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781.
782.
贵州省水资源承载力的空间地域差异 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
水资源承载力是一个国家或地区可持续发展过程中各种自然资源承载力的重要组成部分,对一个国家或地区综合的发展和发展规模有至关重要的影响。由于水资源承载力是涉及到人口、社会经济发展以及资源环境在内的复杂巨系统,通过利用综合多种因素的状态空间法,从综合、宏观的角度来描述研究区域现实的承载状况,并对其进行定量化表示和分析。以贵州省为例,根据其具体情况,选取了9个指标构成评价指标体系,并对各指标运用反映客观赋权的熵值法进行权重的确定,然后通过状态空间法求算出贵州省现实的水资源承载状态值及其理想状态值。计算结果表明,贵州省目前的水资源承载状况总体上处于超载状态,但不同的地区又有所差异,表现出一定的空间地域性。根据贵州省水资源承载的现状值与理想值的比较,把整个贵州省水资源承载力划分为3种类型区:严重超载区、满载区及可载区。计算结果符合贵州省水资源实际情况,对贵州省水资源的可持续利用具有一定的现实指导意义。 相似文献
783.
年轮宽度和气候要素的相关或响应分析已大量应用在气候 树木生长的相互作用研究中。以川西南区瓦屋山自然保护区速生树种柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei)的71个样芯,探讨了温度和降雨与柳杉早材、晩材年表的关系,结果表明早材径向生长对温度变化比较敏感,早材年轮指数序列与当年4月的平均温度、4月平均最高温度、上年9、10月平均最高温度间呈显著正相关关系,与当年7月平均温度以及上年11月最低温度间均存在显著负相关关系;晚材年轮序列与当年10月的平均最高温度呈显著正相关关系。柳杉早材年轮的生长过程中气温“滞后效应”表现明显,特别是在上个生长季的9~10月,最高温度的变化对柳杉当年生长季节形成较宽的年轮有重要的作用。不同的季节温度、降水量变化影响早材、晚材年轮的形成与生长 相似文献
784.
785.
Xing Liqun Wang Lichao Zhang Rui 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(15):14789-14798
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It has become a great habit for driving to work in people’s daily life in China. In order to understand the concentration of volatile organic... 相似文献
786.
Jelena Đuričić-Milanković Ivan Anđelković Ana Pantelić Srđan Petrović Andrea Gambaro Dragana Đorđević 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(10):615
We have measured trace element contents in suburban aerosols from six size fractions in the range of PM0.27–16 from a background station in Belgrade (Serbia). The distribution and concentration of elements were determined within each of the investigated Dp fractions with emphasis on the fine and coarse modes. Fine/coarse mode ratios of element can provide information regarding their anthropogenic or natural origin. Analysis of seasonal variations of element contents in fine and coarse mode show that Cd, Co, K, and V have higher concentrations in the fine mode during heating season, while Fe contents are lower. In the coarse mode, Cu and V have higher concentrations during the heating season, while Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Sb contents are lower. We also apply a distribution probability model (normal, log-normal, and three-parameter Weibull) as new approach to estimate the distances of emission sources that can contribute to pollutant contents in particulate matter of the investigated location. 相似文献
787.
Van Lancker F Adams A Delmulle B De Saeger S Moretti A Van Peteghem C De Kimpe N 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2008,10(10):1127-1133
An automated headspace solid phase microextraction method followed by GC-MS analysis was used to evaluate and compare the in vitro production of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) on malt extract agar, plasterboard and wallpaper. Five fungal strains were isolated from the walls of water-damaged houses and identified. In addition, four other common molds were studied. In general, MVOC production was the highest on malt extract agar. On this synthetic medium, molds typically produced 2-methylpropanol, 2-methylbutanol and 3-methylbutanol. On wallpaper, mainly 2-ethylhexanol, methyl 2-ethylhexanoate and compounds of the C8-complex such as 1-octene-3-ol, 3-octanone, 3-octanol and 1,3-octadiene were detected. The detection of 2-ethylhexanol and methyl 2-ethylhexanoate indicates an enhanced degradation of the substrate by most fungi. For growth on plasterboard, no typical metabolites were detected. Despite these metabolite differences on malt extract agar, wallpaper and plasterboard, some molds also produced specific compounds independently of the used substrate, such as trichodiene from Fusarium sporotrichioides and aristolochene from Penicillium roqueforti. Therefore, these metabolites can be used as markers for the identification and maybe also mycotoxin production of these molds. All five investigated Penicillium spp. in this study were able to produce two specific diterpenes, which were not produced by the other species studied. These two compounds, which remain unidentified until now, therefore seem specific for Penicillium spp. and are potentially interesting for the monitoring of this fungal genus. Further experiments will be performed with other Penicillium spp. to study the possibility that these two compounds are specific for this group of molds. 相似文献
788.
Assessment of dissolved heavy metal in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent sea, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Qiang An Yanqing Wu Jinhui Wang Zhien Li 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,164(1-4):173-187
The purpose of this paper is to determine the concentrations of dissolved heavy metals namely mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) and to investigate the relationships between nutrients (nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate) and dissolved heavy metals. For this purpose, the concentrations of dissolved heavy metals were measured through 51 voyages form 1984 to 2006 in the Yangtze river estuary and its adjacent sea. Results analysis showed that dissolved heavy metals were not the main pollutants in the Yangtze river estuary, and the main source of heavy metal contamination was industrial wastewater from terrestrial pollution during the past 20 years. Heavy metal values showed significant abundance in the south branch of the Yangtze River estuary and Hangzhou Bay. In addition, Pb showed negative correlation with nutrients, while the positive correlations between Hg, Cd, and nutrients were shown. The obtained molar ratios, $\Delta \mbox{Cd}/\Delta \mbox{N} = 1.68 \times 10^{-5}$ and $\Delta \mbox{Cd}/\Delta \mbox{P} = 1.66 \times 10^{-4}$ , are close to those in plankton, showing the biogeochemical behavior and process of dissolved cadmium. 相似文献
789.
Aquatic pollution pose a serious challenge to the scientific community worldwide, since lakes or reservoirs find multifarious use and most often their water is used for drinking, bathing, irrigation, and aquaculture. Nine metals and several physicochemical parameters, from four sampling sites in a tropical lake receiving the discharges from a thermal power plant, a coal mine, and a chlor-alkali industry, were studied from 2004 to 2005. Pertaining to metal pollution, the site most polluted with heavy metals was Belwadah, i.e., waters and sediments had the highest concentration of all the metals examined. The reference site was characterized by the presence of low concentrations of metals in waters and sediments. Following the water quality monitoring, 2-month field phytoremediation experiments were conducted using large enclosures at the discharge point of different polluted sites of the lake. During field phytoremediation experiments using aquatic macrophytes, marked percentage reduction in metals concentrations were recorded. The percentage decrease for different metals was in the range of 25% to 67.90% at Belwadah (with Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna minor), 25% to 77.14% at Dongia nala (with E. crassipes, L. minor and Azolla pinnata), and 25% to 71.42% at Ash pond site of G.B. Pant Sagar (with L. minor and A. pinnata). Preliminary studies of polluted sites are useful for improved microcosm design and for the systematic extrapolation of information from experimental ecosystems to natural ecosystems. 相似文献
790.