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171.
Julio César Marín Leal Stanislas Dubois Francis Orvain Robert Galois Jean-Louis Blin Michel Ropert Marie-Paule Bataillé Alain Ourry Sébastien Lefebvre 《Marine Biology》2008,153(4):673-688
Food sources for cultivated marine bivalves generally are not well identified, although they are essential for a better understanding
of coastal ecosystems and for the sustainability of shellfish farming activities. In addition to phytoplankton, other organic
matter sources (OMS), such as microphytobenthos and detritus (of terrestrial or marine origins), can contribute significantly
to the growth of marine bivalves. The aim of this study was to identify the potential food sources and to estimate their contributions
to the growth of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in two contrasting trophic environments of Normandy (France): the Baie des Veys (BDV) and the Lingreville area (LIN). Two
sites were studied in the BDV area (BDV-S and BDV-N) and one in the LIN area. To estimate the contribution of each type of
OMS, we used a combination of stable natural isotope composition (δ13C, δ15N) analysis of OMS and oyster tissue together with a modelling exercise. Field sampling was conducted every 2 months over
1 year. The sampled sources were suspended particulate organic matter from marine (PhyOM) and terrestrial (TOM) origins, microphytobenthos
(MPB), detrital organic matter from the superficial sediment (SOM), and macroalgae (Ulva sp., ULV). A statistical mixing model coupled to a bioenergetic model was used to calculate the contributions of each different
source at different seasons. Results showed that isotopic composition of the animal flesh varied with respect to the potential
OMS over the year within each ecosystem. Significant differences were also observed among the three locations. For instance,
the δ13C and δ15N values of the oysters ranged from −20.0 to −19.1‰ and from 6.9 to 10.8‰ at BDV-S, from −19.4 to −18.1‰ and from 6.4 to 10.0‰
at BDV-N, and from −21.8 to −19.4‰ and from 6.3 to 8.3‰ at LIN. The contributions of the different sources to oyster growth
differed depending on the ecosystem and on the period of the year. Phytoplankton (PhyOM) predominated as the principal food
source for oysters (particularly in the LIN location). MPB, TOM, and ULV detritus also possibly contributed to oysters’ diet
during summer and autumn at the BDV-S and BDV-N sites. SOM was not considered an OMS because it was already a mix of the other
four OMS, but rather a trophic reservoir that potentially mirrored the trophic functioning of marine ecosystems. 相似文献
172.
Xim Cerdá Elena Angulo Raphaël Boulay Alain Lenoir 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(4):551-562
In social insects, the decision to exploit a food source is made both at the individual (e.g., a worker collecting a food
item) and colony level (e.g., several workers communicating the existence of a food patch). In group recruitment, the recruiter
lays a temporary chemical trail while returning from the food source to the nest and returns to the food guiding a small group
of nestmates. We studied how food characteristics influence the decision-making process of workers changing from individual
retrieving to group recruitment in the gypsy ant Aphaenogaster senilis. We offered field colonies three types of prey: crickets (cooperatively transportable), shrimps (non-transportable), and
different quantities of sesame seeds (individually transportable). Colonies used group recruitment to collect crickets and
shrimps, as well as seeds when they were available in large piles, while small seed piles rarely led to recruitment. Foragers
were able to “measure” food characteristics (quality, quantity, transportability), deciding whether or not to recruit, accordingly.
Social integration of individual information about food emerged as a colony decision to initiate or to continue recruitment
when the food patch was rich. In addition, group recruitment allowed a fast colony response over a wide thermal range (up
to 45°C ground temperature). Therefore, by combining both advantages of social foraging (group recruitment) and thermal tolerance,
A. senilis accurately exploited different types of food sources which procured an advantage against mass-recruiting and behaviorally
dominant species such as Tapinoma nigerrimum and Lasius niger. 相似文献
173.
Daniele Gaëlle Fieu Maëva Joachim Sandrine Bado-Nilles Anne Beaudouin Rémy Baudoin Patrick James-Casas Alice Andres Sandrine Bonnard Marc Bonnard Isabelle Geffard Alain Vulliet Emmanuelle 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):16893-16904
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aims of this work are to develop suitable analytical methods to determine the widely used anticonvulsant carbamazepine and 12 of its... 相似文献
174.
Adriana Wigh Alain Devaux Vanessa Brosselin Adriana Gonzalez-Ospina Bruno Domenjoud Selim Aït-Aïssa Nicolas Creusot Antoine Gosset Christine Bazin Sylvie Bony 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(4):3008-3017
A mixture of urban and hospital effluents (50 % v/v) was evaluated for ecotoxicity with an advanced bioassay battery. Mixed effluents were tested before any treatment, after biological treatment alone, and after biological treatment followed by a tertiary ozonation (15 mg O3/L). Laying a high value on the continuance of organisms’ fitness, essential to preserve a healthy receiving ecosystem, the main objective of this study was to combine normalized bioassays with newly developed in vivo and in vitro tests in order to assess alteration of embryo development, growth and reproduction, as well as genotoxic effects in aquatic organisms exposed to complex wastewater effluents. Comparison of the bioassays sensitivity was considered. Contrary to the lack of toxicity observed with normalized ecotoxicity tests, endpoints measured on zebrafish embryos such as developmental abnormalities and genotoxicity demonstrated a residual toxicity in wastewater both after a biological treatment followed or not by a tertiary O3 treatment. However, the ozonation step allowed to alleviate the residual endocrine disrupting potential measure in the biologically treated effluent. This study shows that normalized bioassays are not sensitive enough for the ecotoxicological evaluation of wastewaters and that there is a great need for the development of suitable sensitive bioassays in order to characterize properly the possible residual toxicity of treated effluents. 相似文献
175.
