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131.
Vânia Martins Carolina Correi Inês Cunha-Lopes Tiago Fari Evangelia Diapouli Manousos Ioannis Manousakas Konstantinos Eleftheriadis Susana Marta Almeida 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(2):51-61
Traffic is a main source of air pollutants in urban areas and consequently daily peak exposures tend to occur during commuting. Personal exposure to particulate matter (PM) was monitored while cycling and travelling by bus, car and metro along an assigned route in Lisbon (Portugal), focusing on PM2.5 and PM10 (PM with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 and 10 µm, respectively) mass concentrations and their chemical composition. In vehicles, the indoor-outdoor interplay was also evaluated. The PM2.5 mean concentrations were 28?±?5, 31?±?9, 34?±?9 and 38?±?21?µg/m3 for bus, bicycle, car and metro modes, respectively. Black carbon concentrations when travelling by car were 1.4 to 2.0 times higher than in the other transport modes due to the closer proximity to exhaust emissions. There are marked differences in PM chemical composition depending on transport mode. In particular, Fe was the most abundant component of metro PM, derived from abrasion of rail-wheel-brake interfaces. Enhanced concentrations of Zn and Cu in cars and buses were related with brake and tyre wear particles, which can penetrate into the vehicles. In the motorised transport modes, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni and K were correlated, evidencing their common traffic-related source. On average, the highest inhaled dose of PM2.5 was observed while cycling (55 µg), and the lowest in car travels (17 µg). Cyclists inhaled higher doses of PM2.5 due to both higher inhalation rates and longer journey times, with a clear enrichment in mineral elements. The presented results evidence the importance of considering the transport mode in exposure assessment studies. 相似文献
132.
R. S. C. Coimbra M. S. Mascarenhas V. B. Saraiva C. R. Santos R. M. Lopes R. A. Hauser-Davis V. P. S. Oliveira M. M. Molisani M. G. Almeida C. E. Rezende C. E. V. Carvalho M. M. Oliveira 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(9):564
Tropical coastal lagoons are highly productive environments exhibiting high biodiversity. However, the use of these ecosystems by local communities is of concern, since this generally leads to environmental degradation. The Imboassica coastal lagoon, located in Macaé city, in Northern Rio de Janeiro, is an important ecosystem in the state, however, already displaying signs of anthropogenic impacts. Carnivorous fish Hoplias malabaricus specimens were sampled from this impacted site, as well as from a reference area. Fish from Imboassica Lagoon presented lower condition factor, lower cholinesterase activity, and higher percentage of erythrocyte micronuclei when compared to fish from the reference site. Metals in fish from Imboassica Lagoon were always higher than Encantada Lagoon, with some seasonal differences, where some metals were higher in the rainy season compared to the dry season in muscle tissue, with the exception of Cu, Fe, Sr, and Zn; and in the liver, except for Ba, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Sr. Cr and Mn in the edible muscle portion of the fish were higher than the limits established by Brazilian and International legislations as permissible for human consumption, thus leading to concerns regarding public health risks for the local population that use fish as their main protein source. 相似文献
133.
Oliveira Janaína de Moura Madari Beata Emoke Carvalho Márcia Thaís de Melo Assis Paula Camylla Ramos Silveira André Luiz Rodrigues de Leles Lima Mateus Wruck Flávio Jesus Medeiros João Carlos Machado Pedro Luiz Oliveira de Almeida 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(1):105-116
Regional Environmental Change - Integrated farming systems (IS) are one of the main strategies of the Brazilian government to reduce or compensate for carbon emissions from agriculture with... 相似文献
134.
Gerold Gerhard Couto Eduardo Guimarães Madari Beata Emoke Jungkunst Hermann F. Amorim Ricardo Silva Santos Hohnwald Stefan Klingler Michael de Almeida Machado Pedro Luiz Oliveira Schönenberg Regine Nendel Claas 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(1):1-9
Regional Environmental Change - 相似文献
135.
136.
Gevaldo L. de Almeida Luiz C. G. Pimentel Renato M. Cotta 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2008,13(1):53-65
A transient two-dimensional advection–diffusion model describing the turbulent dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere
has been solved via the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT), by two different schemes. The first approach performs
numerical integration of the transformed system using available routines for initial value problems with automatic error control.
