氨基淀粉絮凝剂合成工艺

以玉米淀粉为原料，以环氧氯丙烷(ECH)作交联剂，合成高交联淀粉(CS)；以HC1O4作引发剂，以ECH作醚化剂，合成中间产物3-氯-2-羟基丙烯基交联淀粉(CHCS)，在碱性条件下再与乙二胺反应，得到对重金属离子具有螯合能力的氨基淀粉(CAS)。最佳醚化条件：CS含水质量分数为7．0％，ECH与CS的摩尔比为2．5：1，HC104与CS的摩尔比为0．03：1，反应时间为8h，反应温度为95℃。以该法制得的CAS对废水中铜离子的去除能力为78．5mg／g。     

分级喷水增湿对半干法烟气脱硫效率的影响

研究了增湿水量、增湿水级数以及增湿水分配方式等参数对半干法烟气脱硫效率的影响。得出了一定试验条件下这些参数的优化值，它们分别为：增湿水量30％、三级增湿、递减分配方式。在此优化工况下，可以使塔内和系统脱硫效率分别达到68％和90％以上，比无增湿时分别提高6％和5％左右。     

pH和温度对2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚在土壤中吸附和解吸行为的影响研究

研究了pH和温度对2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)在土壤中的吸附和解吸行为的影响。结果表明,pH和温度都可以影响BDE-47在受试土壤中的吸附和解吸行为。pH升高或降低均会使土壤对BDE-47的吸附能力提高,且在碱性环境中提高的程度更大;酸性或碱性条件下BDE-47在土壤中的解吸滞后性显著增强。温度降低后,土壤对BDE-47的吸附能力提高,5℃时的单点分配系数(Kd,表征土壤对BDE-47的吸附能力)是25℃时的1.03~1.67倍;温度由25℃降低到5℃后,BDE-47在土壤中的解吸滞后性增强。     

Pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics in livestock manure and manure-amended soils in Jiangsu province,China

The aim of this study was to investigate the pollution characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil of livestock farms in Jiangsu province. This investigation employed solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 53 manure and 50 amended soil samples from 16 livestock farms in Jiangsu province were collected for analysis. In the manure samples, the highest detected frequencies and concentrations were those of tetracyclines (TCs, 54.1 ± 5775.6 μgkg^?1), followed by fluoroquinolones (FQs, 8.4 ± 435.6 μgkg^?1), sulphonamides (SAs, 3.2 ± 5.2 μgkg^?1) and macrolides (MACs, 0.4 ± 110.5 μgkg^?1). Statistical analysis was used to illuminate the pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics for various animal types and different regions in Jiangsu province. The results showed that the pollution level in cow manure was relatively lower compared with pig and chicken manure due to the relative restriction of medication. Furthermore, contamination was serious in amended soil from chicken farms. The pollution level in manure among different regions was higher to the south and north compared with the centre of the region. The same outcome was found for soil. Antibiotic residues in organic fertilizer were also investigated in this study. We found that although the detected concentration was lower in organic fertilizer than in fresh manure, detection frequencies (10–90%) were high, especially for roxithromycin (90%) in MACs (30–90%). This finding suggests attention should be paid to the pollution levels in organic fertilizer. This study is the first extensive investigation of the occurrence and distribution of many kinds of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil from livestock farms of Jiangsu province. This investigation systematically assesses veterinary antibiotics usage and related emissions in southeast China.     

上海与伦敦城市绿地的生态功能及管理对策比较研究

在资料收集及实地采样调查的基础上 ,文章对上海与伦敦城市绿地的生态功能及管理对策进行了比较分析 ,指出了上海城市绿地建设及管理中的一些优点及不足之处。     

海面浮油的生物处理技术

文章就海面浮油的产生、危害、发展趋势以及防治技术进行了论述,在海面浮油处理的物理、化学、生物技术中,生物技术具有高效、低费用、无二次污染等优点。特别是处理较薄油膜或化学药品使用受限时,更有其无可替代的优点。同时还指出了生物技术的局限性。     

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic inactivation of bacteriophage f2 by Cu-TiO2 nanofibers in the presence of humic acid

