冷冻固定化硝化菌去除废水中氨氮的研究

采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)循环冷冻法制备固定化硝化菌颗粒,经活化后在颗粒填充率为9％的三相流化床中进行氨氮废水处理试验。处理低浓度氨氮有机废水(NH3-N质量浓度为75mg／L．COD约为400mg／L,水力停留时间为4h)时,NH3-N去除率约为90％,COD、TIN的去除率可达82％和60％左右;处理高浓度氨氮废水(NH3-N质量浓度450～500mg／L,水力停留时间为20h)时,NH3-N去除率在98％以上,氨氧化产物中NO2^--N质量分数在95％以上,为亚硝酸盐反硝化提供了有利条件。用该法制成的硝化菌颗粒寿命在3个月以上。     

Surfer软件在半封闭海湾环境质量综合评价中的应用研究

在介绍Surfer软件的基本原理的基础上,结合2012年胶州湾39个监测点位的水质数据,说明利用Surfer软件制作主要污染物等值线分布图及水质类别分布图的主要步骤,对水质分布类别和点位水质类别的一致性以及其中需注意的问题进行了探讨。利用Surfer软件制作半封闭海域的环境质量专题图件,水质分布情况更为明晰,可以为环境质量综合评价提供有效依据。     

Full-scale study of removal effect on Cyclops of zooplankton with chlorine dioxide

Cyclops of zooplankton propagated excessively in eutrophic water body and could not be effectively inactivated by the conventional disinfections process like chlorination due to its stronger resistance to oxidation. In this paper, a full-scale study of chlorine dioxide preoxidation cooperating with routine clarification process for Cyclops removal was conducted in a waterworks. The experimental results were compared with that of the existing prechlorination process in several aspects: including the Cyclops removal efficiencies of water samples taken from the outlets of sedimentation tank and sand filter and the security of drinking water and so on. The results showed that chlorine dioxide might be more effective to inactivate Cyclops than chlorine and Cyclops could be thoroughly removed from water by pre-dosing chlorine dioxide process. The GC-MS examination and Ames test further showed that the sort and amount of organic substance in the treated water by chlorine dioxide preoxidation were evidently less than that of prechlorination and the mutagenicity of drinking water treated by pre-dosing chlorine dioxide was substantially reduced compared with prechlorination.     

Assessing the Eutrophication of Shengzhong Reservoir Based on Grey Clustering Method

Reservoir water environment is a grey system. The grey clustering method is applied to assessing the reservoir water enviromnent to establish a relatively complete model suitable for the reservoir eutrophication evaluation and appropriately evaluate the quality of reservoir water, providing evidence for reservoir management. According to China＇s lakes and reservoir eutrophication criteria and the characteristics of China＇s eutrophication, as well as certain evaluation indices, the degree of eutrophication is classified into six categories with the utilization of grey classified whitening weight function to represent the boundaries of classification, to determine the clustering weight and clustering coefficient of each index in grey classifications, and the classification of each clustering object. The comprehensive evaluation of reservoir eutrophication is established on such a foundation, with Sichuan Shengzhong Reservoir as the survey object and the analysis of the data attained by several typical monitoring points there in 2006. It is found that eutrophication of Tiebian Power Generation Station, Guoyuanchang and Dashiqiao Bridge is the heaviest, Tielusi and Qinggangya the second, and Lijiaba the least. The eutrophication of this reservoir is closely relevant to the irrational exploitation in its surrounding areas, especially to the aggravation of the non-point source pollution and the increase of net-culture fishing. Therefore, it is feasible to use grey clustering in environment quality evaluation, and the point lies in the correct division of grey whitening function     

转炉烟气净化装置——环隙洗涤器的性能研究

环隙洗涤器作为第四代转炉烟气净化技术的核心部件,得到越来越多的重视。通过三维建模软件Pro/E、前处理软件GAMBIT、流场仿真软件FLUENT建立三维模型及模型网格的划分,对环隙洗涤器进行仿真模拟分析,得出结论:模拟结果与数学计算结果相一致,仿真结果有一定指导作用;考虑到除尘效率和流速稳定性问题,最佳行程控制在30~50mm。     

北京大气中CO体积分数与风速关系

CO是城市大气中一种重要的污染物,在城市的光化学反应中扮演着重要的角色.以2004-08-2005-07期间北京中科院大气物理研究所连续观测的CO体积分数和风速数据为基础,研究了北京市大气中CO体积分数与风速的分布特征.结果表明,北京大气中CO体积分数受排放源和大气扩散能力的影响呈现冬季高,夏季低的季节变化特征.白天8 h (09:00-16:00) CO体积分数与风速分布频率存在负的统计相关性,相关系数r=0.93,K值为3.5±0.5.受观测点地理位置和周边道路机动车分布的影响,偏东气流控制时的CO体积分数是偏西气流的2.3倍.     

北京近地层O3、NOx、CO及相关气象因子的分析

利用2004年9月--2005年7月北京市区近地层O3、NOx、CO和气象要素的连续观测资料,分析了近地层O3及其前体物体积分数的分布特征和日变化特征,同时采用非参数统计方法分析了近地层O3及其前体物体积分数的季节变化特征及局地气象要素对它们的影响.结果表明,CO和NO2的体积分数近似于Lorentz分布;O3、NO和NOx的体积分数满足指数分布.O3体积分数的日变化呈单峰型结构,午后15:00左右出现峰值,凌晨7:00左右出现最低值;而其前体物NOx和CO体积分数的日变化呈双峰型结构,早上7:00左右出现第一次峰值.午后15:00左右达到最低值,凌晨0:00左右出现第二次峰值;NO2第一次峰值的出现时间滞后于NO和CO;此外,NO2的最低体积分数晚上与白天几乎相当.O2体积分数的季节变化表现为夏季高,冬季低;与其相反,NO、NO2、NOx和CO几乎均表现为冬季高,夏季低.相对湿度、温度、风速与O3及其前体物的体积分数均具有显著的相关性.风速大于4.0 m/s时,O3的平均体积分数仍然增大.     

活性炭纤维及其在环境保护领域中的应用

活性炭纤维 (ACF)是一种新型高效吸附剂 ,与颗粒活性炭 (GAC)相比 ,它具有比表面积大 ,吸附速度快 ,吸附容量大等等特点。本文介绍了活性炭纤维的主要性能和它在环境领域中的应用研究。     

降水中汞及其它元素来源的识别分析

在北京市不同地点采集４６ 个降水样品,测定了其中汞和其它元素的含量,通过主成分因子分析进行来源识别分析． 结果表明,降水中元素主要来源于燃煤、扬尘、燃油和特殊污染源．降水中汞（Ｈｇ）可能主要是土壤中汞挥发到大气中,经氧化后随降水降到地面．     

稳健GM(1,1)模型及其预测应用

本文提出了稳健GM(1,1)灰色模型,并用该模型建立了山东省工业固体废物产生量数学模型,结果表明,稳健GM(1,1)模型比通常的GM(1,1)模型更具预测应用价值.