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91.
92.
Interactive effects of natural and human disturbances on vegetation dynamics across landscapes. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Marc A Linderman Li An Scott Bearer Guangming He Zhiyun Ouyang Jianguo Liu 《Ecological applications》2006,16(2):452-463
Accurate measures of human effects on landscape processes require consideration of both the direct impacts from human activities and the indirect consequences of the interactions between humans and the landscape. This is particularly evident in systems experiencing regular natural disturbances such as in the mountainous areas of southwestern China, where the remaining population of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is supported. Here the spatiotemporal patterns of human impacts, forests, and bamboo episodic die-offs combine to determine the distribution of panda habitat. To study the complex interactions of humans and landscapes, we developed an integrated spatiotemporally explicit model of household activities, natural vegetation dynamics, and their impacts on panda habitat. Using this model we examined the direct consequences of local fuelwood collection and household creation on areas of critical giant panda habitat and the indirect impacts when coupled with vegetation dynamics. Through simulations, we found that over the next 30 years household impacts would result in the loss of up to 30% of the habitat relied on by pandas during past bamboo die-offs. The accumulation and spatial distribution of household impacts would also have a considerable indirect influence on the spatial distribution of understory bamboo. While human impacts influence both bamboo die-off and regeneration, over 19% of pre-existing low-elevation bamboo habitat may be lost following an episodic die-off depending on the severity of the impacts and timing of the die-offs. Our study showed not only the importance of the spatial distribution of direct household impacts on habitat, but also the far-reaching effects of the indirect interactions between humans and the landscapes they are modifying. 相似文献
93.
有机化合物水解的研究方法 总被引:39,自引:1,他引:39
有机化合物在水中的化学降解是其在环境中消失的重要途径之一,本文介绍有机化合物在水中的化学降解的研究方法,并给出研究实例。 相似文献
94.
M.?Purenovi? J.?Perovi? A.?Boji?Email author T.?An?elkovi? D.?Boji? 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2004,2(2):59-63
We studied the removal of cadmium and copper from industrial wastewaters by a microalloyed aluminium composite. The composite was highly efficient, resulting in water concentrations of cadmium and copper below the maximal allowed concentrations for drinking water. Moreover, our results show that the removal mechanism is mainly based on reduction and coprecipitation, since Cd and Cu were removed from the wastewater in reduced forms as metals and hydroxides.Selected article from the Regional Symposium on Chemistry and Environment, Krusevac, Serbia, June 2003, organised by Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic 相似文献
95.
农药和其它有机化合物环境参数的相关性及其预测 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
农药和其它有机化合物的水溶解度、正辛醇/水分配系数、有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子等物化参数之间存在着明显的相关性,有机化合物的水溶解度与其正辛醇/水分配系数、有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子呈负相关;正辛醇/水分配系数与有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子呈正相关。本文所建立的数学关系式能较好地预测未知化合物的环境特性。 相似文献
96.
微生物转化生产L-苯基乙酰基甲醇(L-PAC)研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
L-苯基乙酰基甲醇(L-Phenylacetylcarbinol,L-PAC)在制药业中被用作前体来合成L-麻黄素(L-ephedrine)、D-伪麻黄素(D-pseudoephedrine),在医学上,麻黄素可用来治疗低血压和哮喘,并有利尿之功效[1].近些年有报道指出,L-麻黄素可用于减肥[2].另外,L-PAC还可以用于合成安非他明(ampheta-mine),苯丙胺和苯胺等药物[3]. 相似文献
97.
An KG Park SS Ahn KH Urchin CG 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2003,24(1):29-38
Chemical and biological parameters were analyzed to examine how regional hydrological fluctuations influence water quality of a artificial lentic ecosystem over a two-year period The intensity of seasonal monsoon rain accounted for most of annual inflow and discharge and influenced flow pathway (interflow vs. overflow), resulting in a modification of chemical and biological conditions. Sharp contrasting interannual hydrology of intense vs. weak monsoon occurred during the study. The intense monsoon disrupted thermal stratification and resulted in ionic dilution, high TP and high inorganic solids (NVSS) in the headwater reach. The variation of NVSS accounted 75% of TP variation (slope = 4.14, p < 0.01, n = 48). Regression analysis of residual chlorophyll-a (Chl) versus flushing rate indicated that short hydraulic retention time and high mineral turbidity affected algal growth in the headwater reach during summer monsoon. In contrast, severe drought during weak monsoon produced strong thermal stratification, low inorganic solids, high total dissolved solids (TDS), and low TP in the entire system. In addition, Chl concentrations were controlled by phosphorus. Based on the physical, chemical and biological parameters, riverine conditions, dominated during the intense monsoon, but lacustrine conditions were evident during the weak monsoon. The interannual dynamics suggest that monsoon seasonality is considered the main forcing factor regulating overall functions and processes of the waterbody and this characteristic has an important implication to eutrophication of the system. 相似文献
98.
Dong YH Wang H An Q Ruiz X Fasola M Zhang YM 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(2-3):259-268
The levels of organochlorine compounds in eggs of water birds from the colony on Tai Lake in China were studied. The eggs were collected in 2000 and belonged to the following species: 65 samples of black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), 36 samples of little egret (Egretta garzetta), 26 samples of cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) from 13 clutches and 43 samples of Chinese pond heron (Ardeola bacchus) from 17 clutches. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its derivates (DDE and DDD), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and its isomers (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, delta-HCH), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, and endosulfan sulfate were determined in the laboratory by gas chromatography. The data showed that DDE had the highest levels in all the samples, followed by beta-HCH. The mean levels of DDE among the water bird species were in the order as follows: black-crowned night heron (5464.26 ng/g, dry weight) > Chinese pond heron (2791.12 ng/g, dry weight) > little egret (1979.97 ng/g, dry weight) > cattle egret (660.11 ng/g, dry weight). DDT and its metabolites accounted for 90% of the total organochlorines, except that it was only 73% for cattle egret. The differences of the residue among the bird species were statistically significant and could be attributed to their variations in prey and habitat. Although the DDE burdens in Tai Lake were much lower than 8 microg/g (wet weight) which are thought to have significant adverse effects on black-crowned night herons, they would be expected to increase the risk of adverse effects on survival of chicks of herons and egrets, particularly black-crowned night heron, based on the critical value of 1 microg/g (wet weight) DDE. The burdens of HCHs in this study were higher and the cyclodienes were lower than those found elsewhere. 相似文献
99.
不同来源腐殖酸的光解及过氧化氢对其影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
为探讨腐殖酸在环境中的行为及光解除去腐殖酸的可能性,利用大于290nm的模拟日光辐照,探讨了大骨节病病区、非病区腐殖酸和泥炭腐殖酸的光解过程和光解机理及过氧化氢对其光解的影响,发现随着光照时间的延长,腐殖酸水体系的总有机碳(TOC)含量降低,pH值下降,过氧化氢可以促进腐殖酸的光解,其光解过程遵循一级动力学规律。计算了不同来源腐殖酸光解的速率及光解半衰期,发现土壤和泥炭腐殖酸比大骨节病病区饮水中腐 相似文献
100.
合理利用农业资源,发展高产优质高效农业 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据我国农业资源特征,农业发展状况和市场需求。在分析发展高产优质高效农业的必要性和可能性的基础上,提出合理利用农业资源,发展高产优质高效农业的基本途径和主要对策。 相似文献