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11.
Rohana Chandrajith Shanika Nanayakkara Kozuyoshi Itai T. N. C. Aturaliya C. B. Dissanayake Thilak Abeysekera Kouji Harada Takao Watanabe Akio Koizumi 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(3):267-278
The increase in the number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients from the north central region of Sri Lanka has become
a environmental health issue of national concern. Unlike in other countries where long-standing diabetes and hypertension
are the leading causes of renal diseases, the majority of CKD patients from this part of Sri Lanka do not show any identifiable
cause. As the disease is restricted to a remarkably specific geographical terrain, particularly in the north central dry zone
of the country, multidisciplinary in-depth research studies are required to identify possible etiologies and risk factors.
During this study, population screening in the prevalent region and outside the region, analysis of geoenvironmental and biochemical
samples were carried out. Population screening that was carried out using a multistage sampling technique indicated that the
point prevalence of CKD with uncertain etiology is about 2–3% among those above 18 years of age. Drinking water collected
from high-prevalent and non-endemic regions was analyzed for their trace and ultratrace element contents, including the nephrotoxic
heavy metals Cd and U using ICP-MS. The results indicate that the affected regions contain moderate to high levels of fluoride.
The Cd contents in drinking water, rice from affected regions and urine from symptomatic and non-symptomatic patients were
much lower indicating that Cd is not a contributing factor for CKD with uncertain etiology in Sri Lanka. Although no single
geochemical parameter could be clearly and directly related to the CKD etiology on the basis of the elements determined during
this study, it is very likely that the unique hydrogeochemistry of the drinking water is closely associated with the incidence
of the disease. 相似文献
12.
Anna Kärrman Kouji H. Harada Kayoko Inoue Takumi Takasuga Etsumasa Ohi Akio Koizumi 《Environment international》2009,35(4):712-717
Daily dietary intake of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) in relation to serum levels was assessed by determination of nine PFCs including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in matched daily diet duplicates and serum samples. Diet and serum were collected in year 2004 from 20 women in Osaka and Miyagi, Japan. Only PFOS and PFOA were detected in the diet samples and no significant difference between cities was seen. After adjusted by water content, diet concentration of PFOA was significantly higher in Osaka. The median daily intake calculated using the measured diet concentrations was 1.47 ng PFOS/kg b.w. and 1.28 ng PFOA/kg b.w. for Osaka, and 1.08 ng PFOS/kg b.w. and 0.72 ng PFOA/kg b.w. for Miyagi. A significant difference between cities was seen for the serum concentrations with median of 31 ng/mL PFOS and PFOA in Osaka, compared to 14 ng/mL PFOS and 4.6 ng/mL PFOA in Miyagi. Carboxylates such as perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) were also detected in serum at median levels 6.9 ng/mL and 3.2 ng/mL (Osaka), and 2.8 ng/mL and 5.1 ng/mL (Miyagi). Based on one-compartment model under steady state, dietary intake of PFOS and PFOA accounted for only 22.4% and 23.7% of serum levels in Osaka females, and in contrast 92.5% and 110.6% in Miyagi females, respectively. 相似文献
13.
Tomoko Yoshiki Banri Yamanoha Tomohiko Kikuchi Akio Shimizu Tatsuki Toda 《Marine Biology》2009,156(2):97-106
The effect of hydrostatic pressure on embryonic development of the calanoid copepod Calanus sinicus was studied. Differences of pressure effect among blastomere stages, 1-cell, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell, blastula and
limb-bud stage, were examined under two pressurizing conditions, abruptly (10 atm/min) and gradually (0.1 atm/min) increasing.
Egg hatching success, deformity frequency and apoptotic cell degradation of hatched nauplii were examined. Egg hatching success
rate was not significantly different between blastomere stages, and also between pressurizing conditions. Deformity frequencies
of hatched nauplii were low in the early 1-cell and 2-cell stages, and high in the later blastula and limb-bud stages, in
both abrupt and gradual pressurizing conditions. On the other hand, in regard to difference in pressurizing conditions, deformity
frequency in gradual pressurizing was significantly higher than that in abrupt pressurizing rate. Gradual pressure increase
seems to be more harmful to C. sinicus eggs than abrupt pressure change. Apoptosis induced in nauplii by hydrostatic pressure was detected for the first time in
marine zooplankton. The embryos of C. sinicus are sensitive to pressure variations, that is, these embryos are supposed to sink to deeper waters, incurring greater risk
of having deformities. In the field, C. sinicus ascend to the surface and spawn at night. By looking from this upward behavior, eggs are spawned at lower pressure and warmer
temperature. Probably, the harmless low pressure and warm temperature lead eggs to hatch early and to recruit successfully. 相似文献
14.
15.
