Simultaneous Removal of Cationic and Anionic Dyes from Binary Solutions Using Carboxymethyl Chitosan Based IPN Type Resin

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this study, a novel bead form IPN type resin comprising poly (2-Dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate and carboxymethyl chitosan networks with a high dye...     

Experimental determination of dust cloud deflagration parameters of selected hydrogen storage materials: Complex metal hydrides,chemical hydrides,and adsorbents

This paper discusses the results of an experimental program carried out to determine dust cloud deflagration parameters of selected solid-state hydrogen storage materials, including complex metal hydrides (sodium alanate and lithium borohydride/magnesium hydride mixture), chemical hydrides (alane and ammonia borane) and activated carbon (Maxsorb, AX-21). The measured parameters include maximum deflagration pressure rise, maximum rate of pressure rise, minimum ignition temperature, minimum ignition energy and minimum explosible concentration. The calculated explosion indexes include volume-normalized maximum rate of pressure rise (K_St), explosion severity (ES) and ignition sensitivity (IS). The deflagration parameters of Pittsburgh seam coal dust and Lycopodium spores (reference materials) are also measured. The results show that activated carbon is the safest hydrogen storage media among the examined materials. Ammonia borane is unsafe to use because of the high explosibility of its dust. The core insights of this contribution are useful for quantifying the risks associated with use of these materials for on-board systems in light-duty fuel cell-powered vehicles and for supporting the development of hydrogen safety codes and standards. These insights are also critical for designing adequate safety features such as explosion relief venting and isolation devices and for supplementing missing data in materials safety data sheets.     

Experimental and theoretical investigations for mitigating NaAlH4 reactivity risks during postulated accident scenarios involving exposure to air or water

Experimental and theoretical studies were conducted to investigate the pyrophoricity and water-reactivity risks associated with employing sodium alanate (NaAlH₄) complex metal hydride in on-board vehicular hydrogen (H₂) storage systems. The ignition and explosivity of NaAlH₄ upon exposure to oxidizers in air or water were attributed to the spontaneous formation of stable hydroperoxyl intermediates on the NaAlH₄ surface and/or H₂ production, as well as the large driving force for NaAlH₄ conversion to favorable hydroxide products predicted by atomic and thermodynamic modeling. The major products from NaAlH₄ exposure to air: NaAl(OH)₄, gibbsite and bayerite Al(OH)₃, and Na₂CO₃ observed by XRD, were identified to be formed by surface-controlled reactions. The reactivity risks were significantly minimized, without compromising de-/re-hydrogenation cyclability, by compacting NaAlH₄ powder into wafers to reduce the available surface area. These core findings are of significance to risk mitigation and H₂ safety code and standard development for the safe use of NaAlH₄ for on-board H₂ storage in light-duty vehicles.     

RETRACTED:

Jianfeng Li  Sandra M.Y. Lee  Wenmao Liu 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2013,91(3):213-220

CDIO工程教育模式在高职创业教育中的应用研究——以中国环境管理干部学院为例

创业教育现在已成为我国高等职业教育中的重要一环。高职院校往往开设一门创业教育课程,试图通过该课程达到创业教育的目的,课程过分迷信＂说教、讲授＂的力量,而毕业生创业能力并没有得到预期的培养。通过借鉴CDIO工程教育模式,提出了创业教育应该以创业能力为培养目标,参照CDIO模式的12项标准进行模块化课程开发,通过CDIO循环提高学生的创业综合能力。     

Release,Dispersion, and Resuspension of Escherichia coli From Direct Fecal Deposits Under Controlled Flows1

Abstract: Water‐quality standards have been placed on fecal indicator organisms such as Escherichia coli in an attempt to limit the concentrations in water bodies. Cattle can be a significant source of bacteria to water systems, particularly when they are allowed direct access to streams. A flume study was conducted to quantify the effect and understand the transport of E. coli from directly deposited cattle manure. Five steady‐state flows, ranging from 0.00683 to 0.0176 m³/s, were studied and loads from a single cowpie exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s recommended water‐quality standards (235 CFU/100 ml) at each flow over the hour study period. Average E. coli concentrations ranged from 10² to 10⁵ CFU/100 ml over the hour sampling period for all flows. High spatial variations in E. coli concentrations were often seen at each sampling time, with higher concentrations typically at the bottom of the flume. E. coli resuspension was initially greater at 0.5 min after deposition, for the lowest flow (10⁵ CFU/m²/s); however, resuspension rates became similar over time, on the order of 10³ CFU/m²/s. This study demonstrates that the concentrations of E. coli can vary over the water column, and therefore grab samples may inaccurately measure bacteria concentrations and loads in streams. In addition, resuspension rates were often high, so the incorporation of this process into water‐quality models is important for bacteria prediction.     

重铬酸钾法测定炼油废水COD的适用性分析

为了分析0.250 mol/L与0.025 mol/L重铬酸钾法测定炼油催化剂行业高氯废水COD的适用性,进行了比对实验。结果表明：两者测定结果相差60.5～76.8 mg/L;高浓度重铬酸钾法精密性较好, RSD%≤4.8%,准确度较高,与氯气校正法测定结果基本吻合,相对误差≤6%;低浓度的重铬酸钾法精密性相对较差, RSD%≥8.1%,与氯气校正法测定结果相对误差大于40%,准确度低。在控制稀释水样Cl-浓度500～800 mg/L范围时,采用重铬酸钾法测定COD,适宜于高浓度的方法。     

Convergent evolution in the antennae of a cerambycid beetle, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Onychocerus albitarsis,</Emphasis> and the sting of a scorpion

Venom-injecting structures have arisen independently in unrelated arthropods including scorpions, spiders, centipedes, larval owlflies and antlions, and Hymenoptera (wasps, ants, and bees). Most arthropods use venom primarily as an offensive weapon to subdue prey, and only secondarily in defense against enemies. Venom is injected by biting with fangs or stinging with a specialized hypodermic structure used exclusively for the delivery of venom (usually modified terminal abdominal segments). A true sting apparatus, previously known only in scorpions and aculeate wasps, is now known in a third group. We here report the first known case of a cerambycid beetle using its antennae to inject a secretion that causes cutaneous and subcutaneous inflammation in humans. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the terminal antennal segment of Onychocerus albitarsis (Pascoe) has two pores opening into channels leading to the tip through which the secretion is delivered. This is a novel case of convergent evolution: The delivery system is almost identical to that found in the stinger of a deadly buthid scorpion.     

Dancing to different tunes: heterospecific deciphering of the honeybee waggle dance

Although the structure of the dance language is very similar among species of honeybees, communication of the distance component of the message varies both intraspecifically and interspecifically. However, it is not known whether different honeybee species would attend interspecific waggle dances and, if so, whether they can decipher such dances. Using mixed-species colonies of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera, we show that, despite internal differences in the structure of the waggle dances of foragers, both species attend, and act on the information encoded in each other’s waggle dances but with limited accuracy. These observations indicate that direction and distance communication pre-date speciation in honeybees.