Best available techniques (BAT) for the fruit and vegetable processing industry

Best available techniques (BAT) are an important reference point in the environmental permit regulation for industrial installations in the European Union Member States, which have to implement the integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC)-directive (96/61/EC). BAT correspond to the techniques and organisational measures with the best overall environmental performance that can be introduced at a reasonable cost. In the Flanders part of Belgium, BAT are usually determined at the sector level. The ‘Fruit and Vegetable Processing Industry’ [BAT for Fruit and Vegetable Processing Industry. Gent, Belgium: Academia Press, 1999] is one of the industries for which a BAT report has been drafted. In this paper, the main results of this study are presented. Special attention is given to the use of high quality water¹, as this is the key environmental issue of the industry.     

饮用水源保护区生态补偿机制研究

饮用水源保护区对于居民的健康安全,以及区域经济与社会的稳定发展具有十分重要的作用。以饮用水源保护区为研究对象,对于开展生态补偿的相关理论基础进行了系统的梳理,系统分析了补偿机制的构建内容,重点对财政转移支付、征收水资源费、开展优惠信贷、鼓励公益性资金投入等四种生态补偿途径进行了探讨,并从生态效益、生态建设成本、补偿主客体的参与意愿及支付能力等角度对生态补偿额度的测算进行了评述。最后提出实施饮用水源保护区生态补偿工作的具体策略与建议。     

环胶州湾区域土地利用景观格局变化分析及主要问题

以2003年、2009年2期Landsat-TM卫星影像为数据源,建立土地利用数据库以及2003年-2009年土地利用变化转换矩阵,对环胶州湾区域的土地利用景观格局及其动态变化进行了分析。结果表明：2003年-2009年环胶州湾区域的土地利用主导变化过程表现为耕地、养殖区和盐田大幅减少以及城市扩展、城乡基础设施建设和农村居民点扩建。6年来土地利用变化速度很快,年均变化速度达到1.29%。社会经济因素是环湾地区土地利用方式发生改变的直接动因,环湾区域的出口加工区、西海岸出口加工区、高新区胶州湾北部主园区和黄岛区石化基地等区域的发展和兴建,以及一大批重大项目的引进造成该区域土地利用方式发生显著转变。     

胶州湾海域富营养化水平与浮游植物多样性分析

在2011年对胶州湾主要营养盐调查的基础上,采用富营养化指数和生物多样性指数分别对胶州湾水体富营养化状况和浮游植物生境状况进行了分析。结果显示,2010年胶州湾富营养化严重的海域主要集中在胶州湾东北角及北部海域,呈现由北向南逐渐减轻的趋势。从季节变化来看,3月份整个海域富营养化程度最低,10月份富营养化程度最重。胶州湾浮游植物群落主要由硅藻和甲藻组成,胶州湾北部海域生境质量一般,其余海域生境质量优良。     

鞍山市有机氯农药土—气交换研究

通过对鞍山市典型区域(6个污染源、4个居住区、一个对照点)土壤及大气中有机氯农药(organochlorine pesicides,OCPs)的监测,利用逸度及逸度模型的相关概念计算鞍山市有机氯农药类污染物土-气交换的迁移方向及交换通量。OCPs土-气交换现状表明,土壤仍是OCPs主要储存地。各点位检出有机氯农药组分数据为83个,土-气交换通量范围在-28.4~1518 g/(km2·月)之间,其中污染物由空气相向土壤相迁移占比9.6%,其余均呈现由土壤相向空气相迁移;对照点千山只检出两种污染物,通量值只有3.37 g/(km2·月);各点位污染物中,3种六六六(HCHs)交换通量占比最大,占总交换量的43%~95%。     

Aquatic ecological health assessment of Shaying River Basin based on indices of physico-chemistry and aquatic organisms北大核心CSCD

With a variety of ecosystem services, river ecosystem plays an important role in the process of human society development. On the other hand, health condition of most aquatic ecosystems is seriously threatened by human activities. Restoring and maintaining a healthy ecosystem has already become a vital goal of river management. As a basis of river management, river health assessment is therefore particularly important. Based on indices of physics, chemistry and aquatic organisms, this research tried to establish a comprehensive evaluation system of aquatic ecological health suitable for the situation of Shaying River Basin. The system included 6 factors including riparian zone, river morphology, nutrients, oxygen balance, periphyton and benthic macroinvertebrates, which were defined into 19 indices reflecting the aquatic ecological health from different aspects. The assessment results indicated that the health condition of overall basin was normal, varying among different parts of the region, with Shahe River, Lihe River and Beiru River in the upper part sub-healthy, and Jialu River in the same part sub-sick. The middle region was generally in normal or sub-sick level; the health condition of the lower part was comparatively better due to a good condition. Within the indices, the nutrients and benthic macroinvertebrates were the major constraining factors to the health condition of Shaying River Basin for their poor health condition. The health conditions showed significant differences among the rivers (P < 0.01), with Jialu River being the worst. The result indicated that the aquatic ecological health of Shaying River Basin is affected by many factors, with urban and industrial sewage being the main ones, And that different protective measures should be employed for rivers of different conditions. The result can provide theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of Shaying River Basin and reasonable exploitation and conservation of the water resource of the whole Huaihe River Basin.     

