液化石油气推广应用的可行性研究

城市交通带来的大气污染问题日趋严重，为解决这一问题，国内外科研人员进行了数十年的开发研究，液化石油替代传统燃料作为机动车动力源已被认为是解决城市机动车尾气污染行之有效的办法，该方法集环保、经济、安全等优点，是未来汽车工业发展的方向。本文针对目前我国城市大气污染现状，分析比较现有防治对策措施，对液化气汽车在国内推广应用的可行性进行了简单阐述。     

微生物法烟气脱硫技术研究

采用微生物（氧化亚铁硫杆菌，简称TF菌）法脱除烟气中的二氧化硫。在相同操作条件下，比较了传统的工业化 方法稀硫酸吸收法（千代田法）与本法的优劣，研究了液气化、二氧化硫浓度、三价铁离子浓度等因素对吸收效率的影响；分析了脱硫反应前后吸收率pH值、三价铁离子浓度的变化。研究结果表明：适宜的液气比（12.5L/Nm^3 以上）、二氧化硫浓度（1000－5000ppm)和三价铁离子浓度（0.6g/L以上）能使该法具有较高（＞98％）的脱硫率。在常温常压操作条件下，微生物法的脱硫率远优于千代田法，具有一定的工业化价值。     

社会最优可持续发展模型的建立与分析

通过对能源、环境、经济和社会发展4者关系的分析，建立了社会可持续发展模型，进而找到了社会最优可持续发展轨迹，为国家或地区社会发展的战略决策提供了可资参考的理论工具，同时进一步深化了可持续发展概念，提出了唯一的社会最优可持续发展概念。     

单甲脒等农药的土壤薄层层析行为

用土壤薄层层析法研究单甲脒，单甲脒盐酸盐、灭幼脲和涕灭威等农药在不同土壤中的迁移行为，分别获得了这几种化合物的Ｒｆ值，它们分别为０．１４、０．１７，０．０８，０．７６，研究表明，单脒，单甲脒盐酸盐和灭幼脲不会污染地下水，而涕灭威则会对地下水污染构成严重的威胁。     

Can photoperiod manipulation affect gonad development of a boreo-arctic echinoid (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) following exposure in the wild after the autumnal equinox?

A laboratory experiment was conducted in the winter of 2003–2004 to assess the effect of varying photoperiod regime on consumption rate, assimilation rate, absorption efficiency, and gonad development of the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Adult individuals were collected from the wild after they had been exposed to the ambient autumn photoperiod cue (which is the extraneous trigger thought to elicit gametogenesis in this species) and placed at ambient temperature for 12 weeks under five different photoperiod regimes: (1) 24 h light:0 h dark=“0D”, (2) 16 h light:8 h dark=“8D”, (3) 8 h light:16 h dark=“16D”, (4) 0 h light:24 h dark=“24D”, and (5) ambient photoperiod (range: 10.50–15.25 h dark). Urchins in these five treatments were fed ad libitum with bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana. A sixth treatment consisted of starved individuals held under 0D conditions. Various gonad factors including gonad index, percent gonad water, gonad colour (CIE lightness or L*, CIE hue or a*, and CIE chroma or b*), percent area occupation of the gonad by various cell types (nutritive phagocytes, spermatozoa, and secondary oocytes/ova), and stage of development were assessed at the beginning of the experiment and at weeks 4, 8, and 12 of the study. Consumption and assimilation rates were assessed at weeks 4 and 12 and absorption efficiency at week 12 of the experiment. Urchins were predominantly in the growing and premature stages at the beginning of the experiment, but by week 4 at least 20% of individuals in all treatments receiving food were classified as mature. Spawning occurred during all these treatments between weeks 4 and 8, as evidenced by significant decreases in spermatozoa and secondary oocytes/ova and a significant decrease in percent gonad water, but was not accompanied by major declines in gonad indices. Greater than 90% of individuals in all five of the fed treatments were in the recovering and growing stages at the end of the experiment. The 16D treatment had by far the greatest percentage of urchins in the growing stage. In contrast, individuals that were starved were predominantly in the mature stage at weeks 4, 8, and 12, with only ~30% reaching the spawning stage by the end of the experiment. Photoperiod significantly affected gonad indices at the termination of the experiment with gonad index being the highest in the 16D treatment; this was significantly greater than in the 8D and ambient treatments. Photoperiod did not significantly affect gonad percent water, gonad lightness, or gonad hue. Gonad chroma was significantly affected by photoperiod, urchins held under ambient conditions having significantly lower b* readings than individuals in any other treatment. Photoperiod had little or no affect on consumption rate, assimilation rate, or absorption efficiency. Thus, differences among treatments in regards to gonad index, gonad chroma, and stage of development cannot be attributed to variations in feeding, absorption, or assimilation. The results of this experiment indicate that once gametogenesis is initiated, photoperiod manipulation cannot prevent ultimate spawning. However, photoperiod regime can affect the rate at which urchins move through the various stages of the gametogenic cycle. Urchins placed on short days under artificial lighting (16D) moved through the spawning stage into recovering and growing stages the fastest. This photoperiod regime also produced the highest gonad index at the end of the experiment. Since the commercial urchin market prefers large gonads in the growing and premature stages (i.e. before the mature stage is reached and gonads start leaking sperm and eggs), short day-lengths under artificial lighting (16D) appear to be the best photoperiod conditions for optimizing marketability.     

