杂色云芝对2种染料的脱色条件研究

比较了2种不同液体限氮培养基中杂色云芝对酸性品红和亚甲基蓝的脱色效果,确定了最佳接种量。优化出的基本参数为T=34℃、进料浓度200mg/L、pH=4.5。实验结果表明:杂色云芝对进水的酸碱度具有很强的适应性,从pH2.5到10.5比较宽的区间内保持了比较稳定的高脱色率,这一点对于工程应用具有实际意义。     

Assessment of comparative toxicities of lead and copper using plant assay

The acute toxicities of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) to important crop plants Sorghum bicolor, Cucumis sativus, Triticum aestivum, and Zea mays were compared. The EC50 values (the concentration of metals in the soil that reduces the growth of shoots and roots by 50%) were derived using the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method. The EC50s-shoot (root) in mg Pb kg-1 dry soil and mg Cu kg-1 dry soil were in the range of 519 to >1280 (285-445), and 48-232 (<40-110), respectively. Those concentrations are likely to occur in some abandoned mine areas in Korea. The figures indicate that Cu is more toxic than Pb to the plants in this study, and that root growth is more sensitive to the toxicity endpoint than shoot growth in Cu- or Pb-amended soils. On the other hand, seed germination is insensitive to both Pb and Cu toxicities. The Pb- and Cu-sensitive plants were also identified. Among the plants tested, T. aestivum and S. bicolor were most sensitive to Pb and Cu, respectively. Z. mays was most resistant to both Pb and Cu. The combined effects of Pb and Cu depend on the plant species, and no general phenomenon was observed. Bioaccumulations of Pb and Cu were observed in all test species, and they are concentration-dependent. These differences in the toxicities of Pb and Cu in plant species should be taken into account in biomonitoring and ecological risk assessment.     

栉孔扇贝内参基因稳定性研究

合适的内参基因对准确定量目标基因表达水平非常重要。利用实时定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)分析了不同发育阶段和雌激素暴露条件下栉孔扇贝性腺组织中β-actin、β-TUB、EF-lα、18SrRNA和GAPDH5个内参基因的表达水平,并利用RefFinder软件对其表达稳定性进行了分析。结果表明:在所考察的内参基因中,EF-lα在栉孔扇贝不同发育阶段和雌激素暴露下的表达均最为稳定,可作为定量目标基因表达水平的内参基因之一。     

出口贸易和FDI加剧了资源型城市的环境污染吗?——基于中国285个地级城市面板数据的经验研究

论文沿用经典EKC分析框架,在现有资源型城市环境污染研究基础上加入了出口贸易开放度、利用外资水平、研发水平及污染治理水平等因素。分析基于2005—2012年中国285个地级城市（包括115个资源型城市和170个非资源型城市）的面板数据,考虑可能存在的内生性问题,使用固定效应模型和工具变量GMM估计的方法,实证考察了出口贸易和FDI是否加剧了资源型城市的环境污染。研究表明,出口贸易显著地加剧了中国资源型城市的环境污染,FDI则在一定程度上加剧了环境污染;中国主要地级城市的人均收入和环境污染呈“倒U型”的库兹涅茨关系;环境影响因素对各类资源型城市污染排放产生的作用具有异质性,原因在于不同类型城市存在不同的资源依赖程度和技术水平。最后,论文对中国现阶段部分有关资源开采与相关外商投资、资源型城市发展等政策与规划及其存在的问题进行整理,并根据经验研究结论得到相关政策启示。     

膜序批式生物反应器在废水处理中的研究进展

膜序批式生物反应器是将SBR与MBR结合,具有出水水质好,浊度低,生物浓度高,脱氮除磷效果好,减缓膜污染等优点。对膜序批式生物反应器的构造,特点及研究进展进行综述,并对未来研究前景进行展望。     

长江流域可持续农业发展管理机制研究

文章首先阐述了建立可持续农业发展管理机制的必要性与原则 ,在分析长江流域可持续农业发展面临的问题及其原因的基础上 ,提出了长江流域可持续农业发展管理机制的具体内容     

从人员疏散的角度研究公路隧道的横通道间距

隧道的横通道作为人员疏散的安全地带,其间距的设置在人员安全疏散中是至关重要的。以雪峰山隧道为工程实例,从人员安全疏散的观点出发,阐述了一种计算横通道间距的方法,并简述了方法的应用。首先根据特长隧道火灾特点,模拟分析特长隧道四种不同火灾场景下的典型自然疏散过程,并运用火灾模拟软件FDS4.0计算四种火灾场景在不同横通道间距情况下的危险时间,然后与相应的包含人员疏散行为特征的疏散时间相比较,得出该隧道最适宜的横通道间距为270m,并分析其经济性。其方法和结论可为特长隧道消防系统的设计、紧急疏散方案和引导指挥体系的建立提供理论依据。     

突发公共事件应急预案支持系统的研究进展

在分析当今公共安全形势日益严峻的背景下,回顾突发公共事件应急辅助系统国内外的发展状况,指出现有应急辅助系统的进展和不足,并阐明建立应急预案支持系统的重要性。通过对应急预案在文本预案、图文预案以及推演预案3个不同发展阶段的分析,分别评述3种预案支持系统的特点和缺陷,着重对推演预案支持系统在可视化、数字化以及智能化领域的研究进行分析,并以此为基础建立具有预案管理、预案自动生成、预案模拟演示、预案执行跟踪以及预案评估5大模块的突发事件应急预案支持系统,以期通过3S及人工智能等技术的应用不断完善系统,并从功能、技术及系统3个层面,积极探索应急预案支持系统未来可能的研究方向。     

Quantifying and managing regional greenhouse gas emissions：Waste sector of Daejeon, Korea

A credible accounting of national and regional inventories for the greenhouse gas （GHG） reduction has emerged as one of the most significant current discussions. This article assessed the regional GHG emissions by three categories of the waste sector in Daejeon Metropolitan City （DMC）, Korea, examined the potential for DMC to reduce GHG emission, and discussed the methodology modified from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Korea national guidelines. During the last five years, DMC＇s overall GHG emissions were 239 thousand tons C02 eq./year from eleven public environmental infrastructure facilities, with a population of 1.52 million. Of the three categories, solid waste treatment/disposal contributes 68%, whilst wastewater treatment and others contribute 22% and 10% respectively. Among GHG unit emissions per ton of waste treatment, the biggest contributor was waste incineration of 694 kg CO2 eq./ton, followed by waste disposal of 483 kg CO2 eq./ton, biological treatment of solid waste of 209 kg CO2 eq./ton, wastewater treatment of 0.241 kg CO2 eq./m3, and public water supplies of 0.067 kg CO2 eq./m3. Furthermore, it is suggested that the potential in reducing GHG emissions from landfill process can be as high as 47.5% by increasing landfill gas recovery up to 50%. Therefore, it is apparent that reduction strategies for the main contributors of GHG emissions should take precedence over minor contributors and lead to the best practice for managing GHGs abatement.