污泥预处理对微生物絮凝剂制备及性能的影响

试验研究了不同污泥预处理方法对微生物絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能的影响.结果表明,污泥经碱热预处理后释放的有机物质量最大,SCOD/TCOD可达到0.56.以碱热预处理污泥作为基质制备的微生物絮凝剂,其产量为2.3 g·L-1,高于热预处理的1.6 g·L-1,酸热预处理的0.6 g·L-1,以及未接种污泥絮凝剂的18 mg·L-1.采用响应面分析法对碱热预处理污泥制备的微生物絮凝剂与PAM复配改善污泥脱水的过程进行了优化,实验分别拟合了关于污泥比阻(SRF)和干污泥量(DS)的二次模型,决定系数(R2)分别为0.9057和0.9171,表明拟合情况良好.实验中最佳的污泥脱水条件为微生物絮凝剂投加量12.6 g·kg-1,PAM投加量1.0 g·kg-1,Ca Cl2投加量59.7 mg·L-1,p H值6.7,搅拌速度185r·min-1.在此条件下,DS和SRF分别为29.1%和2.2×1012m·kg-1,表明碱热预处理污泥制备的微生物絮凝剂与PAM的联合使用有助于改善污泥脱水性能.     

Role of nitric oxide in the genotoxic response to chronic microcystin-LR exposure in human-hamster hybrid cells

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most abundant and toxic microcystin congener and has been classified as a potential human carcinogen (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the genotoxic effects of MC-LR during chronic exposure are still poorly understood. In the present study, human-hamster hybrid (A_L) cells were exposed to MC-LR for varying lengths of time to investigate the role of nitrogen radicals in MC-LR-induced genotoxicity. The mutagenic potential at the CD59 locus was more than 2-fold higher (p < 0.01) in A_L cells exposed to a cytotoxic concentration (1 μmol/L) of MC-LR for 30 days than in untreated control cells, which was consistent with the formation of micronucleus. MC-LR caused a dose-dependent increase in nitric oxide (NO) production in treated cells. Moreover, this was blocked by concurrent treatment with the NO synthase inhibitor N^G-methyl-_L-arginine (L-NMMA), which suppressed MC-LRinduced mutations as well. The survival of mitochondrial DNA-depleted (ρ⁰) A_L cells was markedly decreased by MC-LR treatment compared to that in A_L cells, while the CD59 mutant fraction was unaltered. These results provided clear evidence that the genotoxicity associated with chronic MC-LR exposure in mammalian cells was mediated by NO and might be considered as a basis for the development of therapeutics that prevent carcinogenesis.     

SDS-PAGE和HPLC-荧光检测分离鉴定恩施高硒区大豆中含硒蛋白

采用凝胶电泳技术分离恩施高硒地区大豆中的含硒蛋白组分,分辨出２７条蛋白条带。用高效液相色谱－荧光测定对这些条带分别进行硒含量测定并进行空白扣除,发现其中有１３条带含硒。用标准分子量蛋白标定含硒蛋白组分分子量分别为：５８．１－６０．３;５２．５－５３．７;４６．８－５０．１;２９．５－３０．９;２８．８;２５．１－２５．７;２４．３;１９．７－２０．９;１８．４－１８．６;１６．８－１７．９;１６．     

农药单甲脒盐酸盐在棉田生态系统中的残留及持久性研究

单甲脒盐酸盐属低残留非持久性农药。在棉叶中的半衰期为４．４－８．ｌｄ,在土壤中为１１．４—１２．３ｄ。分别以２５％单甲脒盐酸盐水剂的１０、５０、１００、５００、８００、１０００和１５００倍稀释液喷施７—８次,每次间隔约１５ｄ,在棉籽中检测出单甲脒最高残留为０．１７×１０－６。科学合理地施用单甲脒农药,不会对人体健康造成危害。