainable utilization of water resources of Qingdao City in 2008 as the standard to compare and assess the water resources utilization in Jinan City. The paper also collects data of water resources in Jinan City from 2001 to 2007. The result indicates that evaluation method is of feasibility and it is effective to the implementation of sustainable utilization strategy water resources in Jinan City.