人工神经网络在强化一级处理系统过程模拟与优化中的应用

针对化学强化一级处理系统（CEPT）处理废水时影响因素多，难以进行适当的控制和处理效果的预测等问题，建立起基于BP人工神经网络的CEPT法处理猪场稳定塘废水预测模型，并应用该模型对烧杯试验进行了模拟。结果表明，预测值和实测值吻合较好，模型对COD、总磷、浊度去除率预测的平均相对误差分别为7．5％、4．8％和4．9％。通过对pH值和絮凝剂投药量等可控参数进行优化计算，得到CEPT系统的最佳操作条件和最合理操作条件。该模型的建立为CEPT法处理废水工艺系统实现自动化控制提供了一条简便实用的途径。     

Feasibility study of photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue with three-dimensional electrode-photocatalytic reactor

The photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution was investigated with three-dimensional electrode-photocatalytic reactor. It was found that the methylene blue could be degraded more efficiently by photoelectrochemical process than by photocatalytic oxidation or electrochemical oxidation alone. The decolorization efficiency and COD reduction were 95% and 87% for a photoelectrochemical process, respectively, while they were only 78% and 68% for a single electrochemical process and 89% and 71% for a single photochemical process. The TOC reduction of the former also reached as high as about 81% within a reaction time of 30.0 min. And these degradation reactions conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics.     

DDT污染土壤的植物修复技术

本文报道用植草方法研究为DDT及其主要降解产物污染土壤的植物修复技术。在污染物的浓度为 0 .2 15mg/kg的土壤中 ,种植 10种草 3个月后DDT及其主要降解产物的总含量分别降低 19.6 %— 73.0 %。种植不同品种的草对土壤中污染物有不同的去除能力 ,其中以种植丹麦产的Taya草 (Per .ryegrass)与美国产的Titan草 (Tallfescue)为最强。用种植草的方法修复受DDT及其主要降解产物污染的土壤是一项可行的技术。在去除土壤中DDT的作用上 ,草的吸收是轻微的 ,只占原施药量的 0 .13%— 1.0 8% ,土壤中污染物消失的主要因素是土壤中生物降解作用的结果。     

WGH型格栅除污机电控系统设计与应用

针对目前一些污水处理入口处仍然采用人工打捞法或格栅机械仪表控制法而产生的各种故障及作业效率低等原因 ,设计了以MCS 5 1单片机为核心的电控系统设计方案 ,研究建立了相应的算法模式 ,并对其设计误差进行了分析 ,提出了保证设备安全和对事故隐患进行摆脱的方法 ,使用结果表明 ,完全可实现打捞过程自动控制及作业工况远程监控 ,提高了系统的安全可靠性及作业效率。该电控系统在同类设备技术中尚未见公开报道。