Antignac JP Cariou R Zalko D Berrebi A Cravedi JP Maume D Marchand P Monteau F Riu A Andre F Le Bizec B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):164-173
In the frame of a French monitoring program, tri- to deca- polybromodiphenylethers (PBDE) have been measured in maternal and cord serum, adipose tissue, and breast milk samples, collected from 93 volunteer women during caesarean deliveries. The seven major tri- to heptaBDE (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183) were detected in adipose tissue and breast milk with cumulated median values of 2.59 and 2.51 ng g−1 l w. Nine highly brominated octa- to decaBDE (BDE-196, 197, 201, 202, 203, 206, 207, 208 and 209) was performed in the same samples, with cumulated median values of 2.73 and 3.39 ng g−1 l w in adipose tissue and breast milk, respectively. At this opposite, median levels of octa- to decaBDE in maternal and cord serum appeared significantly higher than the levels of tri- to heptaBDE in the same matrices, i.e. 8.85 and 12.34 versus 0.98 and 0.69 ng g−1 l w, respectively. 相似文献
176.
Dissolved organic matter from treated effluent of a major wastewater treatment plant: characterization and influence on copper toxicity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pernet-Coudrier B Clouzot L Varrault G Tusseau-Vuillemin MH Verger A Mouchel JM 《Chemosphere》2008,73(4):593-599
A combination of reverse osmosis (RO) concentration and DAX-8/XAD-4 resin adsorption techniques is used to isolate the various constituents of urban dissolved organic matter (DOM) from inorganic salts. Three fractions: hydrophobic (HPO), transphilic (TPI) and hydrophilic (HPI) accounting respectively for 35%, 20% and 45% of extracted carbon, are isolated from effluents of a major French wastewater treatment plant. This atypical DOC distribution, in comparison with natural water where the HPO fraction dominates, shows the significance of HPI fraction which often gets neglected because of extraction difficulties. A number of analytical techniques (elemental, spectroscopic: UV, FTIR) allow highlighting the weak aromaticity of wastewater effluent DOM (EfOM) due to fewer degradation and condensation processes and the strong presence of proteinaceous structures indicative of intense microbial activity. Copper toxicity in the presence of DOM is estimated using an acute toxicity test on Daphnia Magna (Strauss). Results reveal the similar protective role of each EfOM fraction compared to reference Suwannee river fulvic acid despite lower EfOM aromaticity (i.e. specific UV absorbance). The environmental implications of these results are discussed with respect to the development of site-specific water quality criteria. 相似文献
177.
178.
Quantifying a relative abundance distribution based on thesampling of a set of species is a widespread problem in ecology.A number of diversity indices have been proposed and used in numerous works in spite of a lack of statistical characteristics and tests of comparison. The relative abundancedistribution can also be described using rank-frequency diagrams but fitting these diagrams to mathematical models such as the Zipf-Mandelbrot model remains problematic. Strong correlation between the Zipf-Mandelbrot model parameters prevent their estimation by optimization algorithm. In light of this, new indices of sampled communities are introduced here. These indices are two linear regression slopes estimated from rank-frequency diagrams. The numerous statistical studies that have been carried out on linear regression models are used to compare sampled communities. These new indices possesscharacteristic properties with an ecological meaning.Correlations between these indices, the Zipf-Mandelbrot modelparameters and an evenness diversity index are examined. Anecological application is made using entomological data as anexample. This example consists of a transect from the edge of apond to a dry forest along which 60,000 insects were sampledfrom six different sampling stations. Using the new indicesdescribed here, station C, located at the edge of that areasubject to influence from the pond, is differentiated from theother stations. This station would seem to present the lowestdegree of niche diversity and the lowest evenness, and recent observations confirm the deterioration of this station. 相似文献
179.
Frédéric Babonneau Alain Haurie Richard Loulou Marc Vielle 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2012,17(1-2):51-76
In this paper, we explore the impact of several sources of uncertainties on the assessment of energy and climate policies when one uses in a harmonized way stochastic programming in a large-scale bottom-up (BU) model and Monte Carlo simulation in a large-scale top-down (TD) model. The BU model we use is the TIMES Integrated Assessment Model, which is run in a stochastic programming version to provide a hedging emission policy to cope with the uncertainty characterizing climate sensitivity. The TD model we use is the computable general equilibrium model GEMINI-E3. Through Monte Carlo simulations of randomly generated uncertain parameter values, one provides a stochastic micro- and macro-economic analysis. Through statistical analysis of the simulation results, we analyse the impact of the uncertainties on the policy assessment. 相似文献
180.
Alain Billionnet 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2016,21(2):211-219
It is generally accepted that for many species, the ability to get around a reserve promotes their long-term persistence. Here, we measure the ease with which species can move by two spatial criteria: (i) the connectivity of the reserve, that is to say, the possibility to go through the whole reserve without leaving it, and (ii) the compactness of the reserve, that is to say, the remoteness of the sites in relation to each other, the distance between two sites being measured by the shortest distance to travel to get from one site to another without leaving the reserve. To protect the reserve of external disturbances, we also impose a connectivity constraint for the area outside the reserve. This article presents a method based on integer linear programming to define connected and compact reserves. Computational experiments carried out on artificial instances with 400 sites and 100 species are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach. 相似文献