Pathogenic viruses in drinking water are great threats to public health. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is a promising technology for virus inactivation. However, the existing photocatalytic antiviral research studies have mostly been carried out in single-component systems, neglecting the effect of natural organic matter, which exists widely in actual water bodies. In this paper, electrospun Cu-TiO₂ nanofibers were prepared as photocatalysts, and their photocatalytic antiviral performance in the presence of humic acid (HA) was comprehensively studied for the first time. The properties of the reaction mixture were measured during the reaction. In addition, the safety, reliability and stability of photocatalytic disinfection in the mixed system were evaluated. The results showed that the virus removal efficiency decreased with the increase of the HA concentration. The type of reaction solution, such as PBS buffer solution or water, did not affect the removal efficiency noticeably. Under acidic conditions, the electrostatic forces between photocatalysts and viruses were strengthened, leading to higher virus removal efficiency. As the reaction time went on, the pH value in the solution increased first and then tended to be stable, the conductivity remained stable, and the dissolved oxygen increased first and then decreased. The safety test showed that the concentration of Cu ions released into the solution was lower than specified by the international standards. No photoreactivation was observed, and the addition of HA significantly reduced the reutilization efficiency of the photocatalysts.     

北江中上游地表水和沉积物中PAHs和PCBs污染特征和风险评估

采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）测定了北江中上游流域地表水和沉积物样品中多环芳烃（PAHs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）类污染物的含量,分析了PAHs和PCBs的污染水平和空间分布,并评估了污染物的健康风险和生态风险.结果表明,16种PAHs单体在所有水样和沉积物样品中均被检出,检出范围分别为41.82~443.04 ng·L^-1和59.58~635.73 ng·g^-1,北江中上游PAHs的污染水平为中、轻度.水中PAHs以二环芳烃和三环芳烃为主,沉积物中以三环芳烃和四环芳烃为主.在水样中检出了17种PCBs,浓度范围0.81~287.50 ng·L^-1,以六氯联苯和七氯联苯为主;沉积物中检出了8种PCBs,含量范围0.13~3.96 ng·g^-1,以五氯联苯和七氯联苯为主.整个调查区域内地表水中PAHs和PCBs的终生致癌风险指数小于10^-4,处于中、低水平;非致癌风险指数均小于1,不存在非致癌风险.采用风险商值（RQ）法对地表水中污染物进行生态风险评价,研究区域内地表水中PAHs和PCBs生态风险总体处于中低风险水平,个别点位存在重度风险的污染物单体,值得引起重视.采用沉积物质量基准法（SQGs）对沉积物中污染物进行生态风险评估,沉积物中PAHs和PCBs均处于较低的生态风险水平.     

混合重金属对硝化颗粒污泥毒性作用的析因实验研究

分别测定了Cu2 、Zn2 和Cd2 对硝化颗粒污泥的单一毒性,采用析因实验研究了二元和三元重金属混合体系对硝化颗粒污泥的联合毒性.结果表明,Cu2 、Zn2 和Cd2 的2 h半抑制浓度EC50分别为95.23、62.11和12.48 mg/L,由析因实验所得的响应曲面模型具有较好的优度(其R2＞0.95),能够对混合体系的联合毒性很好地进行预测,析因实验可以用于环境领域混合体系联合毒性的研究.     

黄土丘陵沟壑区生态风险空间识别及开发利用权衡——以兰州市为例

基于社会经济发展与土地资源利用管理、生态环境保护之间矛盾的现实需求,以兰州市为例,通过区域开发生态风险传递过程分析,构建黄土丘陵沟壑区区域开发生态风险评价框架,结合自然生态风险、开发生态风险和生态重要性,定量评价黄土丘陵沟壑区开发利用综合生态风险并识别其空间分布特征,最后结合丘陵地区建设用地适宜性,权衡黄土丘陵沟壑等未利用地的开发与生态环境保护.结果表明:兰州市综合生态风险以中、低等级为主;兰州市二类未利用地占比最大,为51.67%;一类未利用地在海拔相对较低的皋兰县北部、永登县庄浪河以东集中分布,占总面积的37.45%.权衡兰州市综合生态风险与未利用地开发适宜性,一、二类用地的综合生态风险以1级低风险为主.其中,一类用地集中连片度高,坡度、海拔等自然本底相对较好,是未来未利用地综合开发建设优先选择区域;二类用地因自然地理条件的限制,开发难度大,开发成本高,可以作为后备土地开发资源选择性开发.