In spite of the time-consuming character of such a scheme, its flexibility allows the handling of problems involving time-dependent
meteorological parameters such as wind speed and eddy diffusivities. The second approach works fully analytically being thus
intrinsically more robust and economic, although not directly applicable in dealing with time-dependent parameters. For the
test problem used in this work, both methods agree very well with each other, as well as with a known analytical solution
for a simpler formulation used as benchmark. The impact of the longitudinal diffusivity on the stiffness of the ordinary differential
equation (ODE) system arising from the integral transformation has been assessed through the processing time demanded to solve
it when the numerical approach is used. The observed CPU times show that the analytical approach is clearly preferable unless
the problem involves time-dependent parameters. 相似文献
137.
Juliana Carla Garcia Thábata Karoliny Formicoly de Souza Freitas Soraya Moreno Palácio Elizangela Ambrósio Maísa Tatiane Ferreira Souza Lídia Brizola Santos Vitor de Cinque Almeida Nilson Evelázio de Souza 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(3):2179-2187
Textile industry wastes raise a great concern due to their strong coloration and toxicity. The objective of the present work was to characterize the degradation and mineralization of textile effluents by advanced oxidative processes using either TiO2 or TiO2/H2O2 and to monitor the toxicity of the products formed during 6-h irradiation in relation to that of the in natura effluent. The results demonstrated that the TiO2/H2O2 association was more efficient in the mineralization of textile effluents than TiO2, with high mineralized ion concentrations (NH 4 + , NO 3 ? , and SO 4 2? ) and significantly decreased organic matter ratios (represented by the chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon). The toxicity of the degradation products after 4-h irradiation to Artemia salina L. was not significant (below 10 %). However, the TiO2/H2O2 association produced more toxicity under irradiation than the TiO2 system, which was attributed to the increased presence of oxidants in the first group. Comparatively, the photogenerated products of both TiO2 and the TiO2/H2O2 association were less toxic than the in natura effluent. 相似文献
138.
Benincá C Ramsdorf W Vicari T de Oliveira Ribeiro CA de Almeida MI Silva de Assis HC Cestari MM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(4):2045-2056
Biological monitoring through animals exposed to pollutants using biomarkers provides a promising tool for the identification
of pollutants that may cause damage to human health and/or to sustainability of ecosystems. The effects of pollutants in fish
tissues are important tools to understand the impact of human activities in natural ecosystems. The aim of this work was to
study the water quality of two estuarine lakes in Santa Catarina, Brazil (Camacho Lake and Santa Marta Lake). Geophagus brasiliensis is a species widely distributed in Brazil and was used in this work. Comet assays in peripheral red blood and kidney cells,
micronucleus tests in peripheral red blood cells, measurements of acetylcholinesterase activity in axial muscle and histopathological
analysis of liver were used as biomarkers. Three sampling campaigns were undertaken in November 2004, June 2005 and November
2005. Thirty adult animals were sampled from each of three different sites (P1—Santa Marta Lake, P2 and P3—Camacho Lake).
A negative control was sampled in a non-polluted site at Costa Ecological Park, Paraná. The positive control for genotoxicity
was obtained by treating animals with copper sulphate. The results showed that both studied lakes are impacted by potential
genotoxic substances. Severe lesions in liver of G. brasiliensis were also observed. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity suggests the presence of pesticides or metals in the
studied sites. This work shows that the water quality of Santa Marta and Camacho Lakes have been compromised and further control
source of pollutants into these ecosystems is required. 相似文献
139.
Pinho Sílvia C. Ribeiro Cristiana Ferraz Conceição A. Almeida Manuel F. 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(4):1456-1465
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The ammoniacal leaching has been considered very selective for copper compared with other leaching systems; however, there are interactions with... 相似文献
140.
Correia Felipo Obed Almeida Tarcísio Silva Garcia Rui Lorenzo Queiroz Antônio Fernando S. Smichowski Patricia da Rocha Gisele Olímpio Araujo Rennan Geovanny O. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(21):21416-21424
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, fast sequential determination and chemical speciation analysis of inorganic arsenic and antimony in airborne particulate matter... 相似文献