Tomoko Yoshiki Banri Yamanoha Tomohiko Kikuchi Akio Shimizu Tatsuki Toda 《Marine Biology》2008,156(2):97-106
The effect of hydrostatic pressure on embryonic development of the calanoid copepod Calanus sinicus was studied. Differences of pressure effect among blastomere stages, 1-cell, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell, blastula and limb-bud stage, were examined under two pressurizing conditions, abruptly (10 atm/min) and gradually (0.1 atm/min) increasing. Egg hatching success, deformity frequency and apoptotic cell degradation of hatched nauplii were examined. Egg hatching success rate was not significantly different between blastomere stages, and also between pressurizing conditions. Deformity frequencies of hatched nauplii were low in the early 1-cell and 2-cell stages, and high in the later blastula and limb-bud stages, in both abrupt and gradual pressurizing conditions. On the other hand, in regard to difference in pressurizing conditions, deformity frequency in gradual pressurizing was significantly higher than that in abrupt pressurizing rate. Gradual pressure increase seems to be more harmful to C. sinicus eggs than abrupt pressure change. Apoptosis induced in nauplii by hydrostatic pressure was detected for the first time in marine zooplankton. The embryos of C. sinicus are sensitive to pressure variations, that is, these embryos are supposed to sink to deeper waters, incurring greater risk of having deformities. In the field, C. sinicus ascend to the surface and spawn at night. By looking from this upward behavior, eggs are spawned at lower pressure and warmer temperature. Probably, the harmless low pressure and warm temperature lead eggs to hatch early and to recruit successfully. 相似文献
16.
Akio Kamimura Eisuke Konno Shigehiro Yamamoto Takeru Watanabe Kazuo Yamada Fumiaki Tomonaga 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(2):133-137
The synthesis of recycled plastics from recovered monomeric materials obtained from the depolymerization reaction of fiber-reinforced
plastics (FRP) was examined. The depolymerization reaction of FRP in the presence of N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) smoothly yielded the corresponding monomers, which mainly consisted of dimethyl phthalates.
The polymerization reaction with this monomer failed to form the corresponding unsaturated polyesters due to contamination
by N-methyl-4-pyridone, a decomposition product of DMAP. An efficient purification of the recovered monomer was achieved by washing
with water, and the purified monomer successfully yielded the corresponding polymers. A hardness test revealed that the polymers
were as hard as the polyester made from virgin materials. The present modification provides a practical method for the preparation
of recycled plastics from depolymerized plastics. 相似文献
17.
Levels and profiles of long-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids in human breast milk and infant formulas in East Asia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this study, 90 human breast milk samples collected from Japan, Korea, and China were analyzed for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (C8), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (C9), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (C10), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) (C11), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA) (C12), and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) (C13). In addition, infant formulas (n = 9) obtained from retail stores in China and Japan were analyzed. PFOA was the predominant compound and was detected in more than 60% of samples in all three countries. The PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, and PFUnDA levels in Japan were significantly higher than those in Korea and China (p < 0.05). The PFTrDA level was highest in Korea (p < 0.05). The median PFOA concentrations were 89 pg mL−1 (48% of total perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) (C8-C13)) in Japan, 62 pg mL−1 (54%) in Korea, and 51 pg mL−1 (61%) in China. The remaining ∑PFCAs (C9-C13) were 95 pg mL−1 in Japan, 52 pg mL−1 in Korea, and 33 pg mL−1 in China. Among the long-chain PFCAs, odd-numbered PFCAs were more frequently detected than even-numbered PFCAs, except for PFDA in Japan. There were no evident correlations between the mother’s demographic factors and the PFCA concentrations. PFOA, PFNA, and PFDA were frequently detected in both Japan and China, but there were no significant differences between the two countries. The total PFCA concentrations in the infant formulas were lower than those in the breast milk samples in Japan (p < 0.05), but not in China (p > 0.05). In conclusion, various PFCAs were detected in human breast milk samples from East Asian countries. 相似文献
18.
Kei Sato Akinori Takami Tasuku Isozaki Toshihide Hikida Akio Shimono Takashi Imamura 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(8):1080-1087
From measurements by an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS), secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed in laboratory chambers is believed to be less oxidized than well-oxidized ambient organic aerosol (OA). However, the mass spectrum of SOA formed from the photo-oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons has not been sufficiently studied by using AMS though these reactions are potential sources of urban SOA. In this study, we studied SOA formed from the photo-oxidation of seven aromatic hydrocarbons by using Time-of-Flight AMS. Strong mass signals from SOA were found at m/z 43 (m43) and 44 (m44) in all the experiments. The m44 to total organic aerosol mass ratio (m44/OA) increased with irradiation time. For example, the m44/OA ratio increased from 10.6% to 13.3% during irradiation for 11 h in an experiment with toluene. The average m44/OA ratios were determined to be 5.8–17.1% for all the experiments. The m44/OA decreased and the m43/OA increased with increasing number of alkyl substituents of precursor aromatic hydrocarbons. This is because low-reactive ketones are preferentially produced rather than aldehydes with increasing number of alkyl substituents. The m44/OA ratios of the benzene and monoalkylbenzene oxidation were 12.2–17.1% and were close to those of well-oxidized ambient OA. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the photo-oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons is a potential source of urban SOA. In addition to oxygenated organic compounds, organic nitrogen oxides were also shown to be present in SOA by high-resolution mass spectra. 相似文献
19.
Matsumoto Hiroshi Akinari Yugo Kaiso Kouji Kamimura Akio 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(1):326-331
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Polyamide 66 was efficiently depolymerized and chemically converted by treatment with supercritical MeOH in the presence of glycolic acid. The... 相似文献
20.
Volatile components in mussels were isolated by freeze vacuum distillation and over 100 components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Phenylalkanes were newly detected. Several halogenated compounds were observed. 相似文献